Consolidated Document number 20/VBHN-BQP stipulating the management of aviation obstacles' height and airspace protection zones in Vietnam.

DECREE

Provisions on the management of aviation obstacle heights
and air traffic control and airspace protection sites in Vietnam

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Decree No. 32/2016/NĐ-CP dated May 6, 2016 of the Government stipulates the management of aviation obstacle heights and air traffic control and airspace protection sites in Vietnam, which took effect from June 26, 2016, amended and supplemented by:

Decree No. 101/2025/NĐ-CP dated May 9, 2025 of the Government amending and supplementing certain provisions of Decree No. 32/2016/NĐ-CP dated May 6, 2016 of the Government stipulating the management of aviation obstacle heights and air traffic control and airspace protection sites in Vietnam and Decree No. 42/2016/NĐ-CP dated May 15, 2016 of the Government stipulating conditions, procedures, and formalities for opening and closing dedicated airports, which took effect from June 23, 2025.

||| Pursuant to the Law on Organization of the Government dated June 19, 2015;

Based on the Law on National Defense dated June 14, 2005;

Pursuant to the Civil Aviation Law of Vietnam dated June 29, 2006;

Based on the Law Amending and Supplementing Certain Provisions of the Civil Aviation Law of Vietnam dated November 21, 2014;

Pursuant to the Ordinance on Protection of National Defense Works and Military Areas dated May 19, 1994;

At the proposal of the Minister of National Defense,

The Government promulgates this Decree stipulating the management of aviation obstacle heights and air traffic control and airspace protection sites in Vietnam[1].

Chapter I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of Regulation

This Decree stipulates the height limits of aviation obstacles for military airports, civil airports, joint-use airports, dedicated airports, ground and water landing areas, artificial structures, air traffic control and airspace protection sites, and aviation radio stations; warning of aviation obstacles; planning construction of military airports, civil airports, joint-use airports, air traffic control and airspace protection sites, and aviation radio stations; height of structures; responsibilities of agencies, organizations, and individuals in managing aviation obstacle heights and air traffic control and airspace protection sites in Vietnam.

Article 2. Applicability

This Decree applies to agencies, organizations, and individuals in Vietnam and foreign organizations and individuals related to the management of aviation obstacle heights, air traffic control and airspace protection sites, and aviation radio stations in Vietnam.

Article 3. Explanation of Terms

In this Decree, the following terms are understood as follows:

1. Aviation obstacles are natural or artificial objects (fixed or mobile) located on land, water, or artificial structures that may affect the safety of flight operations or the normal operation of air traffic control and airspace protection sites and aviation radio stations.

2. Management of aviation obstacle heights involves implementing tasks such as approving structure heights, inspecting, supervising, relocating objects, announcing, and informing the heights of aviation obstacles to relevant agencies, organizations, and individuals to ensure safety for all flight activities and the normal operation of air traffic control and airspace protection sites and aviation radio stations in Vietnam.

3. An airport is a defined area constructed to ensure aircraft takeoff, landing, and movement, including:

a) Operational airports;

b) Planned airports within the national airport system;

c) Landing zones designated for helicopter takeoff and landing;

d) Airport roads, dual-purpose roads, designated for aircraft takeoff and landing when necessary;

đ) Water runways, areas of sea, river, lake surfaces designated for seaplane takeoff and landing.

4. According to their purpose, airports are classified as follows:

a) Civil airports serving civilian purposes;

b) Military airports serving military purposes;

c) Joint-use airports serving both military and civilian purposes;

d) Dedicated airports exclusively serving general aviation or passenger, baggage, cargo, and mail transportation without public transport.

5. Air traffic control and airspace protection sites are areas designated for the purpose of managing, detecting, monitoring flight activities, and protecting airspace.

6. Runway is a defined area within an airport or water runway used for aircraft takeoff and landing.

7. Runway threshold is the starting point of the runway section used for aircraft landing.

8. Hazard warning lights are lights used to warn aircraft of dangers during air operations.

9. Runway end safety area is an extended area of the runway designed to reduce the risk of aircraft accidents during takeoff and landing.

10. Side safety area is a part of the flight path adjacent to the runway sides designed to reduce the risk of aircraft accidents during takeoff and landing.

11. Airport elevation is the highest point on the runway above mean sea level.

12. Airport reference point, ground landing zone, artificial structure, water runway reference point is a geographic location marked by coordinates VN-2000 or WGS-84.

13. Airport airspace is an aerial area with horizontal and vertical boundaries suitable for each airport, serving aircraft takeoff, landing, and holding patterns over the airport.

