Ordinance No. 07/1998/PL-UBTVQH10 On the Conclusion and Implementation of International Treaties

ORDINANCE

On the conclusion and implementation of international treaties

To strengthen friendship and cooperation relations between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and other countries and nations around the world, contributing to the cause of peace and international cooperation, fulfilling the mission of building and defending the homeland;

To ensure strict enforcement of international commitments and to enhance state management over international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a party;

Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1992;

Pursuant to the Resolution of the 10th National Assembly, second session on the legislative program for 1998;

This Ordinance stipulates the conclusion and implementation of international treaties by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,

PART I
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of Application

1. This Ordinance applies to negotiations, signing, ratification, approval, accession, promulgation, registration, implementation, amendment, supplementation, suspension of effect, and termination of international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a party.

2. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam concludes international treaties under the following capacities:

a) State;

b) Government;

c) Supreme People's Court, Supreme People's Procuracy;

d) Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, agencies under the Government (hereinafter referred to collectively as Ministries, sectors).

Article 2. Definitions

In this Ordinance, the following terms are understood as follows:

1. "International treaty to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a party," hereinafter referred to as international treaty, is a written agreement concluded between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and one or more States, international organizations, or other subjects of international law, regardless of its name such as treaty, convention, agreement, protocol, exchange note, and the capacity for signature specified in Clause 2 of Article 1 of this Ordinance.

2. "Power of attorney" is a document issued by a competent state agency designating a representative of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to perform one or more legal acts related to the conclusion of international treaties.

3. "Signing" is the act performed by a competent state agency from negotiation, signing, ratification, approval, or accession until the international treaty enters into force.

4. "Ratification" is a legal act carried out by the National Assembly or the President accepting the effect of an international treaty already signed for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

5. "Approval" is a legal act carried out by the Government accepting the effect of an international treaty already signed for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

6. "Accession" is a legal act carried out by the National Assembly, the President, or the Government accepting the effect of a multilateral international treaty for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

7. "Reservation" is a unilateral declaration made by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam when signing, ratifying, approving, or acceding to a multilateral international treaty, aiming to exclude or modify the legal consequences of one or several provisions of the international treaty when applied to Vietnam.

8. "Suspension of effect" is a declaration by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam regarding the temporary cessation of the implementation of all or part of an international treaty already concluded.

9. "Termination" is a declaration by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam regarding the abandonment of the effect of an international treaty already concluded.

Article 3. Principles for concluding international treaties

1. International treaties are concluded on the basis of respecting independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, non-interference in internal affairs, equality, mutual benefit, and in accordance with fundamental principles of international law and the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

2. International treaties are concluded in accordance with the hierarchy prescribed in Clauses 2, 3, and 4 of Article 4 of this Ordinance. An international treaty concluded in a lower capacity shall not contravene an international treaty concluded in a higher capacity.

Article 4. Classification of international treaties

1. The name and capacity of international treaties are determined by the parties based on the nature and content of the document.

2. An international treaty concluded in the capacity of State is a treaty:

a) On peace, security, borders, territory, national sovereignty;

b) On basic rights and obligations of citizens, judicial assistance;

c) On universal international organizations and important regional organizations;

d) As agreed by the parties.

3. An international treaty concluded in the capacity of Government is a treaty:

a) To implement an international treaty already concluded in the capacity of State;

b) In areas not covered by Clause 2 of this Article;

c) On international organizations and other regional organizations;

d) As agreed by the parties, but not contrary to the provisions of Clause 2 of this Article.

4. An international treaty concluded by the Supreme People's Court or the Supreme People's Procuracy is a treaty on international cooperation within their jurisdiction.

5. An international treaty concluded in the capacity of Ministries, Sectors is a treaty:

a) To implement an international treaty already concluded in the capacity of State or Government;

b) In areas under the management of Ministries, Sectors, except for areas covered by Clauses 2 and 3 of this Article.

PART II
CONCLUSION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

Article 5. Proposal for negotiation and signing of international treaties

1. Negotiation and signing of international treaties in the field managed by a Ministry, Sector shall be proposed and submitted to the Government by that Ministry, Sector, after obtaining written comments from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and relevant Ministries, Sectors.

2. Negotiation and signing of international treaties on peace, security, borders, national territory, and other important international treaties shall be proposed and submitted to the Government by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the main managing Ministries, Sectors.

