Decision No. 150/2000/QĐ-TTg On approving the Action Program on Preventing and Combating Drug Abuse for the period 2001-2005

Pursuant to …;

Decision No. 150/2000/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister

dated December 28, 2000 on approving the Action Program

to prevent and combat drug abuse for the period 2001-2005

________________

PRIME MINISTER

Pursuant to the Government Organization Law dated September 30, 1992;

Considering the proposal of the Minister of Public Security, Deputy Chairman of the National Steering Committee for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control and Drug Abuse and Prostitution Prevention (report No. 1724/C11 (VPU) dated October 18, 2000) on approving the Action Program to prevent and combat drug abuse for the period 2001-2005,

DECISION:

Article 1. Approves the Action Program to prevent and combat drug abuse for the period 2001-2005 (annexed hereto).

Article 2. This Decision takes effect from the date of signature.

Article 3. The Chairman of the National Steering Committee for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control and Drug Abuse and Prostitution Prevention, Ministers, Heads of ministerial-level agencies, Heads of agencies under the Government, Chairmen of People's Committees of provinces and centrally-run cities shall be responsible for implementing this Decision.

PROGRAM

Action Program to Prevent and Combat Drug Abuse for the Period 2001-2005

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(Annexed to Decision No. 150/2000/QD-TTg dated December 28, 2000)

of the Prime Minister)

To continue implementing Resolution No. 06/CP dated January 29, 1993 of the Government on strengthening work to prevent, combat, and control drug abuse, based on the actual situation domestically and on the basis of the United Nations Global Programme on Drug Control for the period 1998-2008, the Prime Minister decides to implement the "Action Program to Prevent and Combat Drug Abuse for the Period 2001-2005".

Part I

OBJECTIVES OF THE ACTION PROGRAM TO PREVENT AND COMBAT DRUG ABUSE

COUNTERNARCOTICS

1. Emphasizing the principle that prevention is fundamental, mobilizing the entire population and military to struggle against drug abuse, first and foremost among students, young people, and officials and employees, solving the problem of drug addiction in schools; preventing the risk of drug abuse leading to HIV/AIDS infection. Organizing detoxification and post-detoxification management at home and in the community to reduce the number of drug addicts by 10-20% annually. Striving for the whole country to have 60% of communes and wards without drug addicts and drug-related crimes, and 70% of agencies, enterprises, and units without drug addicts by 2005.

2. Eradicating the basic area of drug-producing plants; developing alternative crop solutions to prevent the re-growth of drug-producing plants, integrating with other socio-economic development programs to gradually improve the living standards of people in mountainous, remote, and border areas.

3. Strengthening control measures to prevent illegal trafficking, transportation, and storage of drugs; preventing and stopping the infiltration of drugs from abroad; strictly punishing drug-related crimes; completely eliminating drug-selling points and organizations using drugs illegally. Enhancing strict management of addictive pharmaceuticals; closely monitoring precursor chemicals to prevent illegal drug production.

4. Continuing to perfect the legal system for preventing and combating drug abuse; intensifying education and wide-ranging propaganda among the people about the harms of drugs and preventive measures.

5. Enhancing international cooperation in preventing and combating drug abuse with neighboring countries, ASEAN member states, other countries, non-governmental organizations worldwide, international organizations, and the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP).

Part 2

BUILDING AND IMPLEMENTING DRUG PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAMMES FOR THE 2001-2005 PERIOD

III. The First Programme: Information, Propaganda, and Education on Drug Prevention and Control

Organize extensive information, propaganda, and education on drug prevention and control throughout the country, particularly among students, young adults, teenagers, and drug addicts, to create a nationwide movement involving the entire Party, military, and people actively participating in the struggle against drugs.

1. Objectives:

- Coordinate various methods and forms of information dissemination (mass media, direct communication, and cultural and artistic activities) to bring about significant changes in the understanding of cadres and the public.

