Resolution No. 81/2023/QH15 on the National Master Plan for the period 2021-2023, with a vision to 2050

RESOLUTION

On the National Master Plan for the Period 2021-2023, with Vision to 2050

OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Pursuant toThe Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;

Pursuant toLaw on Organization of the National Assembly No. 57/2014/QH13 has been amended and supplemented with some articles pursuant to Law No.65/2020/QH14;

Pursuant toLaw on Planning No. 21/2017/QH14;

Based on Resolution No.61/2022/QH15 dated June 16, 2022 of the National Assembly on further strengthening the effectiveness of implementing policies and laws on planning and some solutions to remove difficulties, obstacles, accelerate progress in drafting and improve the quality of planning during the period 2021-2030;

After considering the Report No. 506/TTr-CP dated December 27, 2022 of the Government on the National Master Plan for the Period 2021-2030, with Vision to 2050; the Report No. 1539/BC-UBKT15 dated January 4, 2023 of the Economic Committee of the National Assembly reviewing the Planning File of the National Master Plan for the Period 2021-2030, with Vision to 2050; the Report No. 399/BC-UBTVQH15 dated January 8, 2023 of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly on incorporating, revising and explaining the opinions of National Assembly deputies regarding the National Master Plan for the Period 2021-2030, with Vision to 2050 and the opinions of the deputies;

RESOLUTION:

Article 1. Name and scope of the plan

1. Name of the plan: The National Master Plan for the Period 2021-2030, with Vision to 2050.

2. Scope of the plan: the entire mainland territory, islands, archipelagos, underground space, maritime areas, and airspace of Vietnam.

Article 2. Development viewpoints, vision, objectives, and key tasks during the planning period

1. Development viewpoint and organization of spatial development during the period 2021-2030

a) Development viewpoint

- Comprehensive, rapid, and sustainable development mainly based on science, technology, innovation, digital transformation, green transition, and circular economy.

- Maximizing the advantages of the country, regions, and localities; harmonious development between economy, culture, society, environmental protection, adaptation to climate change, and ensuring national defense and security.

- Reform and improving the quality of the socialist-oriented market economy system fully, synchronously, modernly, integrated, and effectively enforcing laws are the prerequisite conditions for promoting national development. The market plays a major role in mobilizing, allocating, and using resources efficiently. Rapid and balanced development of various economic sectors and types of enterprises; truly developing the private sector as a significant driving force for the economy.

- Inspiring the aspiration for prosperous and happy development of the country, the will to self-reliance, and maximizing the strength of the great unity of the people. Maximizing human factors, taking humans as the center, subject, resource, and goal of development; all policies must aim at improving the material and spiritual life and happiness of the people; viewing culture as a pillar for sustainable development, taking Vietnamese cultural values as the foundation and important internal strength to ensure sustainable development.

- Building an independent and self-reliant economy must be based on mastering technology and actively integrating internationally, diversifying markets, enhancing adaptability, and resilience of the economy. Forming national production capacity to participate effectively and improve positions in global value chains. Leveraging internal strengths is fundamental, strategic, and long-term, being the decisive factor; external forces and the power of the era are important and breakthrough factors.

b) Viewpoint on organizing spatial development

- National spatial development must be organized effectively and consistently nationwide, ensuring regional, inter-regional, and international connectivity linked with exploiting comparative advantages of the country, each region, and locality to mobilize, allocate, and use resources efficiently, enhancing national competitiveness.

- Developing with focus and priority in certain areas with favorable geographical locations, economic and social infrastructure, high-quality human resources, and other potential advantages for development to form growth poles, economic corridors, growth centers, creating a spillover effect to promote rapid, efficient, and sustainable national economic development; while having appropriate mechanisms, policies, and resources suitable to the economic conditions to ensure social welfare, provide public services for difficult areas, especially healthcare and education services, gradually narrowing the development gap with more favorable areas.

- Using natural resources efficiently and thriftily, particularly land, water, forest, marine, and mineral resources; ensuring energy security, food security, water security; developing green and circular economies; protecting the environment, conserving nature, and enhancing biodiversity quality; proactively preventing and combating natural disasters, adapting to climate change.

- Organizing national spatial development, regions, economic corridors, urban systems must be linked with developing a synchronized infrastructure system, gradually modernizing, and harmoniously developing urban and rural areas.

- National spatial development organization must connect the mainland area with maritime space; managing, exploiting, and using underground space, maritime areas, and airspace effectively. Exploiting digital resources and digital space effectively. Paying attention to connecting domestic economic corridors with those of the region and internationally. Closely combining and harmonizing economic, cultural, and social development with firmly safeguarding national independence, sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, and reinforcing and enhancing national defense and security capabilities.

2. Vision to 2050

As a developed, high-income country with a fully established, integrated, modern socialist-oriented market economy, a just, democratic, and civilized society; social governance based on a complete digital society platform. The economy operates according to the methods of digital economy, green economy, circular economy; science, technology, and innovation are the main drivers of growth. Vietnam belongs to the group of leading industrialized countries in the Asia region; it is a regional and international financial center; developing high-value ecological agricultural economies among the world's top groups. Vietnam becomes a strong maritime nation, a regional economic maritime center of the Asia-Pacific; actively and responsibly participating in addressing international and regional issues related to the sea and oceans.

Citizens enjoy high-quality social services; a sustainable social security system; diverse and professional social assistance services, promptly supporting and protecting vulnerable groups. Good cultural values and national identity are preserved and promoted, unified in diversity; the cultural industry develops strongly, creating branded, reputable, and influential cultural products and services in the region and internationally.

A synchronized, modern infrastructure system that effectively adapts to rising sea levels and the impacts of climate change. Development areas are harmonious, sustainable, and efficiently exploit potential strengths.

An interconnected urban system forming a synchronized, unified network capable of resisting and adapting to climate change, featuring distinctive architecture, rich in national identity, green, civilized, modern, and smart. At least five cities at par with international standards are built, playing a role as key connectors and drivers for regional and international urban networks.

Modern rural areas with living conditions approaching those of cities, a green, clean, beautiful environment rich in ethnic cultural identity.

Good environmental quality, a society in harmony with nature, developing efficiently towards low-carbon development; striving to achieve the national net-zero emissions target by 2050 as quickly as possible. Disaster forecasting, warning, climate change monitoring, and risk management capabilities are equivalent to those of developed countries.

During the period from 2031 to 2050, striving for an average annual GDP growth rate of about 6.5 to 7.5%. By 2050, the GDP per capita at current prices will reach approximately $27,000 to $32,000, the urbanization rate will be 70 to 75%, the Human Development Index (HDI) will reach 0.8 or higher, people's lives will be happy, and national defense and security will be firmly guaranteed.

3. Development goals by 2030

a) General Objective

Striving to become a developing country with modern industry, high-middle income, economic growth based on a foundation of science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation; an effective, unified, sustainable national spatial development model, forming dynamic regions, economic corridors, growth poles, with a synchronized, modern basic infrastructure network; ensuring major balances, enhancing the resilience of the economy; ensuring energy security, food security, and water resource security; protecting the ecological environment, adapting to climate change; comprehensively developing human resources, improving the material and spiritual life of the people; ensuring national defense and security; enhancing Vietnam's position and reputation on the international stage;

b) Specific targets and indicators

- Regarding the economy: striving for an average annual GDP growth rate of about 7.0% during the period from 2021 to 2030. By 2030, the GDP per capita at current prices will reach approximately $7,500. The share of the service sector in GDP will exceed 50%, the industry-construction sector over 40%, and the agriculture-forestry-fisheries sector under 10%. The average annual growth rate of labor productivity will exceed 6.5%. The contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) to growth will exceed 50%.

Leveraging the advantages of each socio-economic region; focusing on developing two dynamic regions in the North and South, linked with two growth poles being Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the North-South economic corridor, the Lao Cai-Hanoi-Hai Phong-Quang Ninh economic corridor, and the Mo Cay-Ho Chi Minh City-Bien Hoa-Vung Tau economic corridor with a synchronized, modern infrastructure network, high growth rates, and significant contributions to the country's overall development.

Sustainable urban development in a network; the urbanization rate exceeding 50%; striving for 3 to 5 cities at par with regional and international standards. Building新农村现代化，全面、可持续发展并与城市化相连接；力争90%以上的乡达到新农村标准，其中50%的乡达到提升的新农村标准。

强力推进数字基础设施和数据基础设施建设，为国家数字化转型奠定基础，发展数字政府、数字经济和社会；数字经济占GDP比重达到约30%。

- 社会方面：保持稳定的人口替代率（平均每位生育年龄妇女生育2.1个孩子）；人口规模达到约1亿零500万。人类发展指数维持在0.7以上。平均寿命达到75岁，其中健康生活年限至少为68年。农业劳动力占社会总劳动力的比例下降到低于20%。提高就业质量，保持合理的失业率。城市人均居住面积达到32平方米。²城市人均绿地面积达到约8至10平方米。²城市建设用地中交通用地比例达到约16至26%。

发展越南教育体系达到区域领先水平，在亚洲拥有最好大学系统的10个国家之一；大学生比例达到每万人260人。接受过培训并获得文凭或证书的劳动力比例达到35至40%。

Enhance the quality of healthcare services to be on par with advanced countries in the region. Develop a national healthcare network to meet the requirements for health care, protection, and improvement of the entire population's health, aiming towards fairness, quality, efficiency, and international integration. By 2030, achieve 35 hospital beds and 19 doctors per 10,000 people; the proportion of private hospital beds should reach 15%.

