Circular No. 152/2025/TT-BTC guiding accounting for households engaged in business and individual traders

MINISTRY OF FINANCE -------	SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness ---------------
Number: 152/2025/TT-BTC	Hanoi, December 31, 2025

 

CIRCULAR

GUIDELINES FOR ACCOUNTING OF HOUSEHOLDS AND INDIVIDUALS ENGAGED IN BUSINESS

Pursuant to the Accounting Law No. 88/2015/QH13 dated November 20, 2015;

Pursuant to the Law amending and supplementing certain articles of the Securities Law, the Accounting Law, the Independent Audit Law, the State Budget Law, the Management and Use of Public Assets Law, the Tax Administration Law, the Personal Income Tax Law, the National Reserve Law, the Administrative Violation Handling Law No. 56/2024/QH15 dated November 29, 2024;

Pursuant to the Tax Administration Law No. 108/2025/QH15 dated December 10, 2025;

Pursuant to the Value Added Tax Law No. 48/2024/QH15 dated November 26, 2024 and the Law amending and supplementing certain articles of the Value Added Tax Law No. 149/2025/QH15 dated December 11, 2025;

Pursuant to the Personal Income Tax Law No. 109/2025/QH15 dated December 10, 2025;

Pursuant to the Decree No. 29/2025/NĐ-CP dated February 24, 2025 of the Government stipulating the functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Finance;

Pursuant to Decree No. 166/2025/NĐ-CP dated June 30, 2025 of the Government amending and supplementing certain articles of Decree No. 29/2025/NĐ-CP dated February 24, 2025 of the Government stipulating the functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Finance;

At the proposal of the Director of the Department of Accounting and Auditing Supervision;

The Minister of Finance issues this Circular guiding accounting for households and individuals engaged in business.

PART I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of Regulation and Applicability

Article 1. This Circular guides the recording of accounting books for households and individuals engaged in business.

Article 2. The subjects to which this Circular applies are households and individuals engaged in business.

Article 3. Organization of accounting work

The representative of households and individuals engaged in business shall record accounting books themselves, arrange for someone to keep accounts, or hire accounting services for households and individuals engaged in business in accordance with the provisions of the law. The representative of households and individuals engaged in business may arrange for their father, mother, adoptive father, adoptive mother, wife, husband, biological child, adopted child, brother, sister, or half-sibling to keep accounts for households and individuals engaged in business, or arrange for someone who manages, operates, oversees inventory, handles cash, or is regularly tasked with buying and selling assets to concurrently keep accounts for households and individuals engaged in business.

Article 4. On accounting books and storage of accounting documents

Clause 1. Households and individuals engaged in business may choose to store accounting documents (invoices, accounting vouchers, accounting books, etc.) on electronic media or in paper form.

Clause 2. The minimum retention period for accounting documents of households and individuals engaged in business is five years. For the retention period of invoices, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the tax law.

Clause 3. In addition to the accounting books guided in this Circular, households and individuals engaged in business may supplement additional accounting books or modify the format of the accounting books to suit their needs. Any additional accounting books opened or modified formats must still clearly state the name of the book; date, month, year of establishment; full name and signature, stamp (if any) of the representative of households and individuals engaged in business.

Clause 4. In cases where households and individuals engaged in business use electronic invoices and are supported by the tax authority's information management system to determine the value-added tax (VAT), personal income tax (PIT), and other taxes payable (if any) and notify the taxpayer, households and individuals engaged in business shall use the accounting books guided in this Circular to monitor and reconcile with the taxes payable as notified by the tax authority.

Chapter II

SPECIFIC PROVISIONS

Section 1. ACCOUNTING AT HOUSEHOLDS AND INDIVIDUALS ENGAGED IN BUSINESS THAT ARE NOT SUBJECT TO VALUE ADDED TAX AND ARE NOT REQUIRED TO PAY PERSONAL INCOME TAX

Article 4. In the case of households and individuals engaged in business that are not subject to value added tax and are not required to pay personal income tax

1. Households and individuals engaged in business that are not subject to value added tax and are not required to pay personal income tax shall use the Sales Revenue Book for Goods and Services (Form S1a-HKD) below to record sales revenue from goods and services, specifically:

HOUSEHOLD OR INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS: ….. Fax: …………………………….. Tax code: ………………………..

Form S1a-HKD (Attached to Circular No. 152/2025/TT-BTC dated December 31, 2025 of the Minister of Finance)

 

SALES REVENUE BOOK FOR GOODS AND SERVICES

Business location: …

Reporting period: ...