14. Adjacent complex terrain area of the airport is a region with complex terrain or affected by restricted flight zones where circling or takeoff and landing maneuvers cannot be established.

15. Fragile object is a small object designed to break, bend, or deform easily to minimize danger to aircraft upon impact.

16. Shadowing is the study of existing terrain, objects, and artificial structures to calculate appropriate heights for new artificial structures. Shadowing applications must ensure flight safety, and the height of new structures must lie below the surface limit sloping at 10% from the top of existing objects.

17. Obstacle surface is the maximum height limit of objects ensuring safety for aircraft during takeoff, climb, cruise, turn, descent, and landing phases; ensuring normal operation for air traffic control and airspace protection sites and aviation radio stations.

18. Ground and water surface flight strip is a rectangular area with dimensions as prescribed in the accompanying Decree. Appendix I and Seal Registration Certificate 19. Air obstacle warning involves painting, marking signs, installing warning lights, or placing markers, flagging obstacles to ensure pilots and crew can see warnings from a safe distance in all directions during flight.

20. Airport clear zone is the airspace surrounding an airport where no obstacles that affect aircraft takeoff and landing safety shall be present. The airport clear zone has obstacle limitation surfaces appropriate to the airport's classification.

21. Clear zones for air traffic control sites, airspace protection sites, and aviation radio stations are airspace areas (obstacle limitation surfaces) determined in accordance with the location and functions of equipment to ensure there are no obstacles causing safety hazards and affecting the operation of air traffic control sites and aviation radio stations.

22. Special flight zones are areas above national administrative centers of provinces and centrally governed cities established with flight corridors for parades and reviews.

Article 4. General provisions on planning construction, managing military airport clear zones, civil airport clear zones, shared-use airport clear zones, dedicated airport clear zones, ground and water surface takeoff and landing areas, artificial structures, air traffic control sites, and aviation radio stations.

1. Planning construction of military airports, civil airports, shared-use airports, dedicated airports, takeoff and landing areas, runways, water surface takeoff and landing strips, air traffic control sites, and aviation radio stations must comply with the national defense strategy and the provisions in

Articles 5, 6, and 7 of this Decree, while also meeting the needs for economic and social development of the country.2. Construction areas for military airports, civil airports, shared-use airports, dedicated airports, ground and water surface takeoff and landing areas, artificial structures, air traffic control sites, and aviation radio stations must comply with laws on land management, protection of defense works, military zones, and aviation obstacle height regulations stipulated in this Decree.

3. Approval authority for planning

a) The Prime Minister approves overall plans for the development of shared-use airports, civil airports, and military airports;

b) The Minister of National Defense approves plans for dedicated airports, ground and water surface takeoff and landing areas, artificial structures, and air traffic control site management and protection plans. The General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army issues basic airport clear zone surfaces for military airports, civil airports, shared-use airports, and special flight zones to serve as a basis for provincial People's Committees, agencies, and units when planning urban space, high-rise residential areas, industrial infrastructure areas to ensure compliance with construction height management regulations under the law;

c) The Minister of Construction

approves detailed plans for national civil airports and air cargo ports, except for dedicated airports; approves plans for the system of aviation radio stations.[2] AVIATION OBSTACLE HEIGHTS AND AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SITES

Chapter II. HEIGHTS OF OBSTRUCTIONS TO AIR NAVIGATION AND CONTROLLED AREAS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE AIRSPACE

Section 1. SURFACES OF OBSTRUCTION LIMITS AND AIRCRAFT WARNING OBSTRUCTIONS

Article 5. Obstruction Limit Surfaces

1. Airports must determine obstruction limit surfaces according to flight paths and airport levels. The dimensions of the obstruction limit surfaces for airports are specified in Appendix I and Seal Registration Certificate issued together with this Decree.

2. Obstruction limit surfaces for airfield management and airspace protection areas are specified in ANNEX III issued together with this Decree.

3. The minimum distance to ensure technical safety of civil aviation radio stations in Vietnam from obstructions is stipulated in Appendix V issued together with this Decree.

Article 6. Flight Paths

All land and water airports must define flight paths, the dimensions of which are specified in Appendix I and Seal Registration Certificate issued together with this Decree. The General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army shall specify the dimensions of flight paths for each airport.

Article 7. Obstructions Must Be Marked for Aircraft Warning

1. The following obstructions must be marked for aircraft warning:

a) Those exceeding the airport's obstruction limit surface heights;

b) Located within the adjacent airspace of the airport, with a height of 45 meters or more above the airport elevation;

c) Outside the adjacent airspace, with a height of 45 meters or more above natural ground level;

d) Obstructions specified in REGULATIONS ON THE CERTIFICATE DESIGN FOR OUTSTANDING RURAL INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS issued together with this Decree.