Build a healthy cultural environment in various aspects of social life. Develop a national cultural infrastructure to ensure the effective fulfillment of tasks related to preserving and promoting the value of national cultural identity, promoting the development of the cultural industry. Strive for 100% of provincial administrative units to have three types of cultural institutions: cultural centers or cultural-art centers, museums, and libraries.

- Regarding the environment: stabilize forest coverage at 42%; improve forest quality, increase the area of natural conservation zones; protect and restore important natural ecosystems, enhance biodiversity quality; the area of marine and coastal conservation zones should reach 3-5% of the total national sea area; the area of terrestrial natural conservation zones should reach 3 million hectares.

The rate of urban household solid waste collected and treated according to standards and regulations should reach 95%, of which the rate of treatment through circular economy models should be approximately 50%; the rate of rural household solid waste collected and treated according to standards and regulations should reach 90%; the rate of urban household solid waste directly landfilled should decrease to 10% compared to the amount of waste collected; the recycling rate of organic waste should reach 100% in urban areas and 70% in rural areas. The rate of hazardous waste collection, transportation, and treatment according to standards and regulations should reach 98%, of which the rate of medical waste treatment should reach 100%. The rate of wastewater treatment and reuse in river basins should exceed 70%. Implement measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in various sectors to strive to achieve the national goal of net-zero emissions by 2050 as quickly as possible.

- Regarding infrastructure development: establish the basic framework of the national infrastructure system, including north-south highway axes (the North-South Expressway in the eastern part, some sections of the North-South Expressway in the western part, coastal roads), east-west transportation axes, striving to have about 5,000 kilometers of expressways; gateway seaports with international transshipment functions, major international airports, railway lines connecting with large seaports, urban railways; strive to build some sections of high-speed rail on the North-South axis; develop energy infrastructure, information technology infrastructure, large cities, water conservancy infrastructure, environmental protection, disaster prevention and control, adaptation to climate change. Minimize logistics costs.

- Regarding national defense and security: firmly safeguard national independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity; closely integrate and harmonize economic, cultural, and social development with national defense and security consolidation; maintain a peaceful and stable political environment, ensuring social order and safety.

4. Key tasks during the planning period

a) Establish the basic framework of the national infrastructure system, focusing on transportation infrastructure, urban infrastructure, rural infrastructure, energy infrastructure, digital infrastructure, cultural and social infrastructure, water conservancy infrastructure, environmental protection, disaster prevention and control, adaptation to climate change;

b) Vigorously restructure the economy in conjunction with transforming the growth model based on improving productivity, applying scientific and technological progress, and innovation. Prioritize developing certain industries and fields with potential, advantages, and significant room for growth, linked to new development spaces;

c) Develop key economic regions and national growth poles to form leading engines for national development. Select certain areas, cities, and regions with special advantages to build economic, financial centers, and special administrative-economic units with distinctive mechanisms, policies, and systems that are innovative and competitive internationally. At the same time, implement appropriate mechanisms, policies, and resources to ensure social welfare and gradually develop ethnic minority and mountainous regions, border areas, and islands, contributing to political stability and maintaining national defense and security;

d) Form and develop economic corridors along the north-south axis, east-west economic corridors, and coastal economic belts; effectively connect seaports, airports, international border gates, major trading hubs, cities, economic centers, and growth poles; effectively connect with regional and global economic corridors. Develop industrial, urban, and service belts in key economic regions and large cities.

Article 3. Orientation for Economic and Social Spatial Development

1. Economic and Social Regions, Development Orientation, and Regional Linkage

a) Economic and Social Regions

Organize the country's development space into six economic and social regions; establish a model for regional organization and coordination mechanisms to implement intra-regional linkage and promote inter-regional linkage, enhancing the effectiveness of resource utilization.

- The Northern Midland and Mountain Region, comprising 14 provinces: Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Bac Giang, Phu Tho, Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan, Tuyen Quang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Lai Chau, Son La, Dien Bien, and Hoa Binh.

- The Red River Delta Region, comprising 11 provinces and centrally-administered municipalities: Hanoi, Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Vinh Phuc, Bac Ninh, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, Ha Nam, Ninh Binh, and Quang Ninh.

- The North Central Coast and South Central Coast Region, comprising 14 provinces and centrally-administered municipalities: Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, and Binh Thuan.

- The Central Highlands Region, comprising 5 provinces: Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, and Lam Dong.

- The Southeast Region, comprising 6 provinces and centrally-administered municipalities: Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, and Tay Ninh.

- The Mekong Delta region, comprising 13 centrally governed provinces and cities: Can Tho, Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Vinh Long, An Giang, Dong Thap, Kien Giang, Hau Giang, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, and Ca Mau;

- The midland and mountainous northern region: striving to achieve an average annual growth rate of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of about 8 - 9%. Developing the region towards green, sustainable, and comprehensive growth. Concentrating on protecting natural forests, special-use forests, upstream protective forests, restoring forests while ensuring water security and promoting sustainable forestry economic development, improving the living standards of forest workers. Exploiting and using mineral resources effectively. Developing processing and manufacturing industries, energy; high-tech agriculture, organic farming, specialty products, expanding areas of fruit trees, medicinal plants. Developing border gate economies. Forming tourism centers with distinctive products of the region.

Forming and developing intra-regional and inter-regional economic corridors, connecting regions with major economic centers in the Red River Delta; focusing on building the Northern Industrial Belt from Bac Giang through Thai Nguyen to Vinh Phuc and Phu Tho to become a driving force for regional growth. Building expressways, roads connecting localities to expressways, border ring roads, and important national highways connecting localities within the region. Studying investment and upgrading some airports in the region. Building railway lines from Lao Cai and Lang Son to Hanoi and Hai Phong.

- The Red River Delta region: striving to achieve an average annual GRDP growth rate of about 9%. Building the Red River Delta into a leading growth driver, playing a guiding role in restructuring the economy and transforming the growth model of the country. Focusing on developing modern industrial and service sectors: electronics, software production, artificial intelligence, automobile manufacturing, supporting industries, commercial services, logistics, finance, banking, tourism, telecommunications, high-quality education, specialized healthcare. Developing the region into a modern service center in Southeast Asia. Leveraging its role as a leading national hub for high-quality human resource training, concentrating on establishing several advanced training fields at regional and world levels. Establishing innovation and creativity centers, leading in scientific and technological development. Developing high-tech agriculture, clean, organic farming serving urban areas. Developing satellite towns to reduce pressure on large cities; using land resources efficiently and sustainably. Promoting sustainable marine economy growth towards green growth, biodiversity conservation, and marine ecosystems; continuing to build the Haiphong - Quang Ninh area into a modern, internationally leading marine economic center in Southeast Asia. Hanoi becoming a global city, on par with developed capital cities in the region and worldwide.

Developing intra-regional and inter-regional economic corridors, connecting with the midland and mountainous northern region, the North-South economic corridor within the region; developing the Gulf of Tonkin Economic Belt (Quang Ninh - Hai Phong - Thai Binh - Nam Dinh - Ninh Binh). Building expressways connecting Hanoi with localities within and outside the region, coastal roads, Ring Road 4, and Ring Road 5 around the capital city of Hanoi. Studying the construction of new railway lines from Hanoi connecting major seaports and international border gates; a second airport for the Hanoi Capital Region.

- The North Central Coast and South Central Coast region: striving to achieve an average annual GRDP growth rate of about 7 - 7.5%. Vigorously developing the marine economy combined with ensuring national defense and security. Enhancing the efficiency of port systems, coastal economic zones, and industrial parks; developing oil refining, metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, agricultural, forestry, and seafood processing industries, renewable energy; establishing logistics service centers. Developing island and sea tourism, ecological tourism, and cultural-historical tourism. Strengthening aquaculture, fishing, and seafood processing, service infrastructure for fisheries. Enhancing capacity for disaster prevention and response, proactively coping effectively with climate change. Building the coastal area of Thanh Hoa - Nghe An - Ha Tinh into a regional and national industrial development center.

Building a synchronized and modern transportation network, linked with the formation of the North-South economic corridor passing through the region and East-West economic corridors connecting international border gates, major cities, and seaports. Building expressways connecting with the Central Highlands.

- The Central Highlands region: striving to achieve an average annual GRDP growth rate of about 7 - 7.5%. Protecting natural forests, special-use forests, and upstream protective forests while ensuring water security. Developing efficient agriculture suitable in scale and adaptable to climate change; enhancing the effectiveness of cash crop cultivation, expanding areas of fruit trees, medicinal plants, vegetables, and flowers. Developing forestry economy, improving the living standards of forest workers. Vigorously developing processing industries for agricultural and forestry products, renewable energy; sustainably developing bauxite mining, alumina processing, aluminum production. Developing eco-tourism, resort tourism, and cultural tourism tied to preserving and promoting the values and ethnic cultures of the Central Highlands.