Unit of measurement:

Date	Explanation	Amount
A	B	1
	Total

 

Date... month... year... REPRESENTATIVE OF THE HOUSEHOLD ENGAGED IN BUSINESS/ INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS (Signature, full name, stamp if applicable)

 

2. Method of recording in the book

a) This book is opened to record sales revenue from goods and services as the basis for declaration and determination whether the household or individual engaged in business falls within the category subject to VAT and personal income tax according to the laws on taxation. If the household or individual engaged in business declares sales revenue according to the laws on taxation, they may use this book to monitor and reconcile data with the tax authority.

b) Method of recording

- Column A: Record the date of entry.

- Column B: Record the explanation of sales revenue from selling goods and services. The household or individual engaged in business can record it based on each transaction or periodically.

- Column 1: Record the amount of sales revenue from goods and services.

Section 2. ACCOUNTING AT HOUSEHOLDS AND INDIVIDUALS ENGAGED IN BUSINESS THAT ARE SUBJECT TO VALUE ADDED TAX AND ARE REQUIRED TO PAY PERSONAL INCOME TAX

Households and individuals engaged in business shall base their accounting on one of the cases prescribed in Article 5 or Article 6 of this Circular according to the method of paying VAT and personal income tax, specifically as follows:

Article 5. In the case of households and individuals engaged in business paying VAT and personal income tax at a percentage rate (%) of sales revenue

1. Accounting vouchers used are Invoices and other documents serving as the basis for determining and declaring sales revenue according to the laws on taxation.

2. Accounting Books

2.1. Sales Revenue Book for Goods and Services (Form S2a-HKD)

Households and individuals engaged in business shall use the Sales Revenue Book for Goods and Services according to the following form to record sales revenue from goods and services:

HOUSEHOLD OR INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS: ….. Fax: …………………………….. Tax code: ………………………..

Form S2a-HKD (Attached to Circular No. 152/2025/TT-BTC dated December 31, 2025 of the Minister of Finance)

 

SALES REVENUE BOOK FOR GOODS AND SERVICES

Business location: …

Reporting period: ...

Unit of measurement:

Payment voucher		Explanation	Amount
Number	Date, month
A	B	C	1
		1. Business sector ...
		…..
		Total (1)
		TOTAL FILM PRODUCTION COSTS
		Personal Income Tax
		2. Business sector...
		…..
		Total (2)
		TOTAL FILM PRODUCTION COSTS
		Personal Income Tax
		3. Business sector ...
		…..
		Total (3)
		TOTAL FILM PRODUCTION COSTS
		Personal Income Tax
		Total VAT payable
		Total Personal Income Tax payable

 

Date... month... year... REPRESENTATIVE OF THE HOUSEHOLD ENGAGED IN BUSINESS/ INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS (Signature, write full name and stamp (if applicable))

 

2.2. Method of recording in the book

a) This book is opened to record sales revenue from goods and services according to each group of business sectors with the same percentage rate for calculating VAT or the same tax rate for calculating personal income tax. In the case where households and individuals engaged in business have multiple different business sectors, this book can be opened for each business sector with the same percentage rate for calculating VAT or the same tax rate for calculating personal income tax. In the case where the tax authority provides tax payment data for VAT and personal income tax, households and individuals engaged in business use this book to monitor and reconcile the VAT and personal income tax payable with the tax authority.

b) Method of recording

- Columns A and B: Record the number, date, and month of the voucher.

- Column C: Record the explanation of the content of sales revenue from goods and services according to each business sector with the same percentage rate for calculating VAT or the same tax rate for calculating personal income tax.

- Column 1: Record the amount of sales revenue from goods and services which can be recorded by each business sector to determine sales revenue from goods and services with the same percentage rate for calculating VAT or the same tax rate for calculating personal income tax. Based on the determined sales revenue, households and individuals engaged in business calculate the amount of VAT and personal income tax payable according to each business sector with the same percentage rate or the same tax rate. The last row records the total VAT and personal income tax payable.

Article 6. In the case of households and individuals engaged in business activities that pay VAT at a percentage rate on turnover and personal income tax on taxable income, invoices, purchase lists for goods and services (for cases where households and individuals engaged in business activities purchase goods and services from sellers who do not issue VAT invoices or sales invoices), and other accounting documents shall serve as the basis for determining turnover and taxable income in accordance with the provisions of the tax laws.

1. Accounting vouchers

The invoice, purchase list for goods and services (in the case where households and individuals engaged in business activities purchase goods and services from sellers who do not issue VAT invoices or sales invoices), and other accounting documents shall serve as the basis for determining turnover and taxable income in accordance with the provisions of the tax laws.