2. Exemptions from aircraft warning marking shall be considered and decided by the Operations Department of the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army and stated in the approval document for construction project heights.

||| Section 2. MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION HEIGHT

Article 8. General Provisions on Management of Construction Heights

1. Ministries, sectors, and provincial People's Committees (hereinafter referred to as provincial People's Committees) before approving general planning schemes or detailed planning schemes for urban areas, high-rise residential areas, industrial infrastructure zones, economic zones, special zones, and high-tech zones, must obtain opinions from the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army to unify the construction height management surfaces. The opinion solicitation process of the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army shall be carried out according to the procedures and formalities prescribed in Article 10 and 11 of this Decree.

2. Local authorities with construction permit issuance authority must comply strictly with the construction height regulations approved by competent state agencies at Point b Clause 3 Article 4 and Article 11 of this Decree.

Article 9. Projects and Construction Works Requiring Approval for Construction Height Management

1. Construction works exceeding the planned obstruction limit surface heights of airports and those located within the airport vicinity with a height of 45 meters or more above the airport elevation.

2. Construction works exceeding the published obstruction limit surface heights for aviation or having a height of 45 meters or more above natural ground level, located outside urban planning areas and spaces that have been unified with the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army regarding height according to Point b Clause 3 Article 4 and Article 8 of this Decree.

3. Lighting pole systems in the clear zone at the front of airports; high-voltage power transmission lines, cableways, radio wave transmission and reception stations, wind power facilities; construction works within the impact range and adjacent to areas allocated for airfield management and airspace protection and civil aviation radio stations.

Article 10. Procedure for Requesting Approval of Construction Height

1. Documents for requesting approval of construction height:

a) A request document for approving construction height in accordance with Form No. 01- ĐNCTĐC (for organizations) and Form No. 02-ĐNCTĐC (for individuals) attached as Appendix VI to this Decree;

b) A copy of the map or spatial diagram of the construction area indicating the location of the construction project;

c) A copy of one of the documents proving ownership, management, or use of the construction project or residential building in accordance with the provisions of the law.

2.[3] The competent authority for construction permit issuance or the investor, owner of the construction project shall prepare one set of documents in accordance with Clause 1 of this Article and submit it directly to the Operations Department of the General Staff Department of the Vietnam People's Army, or through postal services, or online via the National Public Service Portal or the Ministry of National Defense Administrative Procedures Information System. In case of submitting documents online, electronic copies or scanned copies of the documents specified in Clause 1 of this Article shall be sent.

3. Address for receiving documents for requesting approval of construction height from organizations, individuals, and investors:

a) Receiving agency: Operations Department - General Staff Department of the Vietnam People's Army;

b) Address and mailbox: No. 1 Nguyen Tri Phuong Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi City;

c) Contact phone number: 069 696 172; 069 696 108; fax: 04.37337994.

Article 11. Resolution of Requests for Approval of Construction Height

1.[4] From the date of receipt of complete and valid documents, the Operations Department of the General Staff Department shall be responsible for reviewing, assessing, and issuing a document approving or not approving the construction height request, which will be sent electronically to the organization or individual making the request; if the organization or individual requests to receive the result via email, it will be sent via email; at the same time, a document will be sent to the local construction permit issuing authority, the Vietnam Civil Aviation Authority, the Vietnam Air Traffic Management Corporation, the Regional Civil Aviation Office, and other relevant agencies and units within the following deadlines:

a) Ten (10) working days, for projects constructing residential buildings, urban areas, high-rise residential areas, industrial infrastructure areas, and lighting pole systems in the airspace clearance zones near airports and other projects as stipulated in Clause 1, Clause 2 of Article 9 of this Decree;

b) Fifteen (15) working days for projects constructing economic zones, special zones, and high-tech industrial parks;

c) Twenty (20) working days for cable car projects, high-voltage power transmission lines under 100 km long, and radio wave transmission and reception station systems numbering from 10 to 50 stations;

d) Thirty (30) working days for high-voltage power transmission lines over 100 km long and radio wave transmission and reception station systems numbering more than 50 stations.

2.[5] If the documents are not valid, within seven (7) working days from the date of receipt of the documents, the Operations Department of the General Staff Department shall issue an electronic document requesting the organization or individual to supplement and complete the documents in accordance with the regulations.