3. During the process of proposing negotiations and signing, if the international treaty contains provisions contrary to or not provided for in legislative documents issued by the National Assembly, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly, the agency responsible for proposing as stipulated in Clauses 1 and 2 of this Article must seek opinions from relevant ministries and agencies and obtain a written review opinion from the Ministry of Justice. The review document, opinions from relevant ministries and agencies, and the opinion of the proposing agency must be submitted to the Government for consideration and reported to the Standing Committee of the National Assembly for comments. The Standing Committee of the National Assembly reports its opinion to the National Assembly at the nearest session.

4. The document proposing negotiations and signing of international treaties must include the following contents:

a) Requirements and objectives of signing the international treaty and the basic content of the international treaty regarding the rights and obligations of Vietnam;

b) Assessment of political, economic, social, financial impacts, and other impacts;

c) Assessment of compliance with the provisions of Article 3 of this Ordinance and other laws;

d) intention Opinion of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and relevant ministries and agencies;

d) Name, capacity to sign the international treaty, representative, language, effectiveness, including temporary effectiveness, and duration of the international treaty;

e) Issues requiring opinions.

The draft international treaty must be sent together with the document proposing negotiations and signing of the international treaty.

Article 6. Authority to decide on negotiations and signing of international treaties

1. The President decides on negotiations and signing of international treaties on behalf of the State.

2. The Government decides on negotiations and signing of international treaties on behalf of the Government.

3. The Standing Committee of the National Assembly decides on negotiations and signing of international treaties by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuracy after obtaining the Government's opinion.

4. The head of a ministry or agency decides on negotiations and signing of international treaties on behalf of the ministry or agency after being authorized by the Prime Minister.

Within thirty days from the date of receiving the proposal for negotiations and signing of international treaties, the competent authority as stipulated in Clauses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of this Article shall issue a decision on whether to allow or not allow negotiations and signing of international treaties.

6. The decision on negotiations and signing of international treaties includes the following contents:

a) Name of the international treaty and capacity to sign;

b) Representative and authority of the representative in negotiations and signing;

c) Language and effectiveness, including temporary effectiveness, of the international treaty;

d) intention Opinion on the content of the international treaty and other necessary issues.

Article 7. Negotiations and signing of international treaties without power of attorney

1. The President, the Prime Minister, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs do not need a power of attorney when negotiating and signing international treaties.

2. The Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court, the Prosecutor General of the Supreme People's Procuracy, and the heads of ministries and agencies do not need a power of attorney when negotiating and signing international treaties on behalf of their respective ministries or agencies.

3. The head of a diplomatic mission or permanent delegation of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to international organizations does not need a power of attorney when negotiating with the host country or relevant international organization about the international treaty document, but when signing the international treaty, they must have a power of attorney as prescribed in Article 8 of this Ordinance.

Article 8. Authorization for negotiations and signing of international treaties

1. The head of the delegation negotiating and signing international treaties on behalf of the State must be authorized by the President.

2. The head of the delegation negotiating and signing international treaties on behalf of the Government must be authorized by the Government.

3. The head of the delegation negotiating and signing international treaties on behalf of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuracy must be authorized by the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court and the Prosecutor General of the Supreme People's Procuracy.

4. The head of the delegation negotiating and signing international treaties on behalf of a ministry or agency must be authorized by the head of the ministry or agency.

5. After issuing a decision allowing negotiations and signing of international treaties and upon receipt of a written request from the agency proposing the signing of the international treaty, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will prepare the power of attorney for the President and the Prime Minister; handle the procedures for confirming authorization by the Government; guide the issuance of powers of attorney by the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court, the Prosecutor General of the Supreme People's Procuracy, and the heads of ministries and agencies.

Article 9. Request for approval or ratification

1. Within fifteen days from the date of signing the international treaty, the agency proposing the signing must report to the Government on the content of the international treaty and request approval or ratification according to the provisions of the international treaty and the laws of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

2. The document requesting approval or ratification must include the following contents:

a) Assessment of the impacts of the international treaty on Vietnam;

b) Necessary recommendations regarding approval or ratification;

c) intention Opinion of relevant ministries and agencies if necessary;

d) Content of reservations (if any).

The signed international treaty document must be sent together with the document requesting approval or ratification.

Article 10. Approval of international treaties

1. International treaties that must be approved are those:

a) As specified in Points a and b Clause 2 of Article 4 of this Ordinance;

b) Containing provisions contrary to or not provided for in legislative documents of the National Assembly, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly, and the President;

c) Related to the state budget according to the Government's request for approval;

d) Containing provisions requiring approval.

2. The President decides on the approval of international treaties, except in cases where it is necessary to submit to the National Assembly for decision.

