Decision 1221/2000/QĐ-BYT

Pursuant to …;

Regarding the issuance of regulations on school hygiene

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THE MINISTER OF HEALTH

Pursuant to the Law on People's Health Protection dated June 30, 1989;

Pursuant to Decree No. 68/CP dated October 11, 1993 of the Government stipulating the functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Health.

At the proposal of the Director of the Preventive Medicine Department, the Inspector General of the Ministry of Health.

DECISION:

Article 1. Issued herewith are the Regulations on School Hygiene.

Article 2. The Preventive Medicine Department shall be responsible for directing, guiding, and inspecting the implementation of this Decision.

Article 3. This Decision takes effect fifteen days from the date of issuance. All previous regulations that conflict with the provisions of this Decision are hereby abolished.

Article 4. The Heads of the Office, the Inspectorate, the Directors of the Preventive Medicine Department, the Directors of other Departments under the Ministry of Health, the Directors of the Quality Control and Sanitation Safety Food Bureau, the Heads of units directly under the Ministry, and the Directors of Provincial Health Services shall be responsible for implementing this Decision.

 

REGULATIONS

On School Hygiene
(Issued together with Decision No. 1221/2000/QĐ-BYT dated April 18, 2000 of the Minister of Health).

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Chapter 1:

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of application

These regulations provide for school hygiene including environmental hygiene for learning; hygiene for learning facilities at schools; and hygiene for dormitories and dining halls at boarding and semi-boarding schools; provisions on inspection, supervision, and handling of violations.

Article 2. Applicability:

These regulations apply to all general education schools: primary schools, secondary schools, and high schools.

Chapter 2:

REQUIREMENTS FOR LEARNING ENVIRONMENT HYGIENE.

Article 3. Location for building schools.

1. Schools must be built in high, clean, bright, and quiet areas.

2. Convenient for students' travel to school. The maximum distance from home to school should take students between 20 to 30 minutes to walk. Specifically:

Primary school students should not have to walk more than 1000 meters.

Secondary school students should not have to walk more than 1500 meters.

High school students should not have to walk more than 3000 meters.

In mountainous areas, the radius should not exceed 2000 meters for primary schools and 3000 meters for secondary schools.

3.远离有害气体、烟雾、尘埃和噪音的产生地。远离车站、码头、油库、垃圾场、市场等，远离主要交通干道、河流、溪流及危险瀑布。

Article 4. The orientation of the school (the main direction of windows facing the classrooms) should be south or southeast.

Article 5. Area of the school campus.

1. The campus must be spacious enough for classrooms, playgrounds, exercise fields, and greenery.

2. In rural and mountainous areas, the average area per student should not be less than 10 square meters.² 3. In cities and towns, the average area per student should not be less than 6 square meters.

The area for construction projects should account for 20% to 30%.² 3. In cities and towns, the average area per student should not be less than 6 square meters.

Where:

The area for planting trees should account for 20% to 40%.

The area for playgrounds and exercise fields should account for 40% to 50%.

The schoolyard should be flat and spacious, with good drainage ditches, not muddy or waterlogged during rain. It can be paved with tiles, cement, or compacted earth.

Article 6. REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASSROOM HYGIENE.

Chapter 3:

Classroom area: An average of 1.10 to 1.25 square meters per student. The size of the classroom: length not exceeding 8.5 meters, width not exceeding 6.5 meters, height 3.6 meters.

Article 7. Ventilation.² 1. Classrooms should be naturally ventilated, ensuring coolness in summer and warmth in winter.² 2. Classrooms should have artificial ventilation systems such as ceiling fans or high-mounted exhaust fans above the light source to ensure that the carbon dioxide level in the room does not exceed 0.1%.

Article 8. Lighting.

Classrooms must ensure uniform lighting of no less than 100 lux. For classrooms with visually impaired students, the lighting should be no less than 300 lux.

1. Natural lighting:₂ - Classrooms must be adequately lit by natural light.

- The main direction for natural light should be south (windows on the side without a corridor) towards the left hand of students when writing. - The total area of windows receiving light should not be less than one-fifth of the classroom area.