2. The remaining 60% shall be used to supplement the operating funds of units directly responsible for public debt management at the Ministry of Finance (outside the regular state budget allocation for ongoing operations as currently provided) for the purposes specified in Article 4 of this Decision.

- Based on the directives and resolutions of the Party and state laws concerning drug prevention and control, ensure comprehensive, regular but focused information dissemination that targets specific groups accurately.

- With the principle of preventive education being primary, emphasize the promotion of positive factors and exemplary cases, enhancing the responsibility of all levels, sectors, and society in drug prevention and control work.

- Integrate drug prevention and control information dissemination with the promotion of other economic and social programmes, especially the campaign "All People United for National Construction and Cultural Development".

- Vigorously disseminate information and propaganda on drug prevention and control in residential areas, socio-economic organizations, and among teenagers, students, and young adults, aiming to create a nationwide movement condemning, detecting, reporting, and participating in the struggle against drug-related crimes; organize rehabilitation and management of drug addicts at home and within communities.

- Incorporate drug prevention and control education into school curricula.

- Strengthen direct communication efforts; research, compile, and distribute materials on the harms of drugs and measures to prevent and control them, providing basic knowledge on drug prevention and control to the entire population.

3. Implementing Agencies:

The Ministry of Culture and Information shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in building and implementing the programme.

IV. The Second Programme: Eradicating and Replacing Illicit Drug Plants

Develop alternative crops to eradicate illicit drug plant cultivation fundamentally and prevent the re-emergence of such plants.

1. Objectives:

- Focus on directing the eradication and preventing the re-growth of opium and cannabis plants; block the entry of coca plants into Vietnam, with a priority on eradicating opium and developing alternative crops in three provinces: Lai Chau, Son La, and Nghe An; identify and effectively handle violations.

2. The remaining 60% shall be used to supplement the operating funds of units directly responsible for public debt management at the Ministry of Finance (outside the regular state budget allocation for ongoing operations as currently provided) for the purposes specified in Article 4 of this Decision.

- Integrate drug prevention and control actions with other economic and social development programmes to address the fundamental issue of re-emerging illicit drug plant cultivation, thereby alleviating poverty and stabilizing the lives of residents in ten provinces previously involved in such cultivation.

- Continue effectively implementing projects on economic and social development aimed at eradicating opium cultivation in Ky Son District (Nghe An Province); implement a project on economic and social development to replace opium cultivation in Song Ma District (Son La Province) to draw lessons and expand to other areas.

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development shall take the lead and coordinate with the Committee for Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas and relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in building and implementing the programme.

The Ministry of Culture and Information shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in building and implementing the programme.

V. The Third Programme: Struggle Against Drug Crimes and Control of Precursors

Prevent the illegal trafficking, storage, and transportation of drugs, especially synthetic drugs. Eliminate entirely the sale and use of illicit drugs, particularly in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and key areas.

1. Objectives:

- Mobilize the entire population to participate in preventing, detecting drug users, and reporting drug crimes; reform, educate, and rehabilitate drug offenders and users within families and communities.

2. The remaining 60% shall be used to supplement the operating funds of units directly responsible for public debt management at the Ministry of Finance (outside the regular state budget allocation for ongoing operations as currently provided) for the purposes specified in Article 4 of this Decision.

- Strictly manage the importation of drug precursors and raw materials containing drug substances. Enhance the capacity of agencies responsible for legally controlling drug substances. Implement precursor drug management projects.

- Leverage the core role of the People's Public Security forces, inter-sectoral special task forces against drugs; strengthen cooperation between Public Security, Customs, Border Guard, and Coast Guard forces according to the Government's coordination regulations to control drug smuggling at border crossings, borders, ports, airports, international waters, etc.

- Detect, investigate, and stop drug trafficking networks and organizations (opium, heroin, stimulant drugs, amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), methamphetamine, and ecstasy). Completely eliminate small-scale drug sales and illegal drug use organizations in key areas, especially in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong, Lang Son, Nghe An, Quang Ninh, Tay Ninh, and border areas, international airports, and seaports.