Developing economic corridors connecting the Central Highlands with Southeastern Vietnam, East-West economic corridors linking the Central Highlands with the South Central Coast region. Building a network of expressways and upgrading the internal transportation network, roads connecting with localities in Southeastern Vietnam, southern Laos, and northeastern Cambodia. Studying the construction of railway lines through the Central Highlands.

- Southeastern Region: strive for an average annual GDP growth rate of about 8-8.5%. Building Southeastern Region into a dynamic development area with high economic growth rates, the largest growth driver in the country; a center for science, technology, innovation, high-tech industry, logistics, and a highly competitive international financial center; leading in model transformation, digital transformation. Develop modern industrial zones - service areas - urban areas and high-tech industrial zones. Establish new large-scale concentrated information technology zones, forming a driving force for the information technology industry, attracting investment in production of electrical, electronic products, Internet of Things (IoT) products, artificial intelligence. Vigorously develop marine economy, port logistics services, oil and gas extraction and processing industries, oil and gas-related services, and marine tourism. Enhance the efficiency of industrial crop, fruit tree cultivation, and concentrated animal husbandry linked with product processing and branding, promoting the application of advanced technology. Cultural, social, educational, training, and healthcare sectors should develop at the top level nationwide. Develop several large universities focusing on key areas capable of training human resources for socio-economic development, reaching advanced levels, among the top in Asia. Develop cultural industry, high-quality entertainment service centers with regional and international standards. Address environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and flooding issues fundamentally.

Create impetus for linkage and dissemination to promote cooperation and development along the North-South Economic Corridor, the Central Highlands-Eastern Economic Corridor. Develop the industrial-urban chain Moc Bai - Ho Chi Minh City - Cai Mep - Thi Vai Seaport connected with the Trans-Asian Economic Corridor. Construct expressways connecting Ho Chi Minh City with localities within and outside the region, including Ring Road 3 and Ring Road 4 of Ho Chi Minh City. Build railway lines connecting urban centers to seaports and international airports. Construct, put into operation, and exploit Long Thanh International Airport.

- Mekong Delta Region: strive for an average annual GDP growth rate of about 6.5-7%. Develop the Mekong Delta Region into a sustainable, dynamic, and highly efficient agricultural economic center of the country, region, and world. Focus on developing commercial agriculture, modern, large-scale production linked with processing industries and brand building; transform main product structures towards reducing rice and increasing fruits and seafood; flexibly and effectively utilize agricultural land. Establish a national startup and innovation center for agriculture in the region. Develop green industry, renewable energy; pay attention to developing processing industries for agriculture and seafood, industries serving agriculture, and supporting industries. Develop the Mekong Delta into an international brand for agricultural, rural, ecological, and marine tourism. Proactively adapt to climate change and rising sea levels; construct water reservoirs and study measures and works for water storage in rivers, canals, and streams; prevent and control erosion, salinity intrusion; protect mangrove ecosystems. Along the North-South Economic Corridor, focus on developing the Can Tho-Long An section as the economic-urban-industrial driving force of the region. Form and develop some East-West Economic Corridors. Strengthen infrastructure investment to connect the region with Ho Chi Minh City and the Southeastern Region; invest in coastal roads through provinces; develop inland waterway infrastructure, seaports, and logistics infrastructure; upgrade major channels, including maritime channels for large vessels.

2. Develop driving regions and national growth poles

a) Northern Driving Region

Develop the northern driving region, including Hanoi city and district-level areas along National Highway 5 and National Highway 18 through Bac Ninh, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Haiphong city, and Quang Ninh provinces, with Hanoi city as the growth pole. After 2030, continue to expand the scope of the driving region.

Build the northern driving region as a leader in developing high-quality human resources, science, technology, innovation, digital economy, and digital society; enhance its role as a national economic, cultural, educational, training, health, scientific, technological, and innovative center. Develop several modern, high-quality service sectors; high-tech processing and manufacturing industries with high technological content and added value, deeply participating in global value chains; a marine economy center with shipping and port services, marine and island tourism, and shipbuilding industries;

b) Southern Driving Region

Develop the southern driving region, including Ho Chi Minh City and district-level areas along National Highway 22, National Highway 13, National Highway 1, and National Highway 51 through Binh Duong, Dong Nai, and Ba Ria-Vung Tau provinces, with Ho Chi Minh City as the growth pole. After 2030, continue to expand the scope of the driving region.

Build the southern driving region as a leader nationwide and in Southeast Asia in economy, finance, trade, services, health, education, training, and high-quality human resource development, science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation. Focus on vigorously developing the innovation ecosystem, leading in model transformation, building digital economy and digital society. Develop strong financial, banking, scientific, technological, and logistics services. Attract investment in high-tech industries, software parks, artificial intelligence. Develop marine economic sectors such as logistics services, oil and gas extraction and processing, and marine tourism;

c) Central Driving Region

Establishing and developing the Central Coast Economic Zone, including coastal areas (districts from the Eastern North-South Expressway to the sea) in the centrally governed cities and provinces: Thua Thien Hue, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai; among which Da Nang city is the growth pole. In the period after 2030, continue to expand the scope of the economic zone.

Continue to establish and develop coastal urban systems, marine tourism centers, ecological tourism centers with regional and international standards; national oil refining industry center, automobile industry, mechanical industry support industry, high-tech zones. Develop seaports and port services, infrastructure and fishery logistics centers;

d) The Mekong Delta Economic Zone

Establishing and developing the Mekong Delta Economic Zone, including Can Tho city, districts of An Giang, Kien Giang, Vinh Long, Dong Thap provinces connected with the area linking expressways (Eastern North-South Expressway from Can Tho to Vinh Long, An Huu - Cao Lanh Expressway, Western North-South Expressway from Cao Lanh to Rach Soi) and Phu Quoc city; among which Can Tho city is the growth pole. In the period after 2030, continue to expand the scope of the economic zone linked with Tran De Seaport, Soc Trang province.

Build the Mekong Delta Economic Zone into a service, tourism, logistics, and industrial center serving agriculture. Develop agricultural processing industries, machinery, chemical industries serving agriculture. Establish key centers for agriculture linked with specialized farming areas; build the region into a national center for agricultural science and technology and related services. Develop marine economy, focusing on building Phu Quoc city (Kien Giang province) into a marine eco-tourism center with international standards, connecting with major economic centers in the region and globally;

e) Gradually build and develop economic zones in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Region; the North Central Region (Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh) connecting Central Vietnam and the Red River Delta; the Central Highlands; the South Central Coast Region (Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận, Bình Thuận and vicinity).

3. Developing economic corridors

a) Priority economic corridors in the period up to 2030

- Develop the North-South Economic Corridor based on the Eastern North-South Transport Corridor, connecting economic zones, major cities, and economic centers, making significant contributions to the socio-economic development of the country, promoting the development of coastal areas and western regions, connecting with the Nanning-Singapore Economic Corridor. Formulate plans and spatial arrangements for the development of cities, industrial zones, and logistics centers along the North-South Economic Corridor in regional and provincial master plans.

- Develop the Lao Cai-Hanoi-Hai Phong-Quang Ninh Economic Corridor, the main connection axis of the northern economic zone, linking the Northern Midland and Mountainous Region with major economic centers and seaports nationwide, the Kunming-Lao Cai-Hanoi-Hai Phong-Quang Ninh Economic Corridor; promote trade and investment cooperation between localities in Vietnam and the southwestern region of China.

- Develop the Mo Cay City-Ho Chi Minh City-Bien Hoa-Vung Tau Economic Corridor linked with the Trans-Asia Economic Corridor, the gateway to the sea for the Southeastern region, promoting the development of the Southeastern region, Mekong Delta, and Central Highlands;

b) Gradually form and develop long-term economic corridors

- Form the Ho Chi Minh Highway and Western North-South Expressway Economic Corridor through the Central Highlands and Southeastern region (Central Highlands-Southeastern Economic Corridor) to promote regional development and integration, enhancing national defense and security; connecting raw material areas, processing industries, and developing the "green route" tourism in the Central Highlands, enhancing the impact of central city clusters.

- Gradually form East-West economic corridors

The Dien Bien-Son La-Hoa Binh-Hanoi Economic Corridor, connecting the Northwest region with the Red River Delta, promoting socio-economic development in the Northwest region.

The Cau Treo-Vung Ang Economic Corridor connecting Lao localities with seaports in Ha Tinh and Quang Binh, promoting socio-economic development in the North Central region.

The Lao Bao-Dong Ha-Da Nang Economic Corridor linked with the East-West Economic Corridor of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), connecting southern Myanmar, central Thailand, and Laos with central Vietnam's seaports, promoting trade, tourism, and investment among countries, developing North Central and South Central coastal regions.

The Bo Y-Pleiku-Quy Nhon Economic Corridor, the gateway to the sea for the Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam Development Triangle, connecting northern Central Highlands with southern Central Vietnam and seaports, promoting socio-economic development in the Central Highlands and South Central Vietnam.

The Chau Doc-Cant Tho-Soc Trang Economic Corridor, connecting with Tran De Seaport to serve direct import and export activities in the future, promoting the development of key centers for agriculture, industry, services, and logistics related to agriculture in the Mekong Delta.