3. The agency proposing the signing of international treaties coordinates with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to request the Government to submit to the President for approval of international treaties. Within thirty days from the date of receiving the request for approval, the President provides a written opinion on the approval of the international treaty.

4. Within fifteen days from the date of the approval decision, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs proceeds with external procedures for the approval of the international treaty and informs relevant agencies about the effectiveness of the treaty.

Article 11. Ratification of international treaties

1. International treaties signed on behalf of the Government or a ministry or agency must be ratified as follows:

a) Containing provisions requiring ratification;

b) Contains provisions contrary to or not provided for in the legal normative documents of the Government.

2. The approval of international treaties within the jurisdiction of the Government.

3. The approval of international treaties shall be jointly proposed by the agency that initiated the signing and submitted to the Government for decision. Within thirty days from the date of receipt of the request for approval, the Government shall provide its opinion in writing on the approval of the international treaty.

4. Within fifteen days from the date of the approval decision, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall proceed with the diplomatic procedures for the approval of the international treaty and notify relevant agencies about the effectiveness of the treaty.

Article 12. Accession to multilateral international treaties

1. In cases where a multilateral international treaty relates to the field under the management of a ministry or sector, such ministry or sector shall propose accession according to the procedure stipulated in Article 5 of this Ordinance.

2. The President decides on accession to multilateral international treaties on behalf of the State, where such treaties contain provisions contrary to or not provided for in the legal normative documents of the National Assembly or the Standing Committee of the National Assembly, and those multilateral international treaties which require ratification, except in cases requiring submission to the National Assembly for decision.

The Government decides on accession to other multilateral international treaties.

3. Within thirty days from the date of receipt of the proposal for accession, the President or the Government shall provide their opinion in writing on the accession to the multilateral international treaty.

4. The document proposing accession to a multilateral international treaty must include the contents prescribed in Clause 4 of Article 5 of this Ordinance, accompanied by the following documents:

a) The official text of the multilateral international treaty and its Vietnamese translation;

b) Related documents concerning the multilateral international treaty including: list of parties to the treaty; supplementary or amending texts (if any); reservations, declarations; necessary legal procedures.

5. Within fifteen days from the date of the accession decision, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall proceed with the diplomatic procedures for accession to the multilateral international treaty and notify relevant ministries and sectors about the effectiveness of the treaty.

Article 13. Language of international treaties

1. Bilateral international treaties must have a Vietnamese text, except in cases where the parties agree otherwise. The Vietnamese text must be reviewed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs before submission to the Government.

2. For bilateral international treaties signed only in a foreign language, when proposing signing or accession and prior to making copies, the agency proposing signing must translate the treaty into Vietnamese and exchange with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to compare with the signed language of the treaty.

Article 14. Form of international treaty documents

International treaty documents signed on behalf of the State or the Government must be affixed with the embossed seal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs if signed domestically or of the Vietnamese diplomatic mission abroad if signed overseas, except in cases where the parties agree otherwise.

Article 15. Reservations to international treaties

1. For multilateral international treaties containing provisions requiring reservations, when submitting to the competent state agency for decision on signing, ratifying, approving, or accession, the agency proposing signing must clearly state the requirements and content of the reservation.

2. The content of the reservation must be drafted into a document submitted to the competent state agency for decision on signing, ratifying, approving, or accession, after obtaining the written opinion of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and relevant ministries and sectors.

3. The content of the reservation must be clearly stated in the accession document or reaffirmed in the ratification or approval document.

Article 16. Withdrawal of reservations from international treaties

1. When there is a request to withdraw a reservation, the agency proposing signing has the responsibility to study and propose withdrawal of the reservation to the state agency that decided on signing, ratifying, approving, or accession, after obtaining the written opinion of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, and relevant ministries and sectors.

2. The document requesting withdrawal of a reservation must include the following contents:

a) The content of the reservation proposed for withdrawal;

b) Legal basis and requirements for withdrawing the reservation;

c) intention opinion of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, and relevant ministries and sectors.

The international treaty document must be attached to the document requesting withdrawal of the reservation.

3. The state agency that decided on signing, ratifying, approving, or accession to the international treaty shall examine and decide on the withdrawal of the reservation within thirty days from the date of receipt of the request to withdraw the reservation.

4. Within fifteen days from the date of the decision on withdrawal of the reservation, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall proceed with the diplomatic procedures for the withdrawal of the reservation and notify relevant agencies about the effectiveness of the withdrawal of the reservation.