3.[6] If the construction height is not approved, within seven (7) working days, the Operations Department of the General Staff Department shall issue an electronic document providing reasons for the rejection.

4. The approval document for construction height shall include the following basic contents:

a) Name, nature, scale of the construction project;

b) Investor, owner of the construction project;

c) Location of the construction project: Administrative address, geographic coordinates according to the WGS-84 coordinate system (longitude and latitude in degrees, minutes, seconds) and VN 2000 if the construction project is outside the airport vicinity;

d) Maximum allowable height of the construction project above natural ground level or mean sea level;

đ) Air traffic warning instructions;

e) Validity period of the construction height approval document;

g) Other notes (if any).

Chapter III. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE AUTHORITIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND INDIVIDUALS IN MANAGING AIRCRAFT OBSTRUCTION HEIGHTS AND AREAS UNDER MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION

Article 12. Responsibilities of the Ministry of National Defense

1. To take the lead and coordinate with the Ministry of Construction,[7] related ministries, sectors, and provincial people's committees to unify the management of aircraft obstruction heights for military airports, civil airports, joint-use airports, dedicated airports, land and water runways, artificial structures, and areas under management and protection of airspace in Vietnam.

Based on the characteristics of military airport operations, civil airport operations, joint-use airports, dedicated airports, land and water runways, artificial structures, and areas under management and protection of airspace, actual terrain conditions, shadowing principles, urban space development needs, and standards issued together with this Decree, establish aircraft obstruction surface limits according to the principle of ensuring overall safety and efficiency, organizing management and approval of construction heights, facilitating economic and social development, and effectively utilizing national airspace resources. Appendix I, Seal Registration Certificate, ANNEX III, REGULATIONS ON THE CERTIFICATE DESIGN FOR OUTSTANDING RURAL INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, Appendix V issued together with this Decree to establish the surfaces limiting obstructions to air navigation based on the principle of ensuring general safety and efficiency, organizing management, approving construction heights, facilitating economic and social development, and effectively utilizing the country's airspace resources.

2. To take the lead and coordinate with the Ministry of Construction[8] and relevant provincial people's committees to develop comprehensive plans for the development of the military airport system to be submitted to the Prime Minister for approval; to take the lead in organizing the approval of plans for the dedicated airport system and areas under management and protection of airspace in Vietnam.

3. On the basis of defense tasks, the comprehensive plan for developing the national airport system, and the plans for specific airports and systems of areas under management and protection of airspace that have been approved by authorized authorities, the Ministry of National Defense shall unify with relevant ministries, sectors, and localities regarding the planning of management surface limits and construction heights for master plans, detailed construction plans for industrial zones, cities, residential areas, and other elevations.

4. To notify provincial people's committees and relevant ministries and sectors about the necessary contents to ensure the maintenance of the development plan for military airports, civil airports, joint-use airports, and the plan for areas under management and protection of airspace that have been approved by authorized authorities; the aircraft obstruction surface limits of military airports and areas with restricted construction heights to ensure the secrecy of military facilities and air defense operations.

5. Coordinate with relevant ministries, sectors, and local authorities to manage, prevent, and handle the relocation or lowering of heights of structures violating surface obstacle limitation affecting flight operations and airfield management and protection zones; promote and disseminate information to agencies, organizations, and communities near airports and airfield management and protection zones to maintain and manage surface obstacle limitations, ensuring safety for flight operations, airfield management and protection zones, and residential areas.

6. Direct functional units under the Ministry of National Defense and Provincial Military Commanders to coordinate with competent agencies of the Ministry of Construction[9], People's Committees of provinces in managing aviation obstacles; inspect, investigate, and resolve complaints and reports related to compliance with height regulations, airspace warnings, and other relevant regulations concerning approved-height structures; organize measurements of obstacles within airport areas and adjacent airspace that affect flight operations.

7. Direct and guide the management of aviation obstacle surface limitations and airfield management and protection zones, and airspace warning management for Military Regions, Military Services, Commanders of military and civilian airports, joint-use airports, Commanders of airfield management and protection zones, and Commanders of Provincial Military Commands.

Article 13. Responsibilities of the Ministry of Construction [10]

1. Take the lead and coordinate with the Ministry of National Defense, provincial People's Committees, and related agencies:

a) Develop a comprehensive master plan for the development of the national civil aviation port system for submission to the Prime Minister for approval, excluding military and special-purpose airports;

b) Uniformly manage architectural space, urban landscape, and construction planning to ensure the safe operation of airports and airfield management and protection zones in Vietnam.