The Ha Tien-Rach Gia-Ca Mau Economic Corridor, connecting with the Southern Coastal Economic Corridor of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) to promote socio-economic development in the western coastal areas of the Mekong Delta and the entire region.

Study the establishment of the Bo Y-Qui Nam-Da Nang Economic Corridor; the Buon Ma Thuot-Khanh Hoa Economic Corridor; the economic corridor connecting the Southern Central Highlands (Dak Nong, Lam Dong) with the South Central Coast (Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan).

4. Territorial areas requiring conservation and restricted development

a) Territorial areas requiring conservation

- Strictly protected areas and ecological restoration areas of nature reserves.

- The core natural heritage area recognized by international organizations.

- Zone I of national historical and cultural relics and particularly important national historical and cultural relics.

- Upstream protective forests and community water source protection forests;

b) Restricted development areas

- Particularly important and highly prioritized topographical areas for defense tasks as determined in provincial planning.

- Buffer zones of natural conservation areas and natural heritage areas recognized by international organizations.

- Biodiversity corridors and important wetland areas.

- Zone II of national historical and cultural relics and particularly important national historical and cultural relics.

- Water source protection corridors.

- Protective forests outside the upstream protective forest and community water source protection forest areas.

- Areas at risk of landslides, flash floods, and debris flows.

Article 4. Orientation for the Development of National Urban and Rural Systems

1. Overall Orientation for the Development of the Urban System

Accelerate urbanization speed in accordance with planning to form an urban system, creating a significant driving force for rapid and sustainable socio-economic development. Enhance the quality of urban development in terms of economy, society, infrastructure, housing, and residents' living standards. Improve economic competitiveness and integration of the urban system.

Develop a sustainable urban network system with reasonable distribution, ensuring synchronization, unity, and balance among regions; develop multi-functional cities towards green, smart, climate change adaptive, disaster prevention and control, and disease prevention. Ensure connectivity between urban and rural areas. Urban planning and development should be linked with public transportation orientation (TOD); focus on exploiting underground space in large cities. Select cities with special advantages to build them into regional and international economic, financial, trade, and service centers with competitive capabilities. Form and develop some smart city chains connected to regions and the world. Develop coastal and island urban systems sustainably, protecting natural ecosystems; emphasize urban development based on preserving and promoting heritage, cultural, and historical elements.

Build and develop Hanoi City, Ho Chi Minh City, and other centrally governed cities into dynamic, innovative cities leading and spreading effects, linking urban regions; capable of competing and integrating regionally and internationally, playing an important role in the Southeast Asian and Asian urban network.

Prioritize the development of cities associated with economic corridors to become central cities suitable for the functions of each region, promoting the spread of development. Develop satellite cities of major cities, especially Hanoi City and Ho Chi Minh City.

Develop medium and small cities closely in relation to large cities, sharing functions, gradually reducing the development gap between cities. Focus on developing small cities and suburban areas to support rural development through urban-rural connections. Develop special urban models such as tourist cities, university cities, creative cities, border economic cities, and island cities.

2. Orientation for the Distribution of Major Urban Regions

a) Hanoi Urban Region: build an urban system including Hanoi City and nearby cities of surrounding provinces in the Red River Delta and North Central Highlands and Northern Mountainous Region to share functions in education, training, healthcare, science, technology, trade, services, tourism, and limit excessive concentration in central Hanoi City.

Focus on developing modern urban infrastructure and interconnecting infrastructure, including axes connecting Hanoi City with major cities in the region, Ring Road 4, Ring Road 5 of Hanoi Capital, and urban railway lines, eastern ring railway lines of Hanoi City, promoting economic and social linkage and development throughout the northern region. Form industrial, urban, and service rings along Ring Road 4 and Ring Road 5 of Hanoi Capital.

Develop Hanoi City into a smart, dynamic, and innovative city leading in science and technology; an international trading center, high-quality educational, training, healthcare, financial, and banking center; an important transportation hub for the region and internationally. Focus on building modern urban infrastructure, especially transportation and drainage infrastructure, promptly addressing traffic congestion and flooding issues. Speed up the completion of urban railway projects; construct additional bridges over the Red River and Duong River. Manage and exploit underground space to enhance urban land use efficiency.

Build Hanoi-affiliated cities and satellite cities with synchronized infrastructure, urban amenities, and convenient transportation links to the center, alleviating the central city load and expanding Hanoi's development space;

b) Ho Chi Minh City Urban Region: build an urban system including Ho Chi Minh City and cities in the Southeastern region and some areas in the Mekong Delta to share functions in services, industry, education, training, healthcare, science, and technology, and limit excessive concentration in central Ho Chi Minh City.

Construct axes from Ho Chi Minh City connecting with major cities in the region, Ring Road 3, Ring Road 4, and urban railway lines, airport and seaport connection lines, promoting economic and social linkage and development throughout the southern region. Form industrial, urban, and service rings along Ring Road 3 and Ring Road 4. Develop Long Thanh International Airport City.

Ho Chi Minh City is the core urban area and development center of the entire region; it will quickly shift to high-quality services, becoming an internationally competitive financial center; leading in high-tech industry, science, technology, innovation, education, training, deep medical care, and serving as a trading hub with the international community. Emphasis should be placed on exploiting underground space in conjunction with effectively utilizing urban land resources. Research should focus on tapping potential and advantages to develop the Thu Duc and Can Gio areas into new growth drivers for Ho Chi Minh City;

c) Urban Area of Da Nang: building a system of cities including Da Nang City and surrounding cities to become a center for startups, innovation, tourism, trade, finance, logistics, high-tech industry, information technology; one of the country's centers for high-quality education, training, healthcare, science, and technology; a venue for regional and international events. Developing Da Nang City into a growth pole, an important driving force, playing a role in promoting economic and social development in the North Central Coast and South Central Coast regions, and the Northwest Highlands;

d) Urban Area of Can Tho: building a system of cities with Can Tho City as the central city and surrounding cities to become a center for commercial services, tourism, logistics, processing industry, high-tech agriculture, education, training, deep medical care, science, technology, culture, and sports for the entire region. Exploiting the transportation axis connecting Can Tho - My Thuan - Trung Luong - Ho Chi Minh City to concentrate on urban development, creating a ripple effect throughout the region. Developing Can Tho City into a growth pole, promoting the development of the entire Mekong Delta region;

3. Orientation for Rural Development

Building新农村发展规划，全面现代化、绿色、清洁、美丽，与城市化进程相衔接；基础设施和社会服务配套齐全，并接近城市水平；保护和发扬民族传统文化；调整农村经济结构，合理组织生产，继续扩大和提高“一村一品”（OCOP）计划的效果，为人民创造可持续生计；农村社会稳定，民智提升；确保安全和秩序。

建设适合不同自然生态区域和文化特点的居民分布模式。主动搬迁和重新安置高风险地区居民点，这些地区易发生自然灾害和山体滑坡。

对于城市周边的农村地区，要加快城市化进程，发展都市农业，逐步完善基础设施，提高社会服务质量，使之接近城市水平，形成集中的绿色生态农村居住区。逐步将城市发展扩展到农村地区。

对于北部山区、红河平原部分地区和其他地区的农村，发展规模适宜并与城市相连的集中居民区；支持建设困难地区、少数民族和山区农村的基本基础设施。

对于集中在湄公河三角洲、西原等地区的农业生产区的农村，发展方向是将农村居民区与生产区域、专业种植区、加工和服务集群相结合，与城市和谐连接，以确保提供基本服务。

全面、可持续地发展少数民族和山区地区；开发和利用该地区的潜力和比较优势，保护环境和少数民族的生活空间。缩小少数民族和山区地区的发展和收入差距，使其接近全国平均水平。

继续实施城市和农村行政单位的重组，确保整体性、协调性和适应规划及发展的要求，符合行政单位的标准规定。

Article 5. Orientation for Marine Spatial Development

1. The marine spatial scope includes coastal land, islands, island groups, seas, and airspace of Vietnam.

2. Building Vietnam into a strong maritime nation, rich from the sea, developing sustainably, thriving, secure, and safe based on maximizing the potential and advantages of the sea. Breaking through in marine economic sectors, especially tourism and marine services; maritime economy; oil and gas exploitation and other marine mineral resources; aquaculture and marine product harvesting; coastal industry; renewable energy and new marine economic sectors. Forming multi-sector marine economic clusters linked with the construction of strong marine economic centers.

3. The marine area is divided into functional zones for protection, conservation, economic development, national defense, security, and management and utilization according to no-exploitation zones, conditional exploitation zones, encouraged development zones for marine economic sectors, and special protection zones for national defense, security, environmental protection, and ecosystem conservation.