Article 17. Effectiveness of international treaties

An international treaty becomes effective for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam according to the provisions of the treaty itself or pursuant to other agreements among the parties to the treaty, including provisions on provisional effectiveness.

CHAPTER III
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Article 18. RECORDING AND ARCHIVING OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

1. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs manages and archives the original copy of bilateral international treaties or the official text of multilateral international treaties that the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has signed, along with related documents such as approval and ratification instruments.

2. The proposing agency must transfer the original copy of bilateral international treaties and the official text of multilateral international treaties to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs within fifteen days from the date of signing or accession.

Article 19. COPYING OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

Immediately upon the entry into force of an international treaty, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for making copies of the treaty to send to the National Assembly Office, the President's Office, the Government Office, and relevant ministries and sectors.

Article 20. Publication of international treaties

1. An international treaty shall be published unless otherwise agreed by the parties to the treaty or decided otherwise by the President or the Government.

2. Within fifteen days from the date of entry into force, the international treaty specified in Clause 1 of this Article shall be published in the Official Gazette of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

3. The Yearbook of International Treaties is compiled and issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Article 21. REGISTRATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs registers international treaties at the Secretariat of the United Nations or other international organizations when the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a party to the treaty.

Article 22. ARCHIVING OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs assists the Government in performing the archiving function of multilateral international treaties when the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the depositary state.

PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

Article 23. COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam strictly complies with international treaties it has signed, while demanding that other signatory parties also strictly comply with international treaties signed with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Article 24. ENSURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

1. The proposing agency must submit to the Government a plan for implementing the signed international treaty, specifying the implementation process, organizational, management, financial measures, and other proposals to ensure the implementation of the international treaty.

The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuracy must report to the Standing Committee of the National Assembly on the implementation of signed international treaties.

2. Relevant ministries and sectors within their respective functions, tasks, and authorities have the responsibility to implement international treaties signed by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

3. In cases where an international treaty is violated, the proposing agency or relevant state agency shall cooperate with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to recommend necessary measures to protect the rights and interests of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the Government.

4. Annually and upon request, the proposing agency and relevant state agencies must issue reports to the Government and the President on the implementation of signed international treaties, and simultaneously send them to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for monitoring.

5. When the implementation of an international treaty requires amending, supplementing, abolishing, or promulgating normative legal documents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the proposing agency and relevant state agencies have the responsibility to amend, supplement, abolish, or promulgate such normative legal documents themselves or to recommend to competent state agencies to do so in accordance with the Law on Enacting Normative Legal Documents.

Article 25. AMENDING, SUPPLEMENTING, OR EXTENDING THE DURATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL TREATY

1. The state agency authorized to decide on negotiating and signing international treaties as stipulated in Article 6 of the Ordinance has the authority to decide on amending, supplementing, or extending the duration of international treaties within its jurisdiction.

A state agency that has approved or ratified an international treaty has the authority to amend, supplement, or extend the duration of the treaty.

2. When there is a request to amend, supplement, or extend the duration of an international treaty, the proposing agency must seek written opinions from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and relevant ministries and sectors and submit them to the authorized state agency as stipulated in Clause 1 of this Article.

Within thirty days from the date of receiving a request to amend, supplement, or extend the duration of an international treaty, the authorized state agency must make a decision in writing.

3. The document requesting to amend, supplement, or extend the duration of an international treaty must include the following contents:

a) The purpose, requirements, and effects of amending, supplementing, or extending the duration of the international treaty;

b) The legal basis for amending, supplementing, or extending the duration of the international treaty;

c) intention c) Written opinions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and relevant ministries and sectors;

d) The content of the amendment proposal.

The text of the international treaty must be attached to the document requesting to amend, supplement, or extend the duration of the international treaty.

4. After the authorized state agency as stipulated in Clause 1 of this Article makes a decision, the proposing agency shall cooperate with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to carry out procedures for amending, supplementing, or extending the duration of the international treaty and announce its effectiveness in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance.

Article 26. GROUNDS FOR SUSPENDING EFFECTIVENESS AND ABOLISHING AN INTERNATIONAL TREATY

1. An international treaty may be suspended or abolished in the following cases:

a) As provided in the treaty itself;

b) When there is a violation of the principles of conclusion as stipulated in Article 3 of the Ordinance or when the treaty is seriously violated by another signatory party.

2. The suspension of effectiveness and abolition of an international treaty shall be carried out in accordance with the laws of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and international law and practice.