- Closely monitor the sale, export, and transport of chemicals that can be used to produce drugs. Destroy illegal drug production facilities and cooperate with other countries in dismantling drug production facilities in border areas between Vietnam and neighboring countries.

- Enhance the capacity of law enforcement agencies responsible for drug control, specialized units of Public Security, and training institutions for drug prevention and control personnel at Police Academies, Customs, and Border Guard Forces under the Ministry of Defense and the Anti-Drug Crime Police Force under the Ministry of Public Security.

- Enhance the capacity of forensic laboratories specializing in drug analysis under the Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Industry. Establish a National Center for Drug Analysis under the Ministry of Public Security and regional drug analysis centers in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City.

- Organize coordination among judicial, prosecution, and public security agencies to unify actions in investigating, prosecuting, and adjudicating drug-related cases.

- Coordinate among the sectors of the Courts, Procuratorate, and Police to unify actions in the investigation, prosecution, and adjudication of cases involving narcotics.

- Coordinating closely with the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Police (ASEANAPOL), and police forces of Southeast Asian countries in exchanging information, gathering intelligence, pursuing, and apprehending drug criminals.

- Continuing to improve the legal system for preventing and combating drugs, including: developing sub-legislative documents to guide the implementation of the Law on Prevention and Control of Drugs and the Penal Code (part on drug-related offenses) and so forth.

The Ministry of Culture and Information shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in building and implementing the programme.

The Ministry of Public Security shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in drafting and implementing the project.

IV. The fourth project: Strengthening and enhancing the effectiveness of drug rehabilitation work and post-rehabilitation management.

1. Objectives:

Organizing drug rehabilitation through all forms for over 100,000 current drug users under file control; minimizing to the lowest possible level the number of new drug users; ensuring that no new drug users emerge among students, university students, and state civil servants; reducing the rate of relapse into drug use to 60% by 2005.

2. The remaining 60% shall be used to supplement the operating funds of units directly responsible for public debt management at the Ministry of Finance (outside the regular state budget allocation for ongoing operations as currently provided) for the purposes specified in Article 4 of this Decision.

- Implementing diverse forms of drug rehabilitation suitable for each type of addict; strictly following the detoxification process; improving and perfecting the organizational model of drug rehabilitation, particularly community-based and family-based drug rehabilitation models. Socializing drug rehabilitation efforts. Enhancing material and technical infrastructure for drug rehabilitation centers. Establishing three regional drug rehabilitation centers managed by the People's Committees of Hanoi City, Ho Chi Minh City, and Nghe An Province to draw lessons from the operation of regional drug rehabilitation centers. Amending, supplementing, and perfecting the policy system in the field of rehabilitation, ensuring conditions to enhance the effectiveness of drug rehabilitation work.

- Strengthening and enhancing the effectiveness of drug rehabilitation. Organizing for local police officers, village security guards, retired officials, Communist Party members, Youth League members, Veterans' Association members, Women's Union members, and Farmers' Union members to accompany and manage former drug users to prevent relapse, reduce the number of drug users, and clean up the social environment in communes and wards. Drafting and promulgating the Circular of the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Public Security to guide drug rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation management uniformly nationwide.

The Ministry of Culture and Information shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in building and implementing the programme.

The Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in drafting and implementing the project.

V. The fifth project: organizing prevention and control of drugs in schools.

1. Objectives:

Basically resolving the problem of drug addiction in schools. Preventing drugs from re-infiltrating schools.

2. The remaining 60% shall be used to supplement the operating funds of units directly responsible for public debt management at the Ministry of Finance (outside the regular state budget allocation for ongoing operations as currently provided) for the purposes specified in Article 4 of this Decision.

- Preventing the evil of opium, heroin, amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), methamphetamine, ecstasy addiction among students and university students, especially in Hanoi City, Ho Chi Minh City, and other large cities.