4. Orientation for marine and coastal areas: developing marine and coastal areas based on maximizing comparative advantages in geographical location, natural conditions, cultural identity, and ecological diversity; harmonizing conservation and development. Developing coastal road transport corridors, coastal city chains, and completing infrastructure to serve the development of marine economic activities.

a) Northern Marine and Coastal Area (Quang Ninh - Ninh Binh): continuing to build the Hai Phong - Quang Ninh area into a marine economic center connected with the international port of Lach Huyen; developing Quang Ninh into a national tourist center linking with major international tourist centers in the region and the world; developing modern industrial Haiphong City into a service logistics and marine science and technology research and application center. Developing some advantageous marine industries linked with coastal economic zones and industrial parks;

b) The North Central Coast and South Central Coast coastal and marine areas (Thanh Hoá - Bình Thuận): focus on strongly developing the marine economy while ensuring national defense and security at sea. Exploit and cultivate aquatic products in conjunction with processing industries, post-harvest services, and fishery infrastructure to ensure sustainability and high efficiency. Enhance the effectiveness of development in coastal economic zones. Continue to form and develop coastal urban systems, marine tourism centers, and ecotourism centers with regional and international standards. Develop seaports and port services, especially specialized seaports linked to economic zones and industrial parks.

c) The Southeastern Coastal and Marine Areas (Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu - Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh): concentrate on developing the Cái Mép - Thị Vải Port to become a truly international transshipment port, connected with the Trans-Asian Economic Corridor. Develop port logistics services, maritime safety services, oil and gas extraction and processing industries, supporting industries, and oil and gas sector services. Construct high-quality seaside resort tourism areas.

d) The Southwest Coastal and Marine Areas (Tiền Giang - Cà Mau - Kiên Giang): focus on building and developing Phú Quốc City into a strong service and international-level marine ecotourism center. Develop gas industry, gas processing, gas-fired power generation, renewable energy, aquaculture, fishing, post-harvest services, and fishery infrastructure.

5. Orientation for islands and archipelagos

Vigorously develop the economy on islands in combination with ensuring national defense and security at sea, including islands belonging to the Paracel and Spratly Archipelagos, in accordance with international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982.

Develop fishery logistics centers, fishing ports, seaports, typhoon shelters, search and rescue facilities on some islands. Focus on constructing infrastructure for key islands with resident populations; encourage economic development activities; aquaculture; distant-water fishing; tourism, seaports, and fishing at islands; develop island-to-mainland tourism routes; become a solid bastion protecting the country's maritime sovereignty.

6. Coastal reclamation activities must fully consider natural factors and the impact of natural disasters and climate change; minimize negative impacts on the environment, ecosystems, biodiversity, fisheries resources, natural scenery, historical-cultural relics, and scenic spots.

Article 6. Orientation for Exploitation and Utilization of Airspace

1. Manage and maintain Vietnam’s airspace sovereignty in accordance with Vietnamese laws and international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a party. The exploitation and utilization of airspace must ensure absolute safety, efficiency, and harmony between economic development and national defense and security.

2. Exploit effectively and manage the Hanoi Flight Information Region and the Ho Chi Minh Flight Information Region in accordance with the law. Exploit effectively and optimize the organization of airspace and flight procedures for operating airports and those planned for upgrading, expansion, and new construction during the planning period.

3. Manage aviation obstacle clearance heights to ensure absolute safety for all activities exploiting and utilizing airspace by organizations and competent authorities in accordance with the law; construction height permits for ground structures must ensure absolute safety for all flight operations, normal operation of air traffic control sites and radio stations in Vietnam in accordance with the law.

Article 7. Orientation for Development and Spatial Distribution of Key Industries

1. Develop a competitive industrial base capable of deeply participating in global production networks and value chains; achieve the goal of becoming a developing country with modern industry by 2030, enhancing the self-reliance of the economy. Focus on developing key industries that meet basic production needs, including the energy, machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, chemical, fertilizer, and material industries. Prioritize the development of digital technology, new technology, high-tech industries, particularly electronics, semiconductor chip production, and biotechnology industries. Emphasize the development of information technology industries, processing industries serving agriculture. Vigorously develop support industries, strengthen linkages between Vietnamese enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises. Develop green industries linked to circular economy models, cleaner production, efficient resource and energy use; develop eco-industrial parks and gradually reduce industrial parks and clusters with high environmental pollution risks.

Arrange industrial space in conjunction with urban systems and service centers to form economic corridors and growth engines. Expand industrial development space towards the western region of the East-North-South Expressway, the midlands area to reduce land pressure in the delta region and mitigate the impact of climate change. Develop extraction and processing industries linked to raw material and resource regions; expand industrial clusters linked to rural development centers. Distribute industrial zones and clusters with reasonable scales, specialized sectors, and integrated production and industrial services; develop deep-specialized industrial complexes in various fields. Form modern industrial-service-urban areas; ensure synchronous connectivity between industrial zones and technical infrastructure systems and social infrastructure.

2. Develop the service sector to account for a large proportion of the economy with high quality, efficiency, competitive capacity, and international integration. Promote modern, civilized, and sustainable domestic trade; develop robust international trade in sync with industrialization, maximizing benefits from globalization. Emphasize building the brand of Vietnamese goods. Develop synchronized, modern, and appropriate commercial infrastructure for each region's characteristics and conditions. Vigorously develop e-commerce.

Establish regional and global-scale service, trade, financial, and banking centers in major cities, linked to the development of growth regions and economic corridors. Form large logistics centers connected to seaports, airports, and major international border gates. Create dynamic tourism development zones, national-level tourism centers, regional and corridor-based tourism development connections to promote and spread tourism development across regions and nationwide. Focus on investing in tourism infrastructure, prioritizing infrastructure for key national tourist areas; effectively and sustainably exploit tourism resources; develop attractive, competitively strong tourism products tied to the development of branded tourism enterprises at regional and international levels; emphasize building heritage corridors and tourism products within heritage corridors.

3. Develop modern agriculture along value chains, industry clusters, linked with processing industries and agricultural and rural tourism; implement digital transformation and smart agricultural production to promote organizational innovation and enhance agricultural production efficiency. Develop competitive agricultural economies among leading regional and global groups; develop commodity production regions, organic farming regions, concentrated livestock breeding regions safe from diseases with suitable scales and high efficiency based on regional, provincial advantages; ensure solid national food security, adapting to climate change.

Plan spatial development of agricultural production regions linked with transportation and irrigation infrastructure to enhance comprehensive development effectiveness, strengthen production, circulation, and consumption product linkages. Develop the Mekong Delta into a sustainable, dynamic, and highly efficient national, regional, and global agricultural economic center; develop main products towards increasing the proportion of aquatic products and fruits while reasonably reducing the proportion of rice. The Red River Delta develops agriculture towards high efficiency, organic farming, urban-serving agriculture, linked with new rural construction. Increase fruit tree planting area, protect forests, and develop forestry economies, medicinal plant development tied to processing industries in the Central Highlands, midland, and northern mountainous regions. For coastal areas, develop nearshore aquaculture combined with mangrove forest planting and protection. Reorganize marine fishing activities towards reducing nearshore exploitation, intensifying distant-water fishing in line with each sea area's ecological recovery capacity; restructure fishers' livelihoods towards developing aquaculture, processing, and tourism services.

Article 8. Orientation for the development of national social infrastructure

1. Develop a synchronized network of higher education institutions to meet the demand for high-quality human resources serving the country's sustainable development needs; address diverse learning requirements and economic-social development demands of each region, province. Organize and rearrange educational and training institutions to improve training quality. Develop national key higher education institutions; upgrade and build some large universities, teacher training colleges, and medical schools into high-quality training centers with reputation in the region and globally. Develop some university towns. Encourage the development of private higher education institutions.

Develop a flexible vocational education institution network to provide opportunities for all citizens to access and benefit from vocational education services, ensuring scale, structure, and training quality to meet labor market demands and international integration. Build high-standard vocational training centers meeting regional and international standards, suitable for priority industries in major economic centers.

Enhance quality, expand, and rationally distribute early childhood and general education institution networks to meet societal demands for education service access. Establish specialized education facilities for people with disabilities and support systems for inclusive education development centers to ensure their access to and enjoyment of high-quality education services. Develop and consolidate boarding secondary schools for ethnic minorities, regular education facilities, and community learning centers to implement literacy campaigns, knowledge and skill updates for socio-economic development in difficult areas and ethnic minority regions, ensuring educational equity.

Develop defense and security education centers with appropriate scales for training tasks in each area to consolidate and build a whole-of-the-people national defense foundation, integrated national defense posture, and a people's security foundation, integrated security posture.

2. Establish, upgrade and rearrange the spatial distribution of healthcare facilities appropriately to ensure that all citizens have easy access to high-quality medical services and health care. Build a fair, quality, efficient, and integrated healthcare system; preventive healthcare is key, primary healthcare is the foundation; specialized healthcare is synchronized and balanced with community healthcare; integrate traditional medicine with modern medicine, military healthcare with civilian healthcare. Develop medicinal materials, pharmaceutical industry, and medical equipment. Ensure each region has specialized medical examination and treatment facilities. Establish some medical examination and treatment facilities at par with regional and international standards; develop modern specialized medical centers. Establish a national disease control center; establish some national research, technology transfer, and vaccine production facilities. Develop regional testing centers meeting regional and international standards to meet the needs for drug, cosmetic, food, and medical equipment testing, inspection, and standardization.

3. Develop a national cultural facility network linked with the formation and development of cultural spaces that meet the creative and cultural enjoyment needs of the people, truly making culture the spiritual foundation of society. Build national cultural facilities into strong brands with competitive strength, ensuring the effective fulfillment of tasks related to preserving and promoting the value of national cultural identity, while promoting the development of the country's cultural industries. Upgrade and modernize national museums. Renovate and upgrade national-level libraries, provincial public libraries, specialized libraries, university libraries... Upgrade and modernize national performing arts facilities in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and other centrally-administered cities and provinces towards synchronization and modernization to meet the requirements of organizing national and international artistic events. Invest in developing, restoring, and preserving cultural heritages, especially those recognized by UNESCO. Form professional sports economies; develop a synchronized and modern national sports infrastructure, with some construction projects reaching international standards. Develop community sports facilities.