2. Accounting Books

2.1. Households and individuals engaged in business activities shall use the following accounting ledgers:

Serial number	Name of accounting book	Code
1	Sales revenue ledger for goods and services	Model number S2b-HKD
2	Detailed sales revenue and expense ledger	Model number S2c-HKD
3	Detailed materials, tools, products, and goods ledger	Model number S2d-HKD
4	Detailed cash ledger	Model number S2e-HKD

2.2. Forms and methods of recording accounting ledgers

2.2.1. Sales revenue ledger for goods and services (Model number S2b-HKD)

HOUSEHOLD OR INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS: ….. Fax: …………………………….. Tax code: ………………………..

Model number S2b-HKD (Attached to Circular No. 152/2025/TT-BTC dated December 31, 2025 of the Minister of Finance)

 

SALES REVENUE BOOK FOR GOODS AND SERVICES

Business location: …

Reporting period: ...

Unit of measurement:

Payment voucher		Explanation	Amount
Number	Date, month
A	B	C	1
		1. Business sector ...
		….
		Total (1)
		TOTAL FILM PRODUCTION COSTS
		2. Business sector...
		….
		Total (2)
		TOTAL FILM PRODUCTION COSTS
		3. Industry...
		…
		Total (3)
		TOTAL FILM PRODUCTION COSTS
		4. Industry...
		….
		Total (4)
		TOTAL FILM PRODUCTION COSTS
		5. Industry...
		…
		Total (5)
		TOTAL FILM PRODUCTION COSTS
		Total VAT payable

 

Date... month... year... REPRESENTATIVE OF THE HOUSEHOLD ENGAGED IN BUSINESS/ INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS (Signature, write full name and stamp (if applicable))

 

Ledger recording method:

a) This ledger is opened to record sales revenue from goods and services according to each group of industry categories with the same percentage rate for calculating VAT. In cases where households and individuals engaged in business activities have multiple different industry categories, this ledger may be opened for each industry category with the same percentage rate for calculating VAT. If the tax authority provides data on VAT payments, households and individuals engaged in business activities will use this ledger to monitor and reconcile the amount of VAT payable with the tax authority.

b) Method of recording

- Columns A and B: Record the number, date, and month of the voucher.

- Column C: Record the explanation of the content of sales revenue from goods and services according to each industry category with the same percentage rate for calculating VAT.

- Column 1: Record the amount of sales revenue from goods and services, which can be recorded by industry category to determine the sales revenue from goods and services according to each industry category with the same percentage rate for calculating VAT. Based on the determined revenue, households and individuals engaged in business activities calculate the amount of VAT payable according to each industry category with the same percentage rate for calculating VAT. The last row records the total VAT payable.

2.2.2. Detailed sales revenue and expense ledger (Model number S2c-HKD)

HOUSEHOLD OR INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS: ….. Fax: …………………………….. Tax code: ………………………..

Model number S2c-HKD (Attached to Circular No. 152/2025/TT-BTC dated December 31, 2025 of the Minister of Finance)

 

DETAILED SALES REVENUE AND EXPENSE LEDGER

Business location name: ...

Reporting period: ...

Unit of measurement:

Payment voucher		Explanation	Amount
Number	Date, month
A	B	C	1
		1. Sales revenue from goods and services
		2. Reasonable expenses
		a) Raw material, material, fuel, energy, and goods expenses used in production and business operations.
		b) Wages, salaries, allowances, mandatory insurance, and other payments made to employees who contribute to mandatory insurance, as well as wages, salaries, allowances, and other payments made to employees under one month.
		c) Depreciation expenses of fixed assets used in production and business operations according to management, usage, and depreciation rules (if applicable).
		d) Expenses for external services such as electricity, water, telephone, internet, transportation, asset rental, repair, and maintenance.
		d) Interest expenses on loans for production and business operations from financial institutions at actual interest rates. Interest expenses on loans for production and business operations from non-financial institutions shall not exceed the limit prescribed in the Civil Code.
		e) Other expenses directly serving production and business operations...
		3. Difference {(3) = (1) - (2)}
		4. Total personal income tax payable {(4) = (3) x tax rate}

 

Date... month... year... REPRESENTATIVE OF THE HOUSEHOLD ENGAGED IN BUSINESS/ INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS (Signature, write full name and stamp (if applicable))

Ledger recording method:

a) Households and individuals engaged in business activities open this ledger to determine their personal income tax obligations in accordance with the tax laws. If the tax authority provides data on personal income tax payments, households and individuals engaged in business activities will use this ledger to reconcile the amount of personal income tax payable with the tax authority.

b) Method of recording

- Columns A and B: Record the number, date, and month of the voucher.

- Column C: Record the explanation of the transaction details.