- Strengthening education on prevention and control of drugs among students and university students; incorporating drug prevention and control education contents into the regular and extracurricular programs of teacher training institutions, various levels of education, and fields of study, aiming to ensure that all students have basic knowledge about drugs.

- Building mechanisms for students and university students to participate in preventing drug addiction and detecting and reporting drug-related crimes in schools; strictly managing to prevent the infiltration of drugs into dormitories of educational institutions.

- Organizing effectively the prevention and control of drugs in schools, with close coordination between the education and training sector, schools, public security organs, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, local authorities, parent associations, student associations, and student unions in preventing and controlling drugs, building drug-free schools.

The Ministry of Culture and Information shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in building and implementing the programme.

The Ministry of Education and Training shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in drafting and implementing the project.

VI. The sixth project: researching, deploying, and applying traditional medicine prescriptions and other medical measures in treating, rehabilitating drug addicts, and restoring their functions.

1. Objectives:

Leveraging traditional medicine and other medical measures to effectively treat, rehabilitate drug addicts, and restore their functions.

2. The remaining 60% shall be used to supplement the operating funds of units directly responsible for public debt management at the Ministry of Finance (outside the regular state budget allocation for ongoing operations as currently provided) for the purposes specified in Article 4 of this Decision.

- Evaluating the effectiveness of traditional medicine prescriptions and treatment methods for drug addiction and acupuncture methods for drug withdrawal approved by the Ministry of Health to highlight strengths and address shortcomings.

- Accelerating the research and evaluation of traditional medicine prescriptions to develop more effective drug rehabilitation support medications and methods.

- Organizing research and developing a detoxification process combining medication use with physiological, medical, educational, and physical labor measures.

The Ministry of Culture and Information shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in building and implementing the programme.

The Ministry of Health shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries and sectors in drafting and implementing the project.

VII. The seventh project: building drug-free villages, towns, market towns, agencies, and units.

1. Objectives:

Striving to achieve by the end of 2005, 60% of villages, towns, and market towns across the country free of drug users and drug offenders, and 70% of state agencies and units free of drug users.

2. The remaining 60% shall be used to supplement the operating funds of units directly responsible for public debt management at the Ministry of Finance (outside the regular state budget allocation for ongoing operations as currently provided) for the purposes specified in Article 4 of this Decision.

- Mobilizing and launching mass participation in detecting and reporting drug-related crimes and drug users; educating drug offenders and drug users within agencies and communities.

- Organizing commitments from People's Committees, Public Security Organs, the Fatherland Front, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the Vietnam Women's Union, the Vietnam Veterans' Association, the Vietnam Farmers' Union, agencies, and units regarding the construction of people's residential areas, villages, hamlets, orts, youth branches, schools, agencies, and units free of drug-related crimes and drug users; supplementing village, hamlet, ort, and branch regulations on drug prevention and control in village covenants.

- Linking the construction of drug-free villages, towns, and market towns with the implementation of the National Program on Crime Prevention at the local level and the movement "All People United for the Construction of a Cultural Life." Organizing the introduction and promotion of exemplary models of drug-free villages, towns, market towns, agencies, and units.

The Ministry of Culture and Information shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in building and implementing the programme.

The Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations to develop and implement the project.

VIII. Project Eight: Enhancing International Cooperation in Preventing and Combating Narcotics

1. Objectives:

Expand international cooperation, seek assistance from the United Nations, Interpol, and countries and non-governmental organizations worldwide and in the region to enhance the effectiveness of the fight against narcotics in Vietnam.

2. The remaining 60% shall be used to supplement the operating funds of units directly responsible for public debt management at the Ministry of Finance (outside the regular state budget allocation for ongoing operations as currently provided) for the purposes specified in Article 4 of this Decision.