4. Develop scientific and technological organizations, increasing both in quantity and quality. Build and enhance the effectiveness of the national innovation system, the innovation startup ecosystem; strengthen the capacity of national innovation centers, startup innovation centers at the national, regional, and local levels to support and promote technology transfer and innovation activities. Form and develop national innovation startup support centers in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Can Tho, and other centrally-administered cities and provinces with favorable conditions. Form innovation clusters based on linking scientific and technological organizations with high-tech zones, high-tech agriculture zones, financial centers, venture capital funds, universities, and research institutes.

Focus investment on developing some state-owned scientific and technological organizations to reach advanced regional and global levels. Review and streamline the organizational structure of research and development institutions under ministries and sectors to eliminate overlapping and conflicting functions and tasks, aligning with priority directions in science, technology, and innovation to serve national socio-economic development. Strengthen and develop research organizations serving policy-making, strategy, planning, and development of centrally-administered cities and provinces. Focus investment on forming scientific and technological organizations to play a role in connecting value chains, industrial clusters, and innovation ecosystems and startup ecosystems in regions and localities. Develop scientific and technological organizations under state-owned corporations into specialized research institutes providing leading technologies to create competitive advantages and serve national socio-economic development. Encourage economic groups and large non-state enterprises to form research and development units.

5. Reorganize, merge, and consolidate press agencies of centrally-administered cities and provinces and central ministries and sectors towards convergence, multi-media, and multi-platforms. Form large publishing houses and rationally distribute the publication distribution system.

6. Develop a social assistance facility network with sufficient capacity and scale to meet the needs of accessing and enjoying social service benefits at the grassroots level for social protection beneficiaries. Gradually modernize social assistance facilities to ensure the provision of social assistance services according to national standards and approaching international standards.

7. Upgrade facilities for the care and rehabilitation of war veterans. Study, test, and apply professional methods and deep integration techniques between care and rehabilitation with health care and other social care for war veterans.

Article 9. Orientation for the development of national technical infrastructure

1. Develop a synchronized transportation infrastructure system based on leveraging the advantages of various transport modes, ensuring extensive connectivity across the entire national territory, reducing logistics costs, and enhancing the competitiveness of the economy; appropriately prioritize the development of railway and inland waterway transportation.

Orientation for organizing national transportation system space: forming North-South national longitudinal corridors with all five modes of transport. For the Northern region, forming radial corridors connecting to Hanoi, East-West corridors to connect the Western mountainous area with Eastern sea ports. For the Central region, forming East-West axes to connect the Western area with Eastern sea ports and link internationally with Laos and Cambodia. For the Southern region, forming East-West and North-South corridors, exploiting advantages of inland waterway transport and large sea ports and airports, connecting international traffic. Forming ring routes and radial axes from neighboring provinces connecting to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

Orientation for development of various types of transportation infrastructure:

- Roadways: completing construction of the Eastern North-South expressway and other expressways connecting major economic centers, linked to dynamic regions such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Can Tho, special seaports, international airports, and important border gates with high import-export demand; expressways linked to the formation of East-West economic corridors.

- Railways: striving to build some sections of high-speed railways from North to South. Building regional railways and railways connecting to international gateway seaports in Hai Phong - Quang Ninh, Ba Ria - Vung Tau and important border gates; prioritizing new construction of railway lines from Lao Cai to Hanoi to Hai Phong, Bien Hoa to Vung Tau. Investing in building key railway lines, urban railways in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Studying the construction of a railway linking Ho Chi Minh City to Can Tho, and railways connecting to the international airport Long Thanh.

- Seaports: upgrading and constructing international transshipment container ports at Lach Huyen (Hai Phong) and Cai Me - Thi Vai (Ba Ria - Vung Tau). Building an international transshipment port at Can Gio (Ho Chi Minh City).

- Airports: constructing the international airport Long Thanh; focusing on expanding and upgrading the international airports Noi Bai and Tan Son Nhat; expanding international airports linked to dynamic regions. Striving to reach by 2030 that about 92-95% of the population can access airports within a 100 km radius.

Based on orientations and socio-economic development needs of regions and localities, researching and proposing the construction of specialized airports linked to production areas and large-scale tourist centers; utilizing and quickly restoring old military airports for dual purposes.

- Inland waterways: investing and upgrading main river routes for cargo, container, and specialized bulk cargo transport on inland waterways in the Red River Delta and the Mekong Delta. Prioritizing investment and efficient exploitation of coastal waterway transport corridors from Quang Ninh to Kien Giang.

2. Developing energy infrastructure to meet requirements for ensuring national energy security, providing stable and high-quality energy supply for socio-economic development.

Implementing energy transition towards using green and clean fuel sources. Developing renewable energy industries, wind power, solar power, especially those with energy storage systems, biomass power, and other renewable energy sources; increasing the share of renewable energy in primary energy supply. Upgrading and building new 500 kV transmission grids synchronously with power generation development, ensuring efficiency and savings. Studying energy interconnection with countries in Southeast Asia.

Strengthening basic investigations on oil and gas. Promoting exploration, development, and exploitation of oil and gas fields in potential deep-sea and offshore areas to increase reserves and production, linked to national maritime sovereignty protection tasks. Developing the gas industry; studying investment in technical infrastructure for LNG import and consumption. Developing energy centers linked to petrochemical complexes, while increasing refining capacity for post-oil products. Vigorously exploiting domestic coal based on safety, efficiency, savings, and environmental friendliness; expanding exploration and appraisal of reserves and resources.

3. Synchronously developing information and communication infrastructure, closely interconnected to form a unified modern system based on advanced digital technology applications; capable of providing reliable information and communication services at appropriate prices; ensuring cybersecurity; meeting requirements for information technology application and digital transformation in building a digital government, digital economy, and digital society.

Developing a synchronized and modern postal network, becoming one of the essential infrastructures of the country and the digital economy. Developing the national Internet infrastructure, enhancing regional and international connectivity, positioning Vietnam among the leading data centers in the region. Constructing data centers linked to dynamic regions, growth poles, and economic corridors; developing national data center clusters in the Northern and Southern regions. Transitioning investments in the national trunk transmission system from focusing on North-South development to expanding West-East development, enhancing backup and load distribution capabilities for the national trunk network. Developing Vietnamese VINASAT satellites.

Completing national digital platforms to operate smoothly, meeting requirements for a digital government, digital economy, and digital society. Continuing to develop concentrated information technology zones and members of software park chains. Attracting investment and vigorously developing concentrated information technology zones in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Can Tho, and other regions with strong information technology industrial development.

4. Develop the irrigation system to ensure water supply, drainage, and water supply for agriculture, livelihoods, and various economic sectors, contributing to sustainable economic and social development, environmental protection, disaster prevention and mitigation, and adaptation to climate change.

Upgrade key works and main canal systems to ensure the design capacity of inter-provincial irrigation systems. Develop solutions to regulate water flow on major rivers facing difficulties with riverbed lowering, complex water levels, and high risks of saltwater intrusion.

Complete the construction and upgrade of important irrigation works and reservoirs to ensure water security for production and daily life, particularly in the Central Highlands, South Central Coast, and the Mekong Delta region. Implement measures to restore river flows and environments in polluted rivers, addressing low water levels to enable irrigation works to proactively draw water for production in the Red River Delta.

Construct water control facilities at major river mouths to proactively manage salinity, store freshwater, and supplement fresh water along coastal areas for livelihoods, aquaculture, and agricultural production. Develop and reinforce flood prevention and drainage systems to protect cities, especially large cities. Strengthen and upgrade the national sea dyke system.

5. Develop fishing port systems and anchorage areas for fishing vessels to meet the demand for post-harvest services, ensure food safety, reduce post-harvest losses, and guarantee safety for fishing vessels and fishermen; enhance fishery management efficiency, strengthen international integration; protect marine ecosystems, adapt to climate change, and contribute to national defense and security. Develop large-scale fishing centers in Hai Phong, Da Nang, Khanh Hoa, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, and Kien Giang.

6. Establish a national meteorological and hydrological station network, a complete, synchronized, modern national resource and environment monitoring network towards high automation, ensuring openness, integration, connectivity, and data sharing; participate in the global meteorological and hydrological network.

Prioritize the development of meteorological and hydrological stations with multiple observation factors, climate change monitoring stations, and integrated resource and environment monitoring stations. Develop a national environmental monitoring network linked to affected areas such as inter-provincial river basins, key economic development zones, strictly protected large lakes, cross-regional and cross-provincial areas, headwaters, areas with significant pollution sources, marine areas, and areas with complex hydrological conditions. Prioritize the deployment of advanced and automated hydrological environmental monitoring stations at the headwaters of major transboundary rivers.

7. Develop a comprehensive fire prevention and firefighting infrastructure that gradually becomes modern, suitable for each region's conditions, meeting requirements for safe economic and social development and people's lives.