- Column 1: Record the amount corresponding to each item listed in column C.

- Row 1: Households and individuals engaged in business activities base the total sales revenue from goods and services on accounting documents, or they may record it according to each transaction detail based on their needs.

- Row 2: Record the total reasonable expenses based on actual expenses incurred at households and individuals engaged in business activities, or they may record it according to each transaction detail based on their needs.

- Households and individuals engaged in business activities calculate the difference between total sales revenue and total reasonable expenses as the basis for calculating the personal income tax payable.

The determination of sales revenue and reasonable expenses to determine personal income tax obligations is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the tax laws.

2.2.3. Detailed materials, tools, products, and goods ledger (Model number S2d-HKD)

HOUSEHOLD OR INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS: ….. Fax: …………………………….. Tax code: ………………………..

Model number S2d-HKD (Attached to Circular No. 152/2025/TT-BTC dated December 31, 2025 of the Minister of Finance)

 

DETAILED MATERIALS, TOOLS, PRODUCTS, AND GOODS LEDGER

Name of materials, tools, products, and goods ...

Reporting period ...

Payment voucher		Explanation	Unit of Measurement	Unit price	Input		Excellent		Inventory		Remarks
Number	Date, month				Quantity	Total Amount	Quantity	Total Amount	Quantity	Total Amount
A	B	C	D	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
		Opening balance
		Total occurrence within the period	X	X
		End-of-period balance			X	X	X	X

 

Date... month... year... REPRESENTATIVE OF THE HOUSEHOLD ENGAGED IN BUSINESS/ INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS (Signature, write full name and stamp (if applicable))

 

Ledger recording method:

a) Households and individuals engaged in business activities open a detailed materials, tools, products, and goods ledger to monitor and manage the situation of input, output, and inventory for each material, tool, product, and good.

b) Method of recording

- Columns A, B: Record the code and date of the document.

- Column C: Record the explanation of the transaction details.

- Column D: Unit of measurement of materials, tools, products, and goods.

- Column 1: Record the unit price of input, output, and inventory for each material, tool, product, and good. The unit price of input for each material, tool, product, and good is based on the purchase document.

The unit price of output is calculated separately for each type of material, tool, product, and good according to the following formula:

Unit price of output	=	(Beginning inventory value + Value of goods received during the period)
		(Beginning inventory quantity + Quantity of goods received during the period)

- Column 2: Record the quantity of materials, tools, products, and goods input.

- Column 3: Record the value (total amount) of materials, tools, products, and goods input (Column 3 = Column 1 x Column 2).

- Column 4: Record the quantity of materials, tools, products, and goods output.

- Column 5: Record the value (total amount) of materials, tools, products, and goods output (Column 5 = Column 1 x Column 4).

- Column 6: Record the quantity of materials, tools, products, and goods inventory.

- Column 7: Record the value (total amount) of materials, tools, products, and goods inventory (Column 7 = Column 1 x Column 6).

2.2.4. Detailed cash ledger (Model number S2e-HKD)

HOUSEHOLD OR INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS: ….. Fax: …………………………….. Tax code: ………………………..

Model number S2e-HKD (Attached to Circular No. 152/2025/TT-BTC dated December 31, 2025 of the Minister of Finance)

 

DETAILED CASH LEDGER

Reporting period: ...

Unit of measurement: ....

Payment voucher		Explanation	Amount
Number	Date		Receipts/Deposits	Payments/Withdrawals
A	B	C	1	2
		Cash
		Cash at beginning of period
		….
		….
		Total receipts during the period
		Total payments during the period
		Cash at end of period
		Non-interest-bearing deposits
		IMPLEMENTED
		Deposits at beginning of period
		…
		…
		Total deposits during the period
		Total withdrawals during the period
		Deposits at end of period
		Bank...
		….

 

Date... month... year... REPRESENTATIVE OF THE HOUSEHOLD ENGAGED IN BUSINESS/ INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS (Signature, write full name and stamp (if applicable))

Ledger recording method:

a) Households engaged in business operations and individual business operators must maintain a detailed cash book to monitor income and expenditure transactions conducted in cash or demand deposits (funds for payment purposes) in their accounts at banks and service providers according to the provisions of the law. Households engaged in business operations and individual business operators may maintain this detailed record separately for each type of currency (cash, demand deposits). For demand deposits, households engaged in business operations and individual business operators may separately track the amount deposited at each bank or service provider.

b) Method of recording

- Column A, B: Record the number and date of the document.

- Column C: Record the explanation of the transaction details.

- Columns 1, 2: Record the amount of cash received or spent, or the amount of demand deposit deposited or withdrawn.