- Windows must have shutters and glass to block sunlight and prevent cold winds and rain from entering.

2. Artificial lighting.

- To supplement when there is insufficient natural light, artificial lighting should be provided. The number of light bulbs required is as follows: if using incandescent bulbs, four bulbs each with a power of 150W to 200W should be evenly distributed at the four corners. If using fluorescent tubes, six to eight tubes each 1.2 meters long should be hung, with the bulbs hanging at a height of 2.8 meters above the desk surface.

3. The ceiling of the classroom should be painted white, and the walls should be painted a light yellow color.

Classrooms must be quiet. Noise levels in the room should not exceed 50 decibels (dB).

Article 11.

Classrooms must be cleaned daily 20 minutes before class starts or after class ends.

Student desks and chairs.

1. Desks and chairs must be wide enough, sturdy, and have rounded, smooth edges to ensure safety.

Article 10. 2. The dimensions (height, width, depth) of the desks and chairs must correspond to each other and be suitable for the stature of the students.

Specifications (in cm) Desk and chair sizes

Article 12. Desk height

Chair height

Difference in height between desk and chair

- Type VI for students with a body height of 1.55m or taller.

The most suitable desk is a two-seater desk, with each seat being at least 0.5m wide. Chairs must be separate from the desk and have a backrest.

3. Arrangement of desks and chairs in the classroom: Initially placed 1.7m to 2m away from the board. The last row of desks should be no more than 8m from the board.

Blackboard.

1. The blackboard must be glare-proof.

2. Dimensions: Length from 1.8m to 2.0m. Width from 1.2m to 1.5m.

3. Color of the blackboard: Green or black (if written with chalk), white if written with marker.

4. Hanging method: Hung in the middle of the wall, the bottom edge of the board should be 0.8m to 1m from the floor.

Article 13. 5. Characters written on the board should be at least 4cm tall.

Visual aids and teaching materials must be clean, colorfast, clear, and safe.

Laboratory.

Laboratories, including physics, chemistry, biology rooms, etc., must meet the following hygiene requirements:

1. Laboratory rules must be clearly, specifically, and fully written and hung in a visible place.

2. Uniform lighting: from 150 lux to 200 lux.

Article 14.Visual aids and teaching materials must be clean, colorfast, clear, and safe.

Article 15. Laboratory.

The laboratory shall include physics, chemistry, biology rooms, etc., and must meet the following hygiene requirements:

1. The laboratory rules board must be clearly written, specific, complete, and hung in a place easily readable.

2. Uniform lighting: from 150 lux to 200 lux.

3. Electrical wiring, gas pipelines, electrical outlets... must ensure safety for students when conducting experiments.

Article 16. Practical rooms and workshops must meet the following requirements:

1. The average area from 1.5m to 2m per student. For specialized technical workshops (sewing workshop, carpentry workshop, mechanical workshop, electrical workshop), the average area is 3m.² up to 2m² for each student. For specialized technical workshops (sewing workshop, carpentry workshop, mechanical workshop, electrical workshop), the average area is 3m² to 6m² 3. In cities and towns, the average area per student should not be less than 6 square meters.

2. Lighting must meet industrial lighting requirements.

3. The workshop must be located far from classrooms and at the end of the main wind direction (South and Southeast).

4. Production tools must have sizes and weights suitable for the height and age of students.

5. Labor means must have hygiene and safety regulations and operating rules.

Chapter 4:

REQUIREMENTS FOR SANITATION IN STUDYING AND SPORT TRAINING.

Article 17. The schedule should focus on reasonable study hours that suit the physical condition of each age group of students, with appropriate rest times according to their physiology. During hot weather, classes should avoid the time from 11h to 13h.

After each class and between sessions, students must leave the classroom to change the air and reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the room.₂ within the room.

Article 18. Sports training room.

1. Must ensure hygiene and ventilation. Carbon monoxide concentration must not exceed 0.1%.₂ not exceeding 0.1%.

2. The field must be flat and non-slippery. There must be sufficient protective equipment (mats, safety belts) to prevent injuries.

3. Training equipment must be clean and absolutely safe. Before training, teachers must check the safety of the training equipment.