- Develop, sign, and implement cooperation agreements on preventing and combating narcotics with other countries, primarily those sharing borders such as China, Laos, Cambodia, ASEAN countries, Australia, Southeast Asian countries, the United States, and Europe.

- Coordinate with the United Nations Narcotics Control Programme (UNDCP), governments of various countries, and non-governmental organizations to establish, mobilize funding sources, sign, implement, and manage international cooperation projects on preventing and combating narcotics (with attached appendices).

- Implement projects under the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on preventing and combating narcotics among the six countries in the Mekong Subregion (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, China, Myanmar, Thailand).

- Strengthen cooperation on preventing and combating narcotics within ASEAN (ASOD). Utilize effectively the drug information network of ASEAN police forces (ASEANAPOL).

- Enhance cooperation with the United Nations Narcotics Control Programme (UNDCP), Interpol, and the World Customs Organization (WCO) in the work of preventing, combating, and controlling narcotics.

- Fulfill Vietnam's obligations in participating in the three United Nations Narcotics Control Conventions of 1961, 1971, and 1988; propose that the President decide to participate in the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) in 2001.

- Actively participate in international conferences and seminars on preventing and combating narcotics; organize international cooperation in scientific research on preventing and combating narcotics; organize surveys, study tours, and experience exchanges with other countries on preventing and combating narcotics; strengthen international cooperation for training and capacity building for anti-narcotics personnel domestically.

The Ministry of Culture and Information shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations in building and implementing the programme.

The Ministry of Public Security shall take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations to develop and implement the project.

Part Three

IMPLEMENTATION

I. Organization - Management

The Action Program on Preventing and Combating Narcotics for the period 2001-2005 includes many projects and needs to be implemented in a coordinated manner, requiring close and regular coordination among sectors, levels, mass organizations, and active participation from the entire population. Relevant ministries and sectors directly responsible must organize and guide the effective implementation of the aforementioned projects with specific tasks as follows:

1. Ministry of Public Security: serves as the permanent body for preventing and combating narcotics; takes the lead in organizing and directing the implementation of inter-ministerial programs and plans on preventing and combating narcotics nationwide; leads and coordinates with customs, border guard, and coast guard agencies in inspecting, controlling, and fighting drug-related crimes throughout the country; leads in developing and implementing projects on drug control and fighting drug-related crimes; coordinates with foreign police and anti-drug agencies in combating international drug-related crimes; directs uniformly forensic examination of drugs from central to local levels; coordinates with ministries and sectors in anti-drug work, post-rehabilitation management at commune and ward levels; provides drug rehabilitation for prisoners serving sentences in prisons, individuals undergoing education and reform at educational centers and schools under the Ministry of Public Security’s management, and drug addicts in temporary detention centers and holding facilities.

2. Ministry of Labor, Invalids, and Social Affairs: directs and manages uniformly the organization of drug rehabilitation and coordinates with relevant sectors and levels to address social issues after rehabilitation suitable for each type of individual and local conditions; organizes education, vocational training, job creation, and community reintegration for rehabilitated individuals; coordinates in directing the implementation of drug rehabilitation projects and regional rehabilitation centers.

3. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development: leads and coordinates with relevant ministries and sectors in guiding, supervising, and inspecting the eradication and replacement of narcotic plant cultivation linked to socio-economic development programs of each locality; studies and proposes mechanisms and policies to support mountainous ethnic groups and structural changes in production in areas where narcotic plants have been eradicated; leads in implementing projects to replace narcotic plants and prevent their re-cultivation.

4. Committee for Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas: coordinates with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in guiding the transition from narcotic plant cultivation to alternative crops in mountainous regions; coordinates with relevant ministries, sectors, and localities in guiding anti-drug efforts in mountainous areas and ethnic minority regions.

5. Ministry of Health: directs research and management of drug production and detoxification methods; organizes medical examinations and treatments for drug addicts at treatment facilities or in communities; manages and controls the use of opium, other narcotics, and precursor chemicals used in pharmaceutical production and scientific research according to state regulations.

