Decree No. 15/2026/TT-BTC Guiding Accounting Principles for Organizations Participating in the Market of Cryptocurrency Assets in Vietnam

CIRCULAR
Guidance on Accounting Principles for Organizations Participating in the Market of Cryptographic Assets in Vietnam

Based on Law on Accounting No. 88/2015/QH13, amended and supplemented by Law No. 56/2024/QH15;

Based on Law on Digital Industry No. 71/2025/QH15;

Based on Resolution No. 52-NQ/TW of the Central Committee dated September 27, 2019, on some guidelines and policies to proactively participate in the Fourth Industrial Revolution;

Based on Resolution No. 57-NQ/TW of the Central Committee dated December 22, 2024, on breakthroughs in scientific research, technology, innovation, and digital transformation to achieve national vision by 2045;

Based on Resolution No. 05/2025/NQ-CP of the Government dated September 9, 2025, on implementing a pilot market for cryptographic assets in Vietnam;

Based on Decree No. 29/2025/NĐ-CP of the Government dated February 24, 2025, on functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Finance, amended and supplemented by Decree No. 166/2025/NĐ-CP;

In accordance with the request of the Director of the Department of Accounting Supervision and Audit;

The Minister of Finance promulgates this Circular to guide accounting principles for organizations participating in the market of cryptographic assets in Vietnam.

Article 1. Scope of Application

1. This Circular guides accounting principles for organizations participating in the market of cryptographic assets in Vietnam during the pilot implementation as provided and within the scope of Resolution No. 05/2025/NQ-CP dated September 9, 2025, of the Government on implementing a pilot market for cryptographic assets in Vietnam (hereinafter referred to as Resolution No. 05/2025/NQ-CP).

2. This Circular does not apply to determining lease obligations of organizations participating in the market of cryptographic assets in Vietnam with respect to state budget.

Article 2. Applicability

This Circular applies to organizations providing services related to cryptographic assets, organizations issuing cryptographic assets, and domestic investors who are organizations established and operating in accordance with Vietnamese law and participate in the market of cryptographic assets in Vietnam.

Article 3. Definitions of Terms

The terms used in this Circular shall be understood according to Resolution No. 05/2025/NQ-CP, and where not specifically defined, they shall be understood based on the economic substance of transactions for accounting purposes.

Article 4. General Principles of Accounting Recording, Preparation, and Presentation of Financial Statements

1. Organizations providing services related to cryptographic assets, organizations issuing cryptographic assets, and domestic investors must comply with all provisions of the Law on Accounting, Vietnamese accounting standards, enterprise accounting systems, and relevant market regulations for cryptographic assets.

2. Organizations providing services related to cryptographic assets, organizations issuing cryptographic assets, and domestic investors shall record accounting transactions in accordance with the Enterprise Accounting System issued as an annex to Circular No. 99/2025/TT-BTC dated October 27, 2025, of the Minister of Finance, and other provisions set forth herein for bookkeeping, preparation, and presentation of financial statements.

3. In case organizations issuing cryptographic assets or domestic investors are enterprises or organizations applying a separate accounting system, they shall continue to apply such systems and the provisions herein for recording, bookkeeping, preparation, and presentation of financial statements.

Article 5. Guidance on Accounting Principles for Organisations Providing Cryptocurrency Services

1. An organisation providing cryptocurrency services shall recognize revenue from providing market trading service, cryptocurrency custody, and cryptocurrency issuance platform into the account "Sales Revenue and Service Provision".

Sales revenue and service provision must be detailedly monitored for each type of service, operational activities of the cryptocurrency service provider organization. The cryptocurrency service provider organization must classify, monitor, and detail accounting of receivables to take timely measures for recovery, and establish provisions for difficult-to-recover receivables in accordance with the law.

2. For the custody activity:

a) An organisation providing cryptocurrency services shall be responsible for managing and separately accounting for customers' funds and cryptocurrencies from its own funds and cryptocurrencies. At the same time, it must detailly monitor funds and cryptocurrencies according to each customer object and type of cryptocurrency.

b) Customers' cryptocurrencies held by the cryptocurrency service provider organization are not recognized as assets of the organisation but are detailedly monitored to meet management requirements and financial statement disclosure needs.

c) The cryptocurrency service provider organization must detailly monitor the "Customer Receivables" account for each member custodian according to each object, content of receivables, and payment.

d) An organisation providing cryptocurrency services shall recognize revenue from fees for custody services, management fees for customers' cryptocurrencies, services in exercising rights, transferring cryptocurrencies to customers, securities margin management services, and other custody service revenues.

3. For the self-operating activity of cryptocurrency:

a) An organisation providing cryptocurrency services shall record revenues and expenses from self-operating cryptocurrency activities similar to stock trading business operations. Such similarity is for accounting purposes only and does not equate cryptocurrencies with securities.

b) The cryptocurrency service provider organization must detailly monitor the types of self-operated cryptocurrencies held by the organization, fully and timely account for revenues from self-operating cryptocurrency activities.

c) The cryptocurrency service provider organization shall establish provisions for risks related to self-operating cryptocurrency activities similar to risk provisions in stock self-operation activities of securities companies.

Article 6. Guidance on Accounting Principles for Organisations Issuing Cryptocurrencies

An organisation issuing cryptocurrencies shall conduct sales and issuance of cryptocurrencies through the cryptocurrency issuance platform based on the nature of obligations arising from issued cryptocurrencies, and the purpose of holding such cryptocurrencies to account appropriately. If cryptocurrencies have a fundraising nature, they should be accounted for similarly to enterprise borrowing activities.

Article 7. Guidance on Accounting Principles for Investors

Domestic investors participating in investment on the cryptocurrency trading platform of an organisation providing cryptocurrency services may conduct cryptocurrency purchase and sale activities, accounting similar to financial investment activities based on their investment purpose and holding cryptocurrencies to account appropriately.

Article 8. Scope of Application and Implementation

1. This Circular shall take effect from the date of issuance and apply to the fiscal year 2026 until such time as a revised or supplementary legal provision is promulgated.

In the event that any legal provisions cited in this Circular are amended, supplemented, or replaced, implementation shall be carried out in accordance with the new amended, supplemented, or replaced provision.

2. The Director of the Department of Accounting Management and Supervision; the Chairman of the Securities Commission; the General Director (Director) of the organization providing cryptocurrency services, the organization issuing cryptocurrency assets, domestic investors, and the heads of relevant units shall be responsible for implementing this Circular.

3. In the course of implementation, in case of difficulties or obstacles, timely feedback is requested to the Ministry of Finance for study and resolution.

Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam;

Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers;

Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and its departments;

Office of the General Secretary's Office;

Office of the National Assembly;

Ethnic Affairs Committee and other Committees of the National Assembly;

Office of the President;

Vietnam Fatherland Front Central Committee;

Supreme People's Court;

Supreme People's Procuratorate;

National Audit Office;

State Bank of Vietnam;

Central Organs of Mass Organizations;

Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption and Anti-Vice;

Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry;

People's Committees of Provinces and Municipalities Directly Under the Central Government;

Vietnamese Accounting and Auditing Association;

Vietnamese Institute of Certified Public Accountants;

Vietnamese Blockchain and Digital Asset Association;

Gazette:

Official Website of the Government Information;

National Legal Database;

Official Website of the Ministry of Finance;

Units under and directly subordinate to the Ministry of Finance;

VT (02 copies), Department of Accounting Management and Supervision (30 copies).