8. Develop national border gate systems consistent with the country's economic and social development needs while ensuring national defense and security, aligning with economic, political, and diplomatic situations with neighboring countries, and connecting with regional and economic belt development orientations. By 2030, all land border provinces will have border gates; important border gates will have modern facilities to meet travel, trade, and cooperation needs. Develop border economic zones tied to the formation of border cities.

Article 10. Orientation for resource utilization, environmental protection, disaster prevention, and response to climate change

1. Orientation for resource utilization

a) Water resources: actively prioritize and ensure water quantity and quality for storage; ensure water supply for urban and rural areas, contributing to increasing the proportion of clean water usage for daily purposes in urban areas to 95-100% and in rural areas to 65% by 2030. Allocate and share water resources harmoniously and reasonably among industries and localities, prioritizing water use for living purposes, using water efficiently to generate high economic value, ensuring minimum flow rates, achieving comprehensive economic, social, and environmental benefits during both flood and dry seasons across river basins. Reasonably exploit underground water, prioritizing it for drinking water, ensuring not to exceed limits on water level and volume, and preventing subsidence due to groundwater extraction. Resolve conflicts in water use between industries and sectors, especially between hydropower and irrigation; between upstream and downstream areas; between localities within river basins, and cross-border issues in water resource exploitation and use. Focus on exploiting and effectively utilizing water resources in the Red River - Thai Binh Basin, Vu Gia - Thu Bon Basin, Ca River Basin, Dong Nai River Basin, Mekong River Basin, and Ba River Basin.

b) Fisheries resources: gradually reduce the degree of exploitation to be compatible with fish stock reserves. Selectively exploit high-value and export-oriented primary fish species to increase fishermen's income and stabilize their livelihoods. Shift the structure of fisheries activities, rationally exploiting different marine and inland aquatic ecosystems. Transition from destructive exploitation and environmental damage to sustainable and economically beneficial practices. Reorganize fishing activities in marine and inland waters towards rational development, linking sustainable exploitation with the conservation and development of fish stocks. Establish and effectively manage marine conservation areas, fish stock protection zones, and temporary no-fishing zones in marine areas and major river and lake systems.

c) Forest resources: management, protection, development, and sustainable use of forest resources; harmonizing economic development with environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, and climate change response. Spatial planning and forest area size must ensure requirements for protecting major river systems, lakes, dams, lowland areas, wetlands, coastal zones affected by natural disasters and climate change; maintaining and expanding special-use forests; stabilizing and supplementing production forest areas to supply raw materials for processing and export. Continue to maintain important raw material areas in timber extraction and processing. Establish high-tech forestry zones in localities with potential and advantages for forestry development;

d) Mineral resources: basically complete geological surveys and assess mineral potential on mainland territory; conduct surveys and discover minerals in marine and continental shelf areas of Vietnam. Survey and explore industrial minerals, focusing on exploring areas with high prospects, important minerals, and those with large potential reserves to serve the development of the processing industry. For construction materials, prioritize exploration of mines and mineral distribution areas in regions developing construction materials or nearby regions; areas with favorable conditions for exploitation or potential for exploitation, ensuring efficiency and minimizing negative impacts on the environment.

Minimize and eventually stop the exploitation of scattered and small-scale mineral deposits that cause significant environmental impacts; focus on arranging and forming clusters of mines of sufficient scale to attract integrated investment from exploration, exploitation to deep processing and application of advanced technology and equipment.

Ensure balance between current needs and long-term mineral reserves; prioritize the use of minerals for large-scale modern domestic industrial development; export minerals based on efficient exploitation and processing; minimize the export of raw minerals.

2. Environmental Protection Orientation

Prevent the trend of increasing environmental pollution and degradation; address urgent environmental issues; gradually improve and restore environmental quality; protect, conserve, and restore important natural ecosystems; promote circular economy development; enhance the overall efficiency of inputs and outputs in production processes. Protect the environment through integrated activities including environmental pollution management and control, establishment of environmental quality monitoring systems.

Prioritize the construction of centralized, modern waste treatment facilities across regions and provinces, especially for hazardous waste treatment facilities. Renovate, upgrade, and control unsanitary landfills and areas polluted or degraded by solid waste, ensuring environmental protection requirements. Implement source separation of household solid waste, gradually reduce direct landfilling of household solid waste; convert direct landfill sites for household solid waste into modern solid waste treatment facilities.

Invest in building and improving infrastructure for wastewater collection and treatment in industrial parks, industrial clusters, urban areas, concentrated residential areas, and traditional craft villages in major river basins. Treat wastewater to required standards in all industrial parks, industrial clusters, and industrial facilities, hospitals. Strengthen source management, improve surface water quality, particularly in inter-provincial rivers, streams, canals, and ditches affected by pollution. Construct centralized wastewater collection and treatment systems combined with restoration of lakes, ponds, canals, and ditches in major cities. Implement wastewater treatment projects to restore water quality in severely polluted sections of rivers, canals, and ditches.

Continue to strictly protect the system of nature reserves and core natural heritage areas; expand the system and establish new terrestrial and marine nature reserves; expand the system of internationally recognized natural heritage sites. Designate, construct, protect, and sustainably use biodiversity corridors. Strictly protect important wetlands of international significance (Ramsar sites); continue to increase the total number of Ramsar sites nationwide; designate, protect, and sustainably use important wetlands outside protected areas. Designate, protect, sustainably use, and establish new high-biodiversity areas and important ecological landscape areas. Determine water source protection zones and prioritize water source protection areas.

3. Disaster Prevention and Climate Change Adaptation

Proactively prevent and respond to natural disasters and adapt to climate change; gradually build a country capable of managing disaster risks, safe communities and society, creating conditions for sustainable socio-economic development, maintaining national security and defense. Develop and replicate climate change adaptation models based on nature, ecosystems, and community-based approaches. Develop and implement greenhouse gas emission reduction plans for sectors and fields.

Consolidate and upgrade disaster prevention and mitigation works, focusing on reinforcing and upgrading the dike and reservoir system to proactively prevent floods and typhoons according to design standards. Supplement and upgrade water storage, drainage, flood, and tidal inundation control systems, especially for major cities; water resource control works to prevent droughts and saline intrusion.

Construct and reinforce riverbank and coastal erosion prevention works in areas with complex erosion patterns posing serious threats to dike systems, concentrated residential areas, and critical infrastructure. Vigorously plant wave-breaking trees to protect dikes, upstream protective forests, and coastal protective forests.

Enhance forecasting and warning capabilities for natural disasters; construct and upgrade meteorological, hydrological, marine, and seismic observation stations. Upgrade communication systems to ensure smooth operation across all localities, citizens nationwide, and vessels operating at sea. Establish early warning systems for flash floods and landslides; proactively relocate residents from high-risk areas for natural disasters. Develop risk maps for natural disasters to guide the arrangement and deployment of development activities, minimizing the impact of natural disasters.

Article 11. Orientation for strengthening national defense and ensuring national security

1. Strengthen and enhance the people's war defense system closely linked with the people's security system; continue building the People's Army and the People's Public Security as revolutionary, regular, elite forces gradually modernizing, politically, ideologically, and organizationally strong, absolutely loyal to the country, the Party, the State, and the people, meeting requirements and tasks in all situations. Actively and proactively build plans and combat scenarios; improve readiness levels to firmly defend the independence, sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, and political stability, national security, social order, and safety.

2. Closely integrate economic, cultural, and social development with national defense and security consolidation in each territorial area, strategic regions, borders, seas, islands, key economic zones, and industrial parks. Develop the marine economy and coastal areas; adjust, supplement, and establish economic-defense zones consistent with national defense and security strategies and projects, maintaining political and social stability, firmly defending the independence, sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity of the country, protecting national interests, and contributing to maintaining a peaceful and stable environment for national development.

3. Build a comprehensive civil defense system ready to effectively respond to traditional and non-traditional security challenges; implement economic security work effectively under socialist-oriented market economy conditions and international economic integration. Build "the people's support front" linked with the people's war defense system and the people's security system. Proactively combat and defeat plots and activities that harm national security; prevent and combat various types of crime and social evils; resolutely reduce crime and its potential causes; enhance the effectiveness of state management over security and order.

Article 12. Orientation for land use

1. Determining land use targets must be appropriate to land needs, avoiding wasteful allocation and management; effectively utilize land resources to achieve economic and social development goals, ensure national defense and security, and protect the environment while adapting to climate change.

2. Allocate land funds to meet the requirements of developing a synchronized infrastructure system, ensuring inter-sectoral, inter-regional, economic corridors, and national growth engine areas' spatial development connections, creating breakthroughs to meet national development requirements, especially in transportation, energy, and digital infrastructure, enhancing connectivity with the region and the world. Prioritize land funds to meet increasing demands for education, healthcare, social welfare, culture, sports, social housing, and housing for industrial workers. Ensure land funds for national defense and security purposes.

3. Manage the 3.5 million hectares of rice-growing land. Within suitable areas, allow flexible crop and livestock structure adjustments on rice-growing land without changing its nature and usage conditions, enabling it to revert to rice cultivation when necessary. Strictly control the conversion of rice-growing land, particularly irrigated rice fields to non-agricultural land, while ensuring the benefits of rice growers and rice-growing regions.