At the end of the period, households engaged in business operations and individual business operators shall calculate the amount of cash received, spent, and remaining in the fund, as well as the amount of demand deposit deposited or withdrawn, and the balance at the end of the period.

Section 3. ACCOUNTING AT HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND INDIVIDUAL BUSINESS OPERATORS WITH ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO OTHER TYPES OF TAXES

Article 7. In case households engaged in business operations and individual business operators have activities subject to other types of taxes

In case households engaged in business operations and individual business operators have activities subject to other types of taxes (export tax, import tax, special consumption tax, natural resource tax, environmental protection tax, land use tax), they shall use an additional tax obligation tracking book (Form S3a-HKD) as follows:

HOUSEHOLD OR INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS: ….. Fax: …………………………….. Tax code: ………………………..

Form S3a-HKD (Attached to Circular No. 152/2025/TT-BTC dated December 31, 2025 of the Minister of Finance)

 

BOOK FOR TRACKING OTHER TAX OBLIGATIONS

Business location: …

Reporting period: ...

Unit of measurement:

Date of recording	Explanation	Quantity of goods and services subject to tax	Absolute tax rate	Tax calculation price per unit of goods and services	Machine tools for machining complete units (one operation position) and machine tools for multi-position machining to process metals.	Other types of taxes
						Export tax, import tax, special consumption tax			Environmental protection tax	MINERAL RESOURCES TAX	Land use tax
						Apply the percentage-based tax calculation method	Apply the absolute tax calculation method (if applicable)	Amount of Tax Due
A	B	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Total

 

Date... month... year... REPRESENTATIVE OF THE HOUSEHOLD ENGAGED IN BUSINESS/ INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED IN BUSINESS (Signature, write full name and stamp (if applicable))

Ledger recording method:

- Column A: Record the date of entry.

- Column B: Record the explanation of the transaction.

- Column 1: Record the quantity of goods and services subject to tax.

- Column 2: Record the absolute tax rate according to the laws on export tax, import tax, special consumption tax, and environmental protection tax.

- Column 3: Record the tax calculation price per unit of goods and services according to the laws on tax.

- Column 4: Record the tax rate according to the laws on export tax, import tax, special consumption tax, natural resource tax, and land use tax.

- Column 5: Calculate export tax, import tax, and special consumption tax using the percentage-based tax calculation method (Column 5 = Column 1 x Column 3 x Column 4).

- Column 6: Calculate export tax, import tax, and special consumption tax using the absolute tax calculation method (Column 6 = Column 1 x Column 2).

- Column 7: Calculate the total export tax, import tax, and special consumption tax payable (Column 7 = Column 5 + Column 6).

- Column 8: Calculate the total environmental protection tax payable (Column 8 = Column 1 x Column 2).

- Column 9: Calculate the total natural resource tax payable (Column 9 = Column 1 x Column 3 x Column 4).

- Column 10: Calculate the total land use tax payable (Column 10 = Column 1 x Column 3 x Column 4).

Chapter III

IMPLEMENTATION

Article 8. Effective Date

1. This Circular takes effect from January 1, 2026.

2. Circular No. 88/2021/TT-BTC dated October 11, 2021 issued by the Minister of Finance guiding accounting regulations for households engaged in business operations and individual business operators shall cease to be effective from the date this Circular takes effect.

3. Provincial People's Committees, Departments of Finance, and Taxation of cities directly under the Central Government shall be responsible for implementing and guiding households engaged in business operations and individual business operators to comply with this Circular.

4. Any difficulties encountered during implementation should be reported to the Ministry of Finance for research and resolution./.

 

Place of Receipt: - Central Party Committee Secretariat; - Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Ministers; - Central Party Office and Party Committees; - General Secretary's Office; - National Assembly's Office; - National Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly; - President's Office; - Supreme People's Procuracy; - SUPREME PEOPLE'S COURT; - State Audit Agency; - Vietnam Fatherland Front Central Committee; - Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry; - Ministries, agencies equivalent to ministries, and government agencies; - Provincial People's Councils, Provincial People's Committees; - Provincial Departments of Finance under central cities; - Provincial and Municipal Tax Departments; - Department of Legal Affairs and Administrative Violation Handling (Ministry of Justice); - Vietnam Association of Accountants and Auditors; - Vietnam Association of Certified Public Accountants; - National Legal Database; - Official Gazette; Electronic Portal: Government, Ministry of Finance; - Units under and directly affiliated with the Ministry of Finance; - To be filed: VT, Directorate of Accounting and Auditing (100 copies)

DEPUTY MINISTER DEPUTY MINISTER Nguyen Duc Tam