4. The training room must have separate shower and changing rooms for male and female students.

5. Provide sufficient drinking water and water for washing.

Article 19. Sports training ground.

1. Flat, without holes or trenches running across the field.

2. Football fields must be planted with grass.

3. If the field is dry and dusty, it must be watered for 30 minutes before training.

4. Training time from 30 minutes to 45 minutes.

5. Training and sports competitions shall not be organized when the field is muddy or during rainy or scorching weather.

6. Running tracks must have hard surfaces with drainage ditches on both sides.

7. Jumping pits must be filled with clean sand without stones, gravel, or soil.

8. The throwing areas for shot put and discus must be on hard ground. The landing zones must be soft and free of people waiting or watching (including students and teachers).

9. During training and sports competitions, there must be medical staff on duty to provide first aid and emergency care for accidents.

Chapter 5:

REQUIREMENTS FOR SANITARY FACILITIES IN SCHOOLS..

Article 20. Drinking water supply.

1. There must be enough boiled or filtered clean water for students to drink during school hours.

In summer: ensure an average of 0.3 liters per student per session.

In winter: ensure an average of 0.1 liters per student per session.

2. Cafeteria services such as tea and refreshments must meet hygiene and safety standards.

Article 21.Clean water supply for bathing.

Water can be from municipal sources or wells. If using municipal water, one tap must serve 200 students per session. If using well water, each student must have 4 to 6 liters per session.

Article 22. Toilets, latrines, garbage pits, sewage systems.

1. In places with conditions (cities, towns, townships...) septic toilets or semi-septic toilets with handwashing taps must be built. In difficult areas, the best option is to use sanitary two-compartment toilets. In remote areas, improved dry toilets can be used.

2. The average number of latrines from 100 to 200 students per session must have one latrine (separate for males, females, teachers, and students).

3. Urinals: Ensure an average of 50 students per session have 1 meter of urinal length.

4. Garbage pits: In cities, towns, and townships, schools must have trash bins. Daily collection of waste from classrooms and cleaning. Each classroom and office must have a waste bin.

5. Schools must have a closed drainage system to lead rainwater and wastewater from the school into the general drainage system.

Chapter 6:

REQUIREMENTS FOR SANITATION IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS - BOARDING SCHOOLS.

Article 23. Dormitories and dining halls must have rules on order and hygiene. Dining halls in residential areas must comply with Circular No. 04/1998/TT-BYT issued by the Ministry of Health on March 23, 1998, guiding the management of food hygiene and safety in business, service, and catering.

Article 24. Clean water supply.

Residential and boarding areas must provide sufficient clean water for students to use in daily eating and living activities. On average, each student needs 100-150 liters of water in 24 hours.

Article 25. Toilets, latrines.

1. Type of toilet: Septic or semi-septic, ensuring an average of 25 students have one toilet.

2. Number of urinals must ensure an average of 25 students have one urinal.

3. Separate sanitation areas for males and females. In rural areas, the sanitation area should be located in the northwest of the residential area of students.

Article 28. Waste and wastewater treatment.

1. Residential areas must have trash bins to collect daily waste from dormitory rooms and public areas.

2. There must be a drainage system to lead rainwater and domestic wastewater into the general drainage system.

Chapter 7:

REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH ROOMS.

Article 27. Schools must have health rooms to care for students' health.

1. Room size from 12m.² or more.

2. The room shall be equipped with all medical supplies and medicines as directed by local health authorities.

2. The room must be equipped with all necessary medical supplies and medicines as directed by local health authorities.

Chapter 8:

3. If the school has boarding or half-day boarding students, there must be a quarantine room and medical staff on duty 24/24 hours.

Article 28. REGULATIONS ON INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION.

Article 29. Provincial/City Centers for Disease Control, District Health Centers are responsible for inspecting school hygiene according to local plans. State inspection of school hygiene is conducted according to the Regulation on Organization and Operation of Sanitation Inspection under Decision No. 332/BYT-QĐ dated March 3, 1997, by the Minister of Health.

Those violating school hygiene regulations will be subject to disciplinary action, administrative penalties, or criminal prosecution depending on the severity of the violation; if damage is caused, compensation must be provided according to the law.