4. Strictly manage protective forest land and special-use forest land, preserving and restoring natural forests linked with biodiversity conservation, landscape protection, and ecological environments. Develop and improve the quality of planted forests, particularly large timber forests.

5. Expand industrial zone land areas, focusing on growth engines, connected with economic corridors. Continue expanding urban land in conjunction with urbanization processes.

Article 13. List of proposed important national projects and their priority order

1. The list of proposed important national projects for the period 2021-2030, with a vision to 2050 is specified in the Appendix attached to this Resolution.

2. In cases where new projects are decided by the National Assembly on investment policies or approved for investment policies, they will be added to this list simultaneously with the procedures and regulations for deciding on investment policies according to the law.

Article 14. Solutions and resources for implementation of planning

1. Regarding capital mobilization

Continue restructuring the state budget to ensure a reasonable ratio between recurrent expenditure and development investment expenditure, gradually increasing the share for development investment expenditure. Restructure public investment expenditure towards focus, prioritization, and non-dispersiveness, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of public investment capital allocation and disbursement. Prioritize public investment in large-scale cross-regional, cross-provincial infrastructure networks, connecting national growth engines, economic corridors, regional and international transport networks; invest in projects with high spillover effects, addressing essential needs, bottlenecks in regions, yielding high economic and social returns for the entire region. Leverage the leading role of public investment to activate, mobilize, and attract all social resources, particularly private capital, to participate in investment projects through public-private partnership (PPP) models.

Accelerate the withdrawal of state capital, the shareholding reform of state-owned enterprises not included in the list of sectors where the state needs to hold shares, implement the transfer, lease, and assignment of state-owned enterprises, creating room for mobilizing non-state resources to invest in economic and social development. Revenue from shareholding reforms and the withdrawal of state capital will be concentrated on investing in key national and local infrastructure projects. Resolve the issue of scattered investment outside the main business areas through the withdrawal of capital, ensuring that state-owned enterprises focus on their main business areas.

Improve the fiscal policy for state budget revenue from land, assets, and natural resources; establish appropriate mechanisms to exploit land resources for economic and social infrastructure development. Increase state budget revenue from land auctions, project bidding involving land use according to planning and in urban development areas following the TOD model to fund the construction of urban infrastructure.

Continue to vigorously promote administrative reform, improve, and further enhance the quality of the investment and business environment, creating favorable conditions for various economic components to invest and operate, ensuring fair, transparent, and healthy competition. Complete the legal framework and policies for developing capital markets, especially the stock market and venture capital markets, to mobilize medium- and long-term funds for investment, promoting entrepreneurship and innovation.

Innovatively improve foreign investment attraction policies and prepare comprehensive conditions such as infrastructure, institutions, human resources, etc., to increase the effectiveness of foreign investment serving development goals. Guide the attraction of large enterprises with advanced technology, high-tech systems, modern management, and leading global multinational corporations to invest in dynamic regions, forming industry clusters, generating significant spillover effects, and promoting domestic economic development.

Mobilize foreign loans under favorable conditions and interest rates, effectively focusing on key areas; prioritize investment in projects directly promoting growth linked to sustainable development, such as adapting to climate change, clean energy, improving environmental quality, culture, education, healthcare, science, technology, and innovation.

2. On mechanisms and policies

Develop and perfect legal regulations in conjunction with strict and effective enforcement of laws, providing a legal basis for implementing planning.

Establish mechanisms and policies for regions with national driving forces to have resources to invest in regional infrastructure as well as interconnecting infrastructure projects between local development centers and the national infrastructure system.

Pay attention to investment in mountainous and particularly difficult regions; support and create conditions for ethnic minority groups to equally access resources, development opportunities, and enjoy basic social services fairly.

Develop special mechanisms and policies to care for cultural, educational, training, and health development, enhancing the quality of human resources; create livelihoods, employment, and stable resettlement for ethnic minorities, especially border areas. Effectively implement programs and projects for socio-economic development in ethnic minority and mountainous regions, and regions with particularly difficult economic and social conditions. Gradually develop difficult areas through building infrastructure connecting difficult areas with economic corridors, linking difficult border areas with cross-border economic zones. Perfect mechanisms and policies on culture to meet development requirements so that culture truly becomes the spiritual foundation of society.

3. On science, technology, and the environment

Select and concentrate on supporting the implementation of research and application development in key industries and fields. Enhance domestic scientific and technological capabilities to undertake new research directions and prioritize the development of technologies with high applicability, especially digital, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, mechatronics, automation, biomedical electronics, energy, and environmental technologies.

Strengthen measures to manage, restore, and improve air, water, and soil quality in major cities, river basins, and seas. Manage solid waste, with a focus on managing household solid waste and plastic waste. Review and strictly control major sources of pollution; strengthen preventive measures against environmental accidents; proactively monitor potential sources of pollution and environmental accidents. Enhance nature conservation and biodiversity.

Continue to provide preferential mechanisms and policies, effectively invest in and utilize high-tech zones, high-tech agricultural zones, information technology zones, and national innovation centers based on advanced global models.

4. On human resource development

Develop a sustainable human resource base, ensuring overall balance and harmony with population distribution trends. Formulate breakthrough policies and solutions to rapidly increase the proportion of workers with degrees and certificates. Develop support policies to enhance the capacity of training institutions in priority fields linked to advanced technology applications and foundational sciences for scientific and technological development; mobilize domestic and international resources for training and retraining human resources.

Develop preferential policies to attract high-quality human resources for priority fields and regions with driving forces; attract and effectively utilize the intellectual and resource contributions of overseas Vietnamese. Reform human resource attraction policies, particularly for scientific and technical cadres to work long-term and develop local human resources in difficult areas, especially among ethnic minority groups.

5. On international cooperation

Enhance cooperation with countries, territories, international organizations, financial institutions, and funding agencies to mobilize financial resources for investment projects in infrastructure development, technical support projects, and capacity enhancement to strengthen economic connectivity within and outside the ASEAN region.

Effectively implement bilateral and multilateral agreements on infrastructure development, particularly transportation infrastructure, to facilitate passenger and cargo transport across borders, inter-country transport, and multimodal transport within the framework of ASEAN, the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), and with other countries around the world.

Proactively and actively cooperate with countries and territories worldwide to promote economic, trade, and investment relations, especially creating more favorable access to major and important markets for Vietnam's export goods. Effectively implement Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), especially new-generation FTAs that Vietnam is a member of, maximizing the benefits these FTAs bring.

Proactively and actively participate in international treaties, bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms, and intensify international cooperation on water resources based on respecting international law and the interests of each relevant country in exploiting, using, and managing transboundary water resources.

Proactively and actively participate in international treaties and agreements on climate change, utilizing international resources allocated for climate change response.

Article 15. Implementation of Planning

1. The National Master Plan for the period 2021-2030, with a vision to 2050 (hereinafter referred to as the National Master Plan) approved by this Resolution serves as the basis and reference for developing the national marine spatial planning, national land use planning, national sectoral planning, regional planning, provincial planning, special administrative-economic unit planning, urban planning, and rural planning nationwide. The implementation of key national programs and projects must ensure consistency with the practical development requirements of the country and the goals and orientations determined in this Resolution. National planning systems already decided or approved by competent authorities according to the Law on Planning must be reviewed and adjusted appropriately to ensure consistency with the National Master Plan.

2. The Government and the Prime Minister shall undertake the following tasks:

a) Be responsible for the accuracy of data, documents, system diagrams, maps, and databases in the National Master Plan dossier, ensuring consistency with the content of this Resolution;

b) Organize the implementation of this Resolution in conjunction with directing the implementation of economic and social development tasks as prescribed by law; issue a plan to implement the National Master Plan to achieve the targets and tasks set out in the planning; organize the evaluation of the implementation of the National Master Plan according to the Law on Planning;

c) Direct the publication of the National Master Plan in accordance with the law on planning; implement the plan to carry out the National Master Plan;

d) Study and develop mechanisms, policies, and solutions to attract investment, ensure financial resources, social security, defense, security, human resource development, science, technology, environmental protection to implement the targets, tasks, and orientations determined in the National Master Plan;

g) Strengthen inspection and supervision of planning implementation; strictly handle organizations and individuals violating the National Master Plan decided by the National Assembly;

e) Develop principles for prioritizing the use of marine space for sectors and fields in the national marine spatial planning;

f) Enhance inspection and supervision of planning implementation; strictly handle organizations and individuals violating the National Master Plan decided by the National Assembly;

3. The Standing Committee of the National Assembly, the National Ethnic Council, the Committees of the National Assembly, Delegations of the National Assembly, and National Assembly deputies shall supervise the implementation of this Resolution.

4. The Vietnam Fatherland Front and its member organizations, and other social organizations established under the law, within their respective functions and powers, shall supervise and publicize, mobilize the people to implement this Resolution.

This Resolution was adopted by the 15th Session of the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its second extraordinary session on January 9, 2023./.

ANNEX

LIST OF PROJECTS EXPECTED TO BE KEY NATIONAL PROJECTS FOR THE PERIOD 2021-2030 WITH A VISION TO 2050
(Attached to Resolution No. 81/2023/QH15 dated January 9, 2023 of the National Assembly)