6. Ministry of Industry: promulgates lists and regulations on managing precursor chemicals used in industry and implements these regulations.

7. Ministry of Education and Training: directs the inclusion of drug prevention education in school curricula; leads in intensifying drug prevention efforts among students and trainees; leads in implementing international cooperation projects on drug prevention education in schools.

8. Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism: directs uniformly information dissemination, propaganda, and broad-based education among all strata of society about the harms of narcotics and measures to prevent and combat them through various media and cultural forms; develops plans for coordinated integration of information dissemination, propaganda, and education on drug prevention with other economic and social programs.

9. Ministry of Finance: ensure sufficient and timely funding from the State budget for the annual expenditure plan for ministries, sectors, mass organizations, localities in accordance with the objectives and tasks of the Action Program on Prevention and Control of Narcotics; inspect and supervise the use and settlement of accounts for such funds in accordance with current financial regulations.

10. Ministry of Planning and Investment: coordinate with the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Public Security, and relevant ministries and sectors to develop the annual state budget estimate for drug prevention and control work, while mobilizing domestic and foreign resources to serve this work.

11. General Department of Customs: direct customs forces to cooperate with public security forces, border guard forces, and maritime police to monitor narcotics and precursor chemicals at national and international border gates, seaports, and international airports.

12. Ministry of National Defense: direct people's armed forces, primarily border guards and maritime police, to closely cooperate with public security forces and customs in monitoring the trafficking and transportation of narcotics and precursor narcotics across borders and at sea; participate with relevant forces in eliminating opium and cannabis cultivation areas; implement international cooperation obligations on narcotics control according to signed agreements with countries.

13. Ministry of Justice: coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations to perfect the system of legal normative documents on drug prevention and control, participate in drafting laws on drug prevention and control; organize legal education on drug prevention and control among the people.

14. Ministry of Foreign Affairs: coordinate with relevant ministries and sectors to strengthen international cooperation on drug prevention and control; draft and implement international agreements and accords on drug prevention and control with countries and international organizations.

15. Vietnam National Committee for Child Protection and Care: coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and mass organizations to organize the prevention and control of drug abuse among children.

16. Request the Supreme People's Procuracy and the Supreme People's Court to coordinate with the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of National Defense, the General Department of Customs, and relevant ministries and sectors in directing efforts to enhance investigation, prosecution, trial, and enforcement of sentences in drug-related cases.

17. Request the Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front, the Vietnam General Confederation of Labor, the Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the Central Committee of the Vietnam Women's Union, the Vietnam Veterans Association, the Vietnam Farmers' Association, the Vietnam Students' Association, and other political-social mass organizations to strengthen organization and direction of member organizations in conducting drug prevention and control education in communities, among workers and civil servants, students, and within families; link drug prevention and control with HIV/AIDS prevention, crime prevention, and prostitution control.

18. Provincial People's Committees under the central government shall be responsible for directing the implementation of drug prevention and control tasks in their respective localities.

II. Funding Implementation

The funding for implementing the program will be raised from: the central budget, local budgets, community contributions, and international aid.

Annually, the Government shall submit to the National Assembly for decision on allocating funding from the State budget for drug prevention and control work.

Drug prevention and control funding must be effectively managed and utilized at both the central and local levels.

The National Committee for AIDS Prevention and Control and Drug and Prostitution Prevention and Control shall assist the Prime Minister in directing the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Planning and Investment to prepare annual estimates, phase-by-phase, and guide the use of funds to implement the Action Program on Prevention and Control of Narcotics for the period 2001-2005.

Ministries, sectors, and provincial people's committees under the central government shall base their work programs on the Action Program on Prevention and Control of Narcotics for the period 2001-2005 to establish their own prevention and control programs, allocate part of their budgets to implement anti-drug plans, and regularly report results to the Chairman of the National Committee for AIDS Prevention and Control and Drug and Prostitution Prevention and Control.