Article 27. AUTHORITY TO DECIDE ON SUSPENDING EFFECTIVENESS AND ABOLISHING AN INTERNATIONAL TREATY

1. The National Assembly decides on suspending the effectiveness of international treaties approved by the National Assembly or joining international treaties, and abolishing international treaties upon the recommendation of the President.

2. The President decides on the suspension of the effect of international treaties concluded in the name of the State, international treaties ratified or decided to join by the President, and international treaties concluded by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuracy.

3. The Government decides on the suspension of the effect of international treaties concluded in the name of the Government and international treaties concluded in the name of Ministries and sectors.

Article 28. Request for Suspension or Revocation of Effectiveness of International Treaties

1. The proposing agency requests the Government about the suspension of effectiveness or revocation of international treaties after obtaining the opinions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, and relevant Ministries and sectors. Upon receiving the request, the competent state agency as stipulated in Article 27 of this Ordinance must provide its opinion in writing regarding the suspension of effectiveness or revocation of such international treaties.

2. The request document for the suspension of effectiveness or revocation of international treaties must include the following contents:

a) Reasons and legal basis for the suspension of effectiveness or revocation of international treaties;

b) intention written opinions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and relevant agencies;

c) Legal consequences and related proposals concerning the suspension of effectiveness or revocation of international treaties.

The text of the international treaty must be attached to the request document for the suspension of effectiveness or revocation of international treaties.

3. Within fifteen days from the date of the decision of the National Assembly, the President, or the Government, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall proceed with diplomatic procedures for the suspension of effectiveness or revocation of international treaties and notify relevant agencies.

Article 29. Interpretation of the Content of International Treaties

1. The content of international treaties is interpreted in accordance with international law on the interpretation of international treaties.

2. During implementation, if there are different understandings of the content of international treaties, then the proposing agency has the responsibility to request the interpretation of international treaties and submit it to the Government for decision after obtaining the written opinion of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

3. Competence to interpret international treaties:

a) The Standing Committee of the National Assembly interprets international treaties ratified by the National Assembly and international treaties containing provisions contrary to or not provided for in legal normative documents issued by the National Assembly and the Standing Committee of the National Assembly;

b) The Government interprets international treaties concluded in the name of the State and the Government;

c) The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuracy interpret international treaties concluded by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuracy;

d) Ministries and sectors interpret international treaties concluded in the name of Ministries and sectors.

4. Within fifteen days from the date of the decision of the competent state agency on the interpretation of international treaties as stipulated in Clause 3 of this Article, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall proceed with diplomatic procedures for the interpretation of international treaties.

CHAPTER V
STATE MANAGEMENT OF THE CONCLUSION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

Article 30. Contents of State Management of the Conclusion and Implementation of International Treaties

Contents of State Management of the Conclusion and Implementation of International Treaties include:

1. Issuing legal normative documents on the conclusion and implementation of international treaties;

2. Organizing and ensuring the implementation of international treaties;

3. Propaganda, dissemination, and guidance on the enforcement of laws on the conclusion and implementation of international treaties;

4. National statistics on international treaties;

5. Organization of archiving and recording copies of international treaties;

6. Supervision, inspection, audit, and handling of violations of laws on the conclusion and implementation of international treaties;

7. Resolution of complaints and denunciations related to the conclusion and implementation of international treaties.

Article 31. State Management Agencies for the Conclusion and Implementation of International Treaties

1. The Government uniformly manages the State in the conclusion and implementation of international treaties throughout the country.

2. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for assisting the Government in performing the function of State management over the conclusion and implementation of international treaties.

3. Ministries, agencies at the level of ministries, and agencies under the Government within their respective tasks and authorities cooperate with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to perform State management over the conclusion and implementation of international treaties.

Article 32. Supervision of the Conclusion and Implementation of International Treaties

The National Assembly, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly, the National Ethnic Council, and Committees of the National Assembly supervise the conclusion and implementation of international treaties within their respective tasks and authorities.

Article 33. Handling Violations

Organizations, individuals who violate the provisions of this Ordinance will be handled according to the provisions of the law.

Chapter VI
IMPLEMENTING PROVISIONS

Article 34. International Agreements of Central Provinces and Cities and of Political-Social Organizations, Social Organizations, and Social-Professional Organizations

The Government promulgates separate regulations on the conclusion and implementation of international agreements of central provinces and cities and of political-social organizations, social organizations, and social-professional organizations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Article 35. Effectiveness

This Ordinance takes effect from the date of publication and replaces the Ordinance on the Conclusion and Implementation of International Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated October 17, 1989.

The Government shall provide detailed regulations and guidance for the implementation of this Ordinance./.