2. Take the lead and coordinate with the Ministry of National Defense to publicly announce aviation obstacle surface limitations, structure heights related to aviation obstacle surface limitations in areas with civil aviation activities; areas ensuring normal operation of aviation radio stations; obstacle limitations in areas adjacent to civil aviation ports and airports; compile, mark, and publish a list of natural and artificial obstacles that may affect flight safety.

3. Coordinate with the Ministry of National Defense, relevant ministries, sectors, and provincial People's Committees to manage aviation obstacle surface limitations, prevent and handle structures violating aviation obstacle surface limitations affecting civil flight operations; promote and disseminate information to agencies, organizations, and communities near airports and adjacent areas to maintain and manage aviation obstacle surface limitations, ensuring safety for all flight operations.

4. Guide provincial People's Committees to develop general planning projects for constructing urban areas, high-rise residential zones, industrial infrastructure zones, economic zones, special zones, and high-tech zones after obtaining unified documents from the General Staff to serve as a basis for construction permits.

5. Organize surveys, create diagrams, and maps of obstacles in areas of civil flight operations; update and publish information on obstacles and direct competent authorities to coordinate with relevant agencies of the Ministry of National Defense and provincial People's Committees in managing aviation obstacle surfaces.

6. Direct the Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam to coordinate with related agencies and units to implement management of aviation obstacle surface limitations at civil aviation ports, civilian airports, and aviation radio stations.

Article 14. [11] (Repealed)

Article 15. Responsibilities of the Provincial People's Committee

1. Coordinate with the Ministry of National Defense and the Ministry of Construction[12] to develop a comprehensive master plan for the development of military and civilian airports, joint-use airports, airfield management and protection zones, and aviation radio stations; manage aviation obstacle surface limitations, issue construction permits for structures below approved heights according to planning projects or approval documents from relevant agencies of the Ministry of National Defense as stipulated in Point b Clause 3 Article 4, Article 8, Article 9, Article 10, Article 11 of this Decree.

2. Take the lead and coordinate with the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Construction[13] and relevant agencies to organize the relocation or lowering of height, handle according to the provisions of the law for constructions violating obstacle surface limits affecting the safety of flights at airports and airfield management, airspace protection; inspect and handle the construction height and installation of aviation warning systems according to regulations.

3. Take the lead and coordinate with ministries, sectors, provincial military command to plan the management and use of airspace on the territory; review, adjust, supplement socio-economic development plans and sectoral plans of localities in conjunction with overall plans for the development of military airports, civil airports, shared-use airports, and airfield management, airspace protection sites.

4. Take the lead and coordinate with relevant ministries and sectors to disseminate and popularize among local agencies, organizations, and individuals regarding the maintenance and management of obstacle surface limits to ensure safety for airfield management, airspace protection sites and flight activities at airports.

Article 16. Responsibilities of project investors and owners of constructions

1. Implement procedures for requesting approval of construction height as prescribed in Article 9, Article 10, and Article 11 of this Decree; be responsible for the accuracy of information as prescribed in Article 10 of this Decree.

2. Comply with regulations on permitted construction height and be responsible for investing in the installation and maintaining normal operation of aviation warning systems for constructions.

3. Be subject to inspection and supervision by competent authorities regarding permit issuance and contents stipulated in the construction permit, documents approving clearances, and installation of aviation warning systems.

Chapter IV. IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS [14]

Article 17. Funding guarantee

Funding for planning, establishment, publication, and management of aviation obstacle surface limits, airfield management, airspace protection sites, and aviation radio stations shall be guaranteed from the state budget according to current budget classification. Budget estimates, management, and settlement shall be carried out in accordance with the State Budget Law and detailed implementing regulations.

Article 18. Transitional Provisions

For constructions built before the effective date of this Decree, if they have not been approved by the competent authority and violate aviation obstacle surface limit management, they will be handled as follows:

1. The Operations Department shall take the lead and coordinate with the Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam to examine flight operation methods and conditions ensuring operations of airfield management, airspace protection sites, and aviation radio stations. If safety is ensured, procedures for approving construction heights shall be processed.

2. In cases where the requirements for aviation obstacle surface limit management are not met, the competent authority shall handle according to the law.

Article 19. Effective Date

1. This Decree takes effect from June 26, 2016.

2. Decree No. 20/2009/NĐ-CP dated February 23, 2009 of the Government on aviation obstacle surface limit management and airfield management, airspace protection sites in Vietnam shall cease to be effective from the date this Decree takes effect.

Article 20. Implementation

1. The Minister of National Defense is responsible for organizing the implementation of this Decree.

2. Ministers, heads of ministerial-level agencies, heads of agencies under the Government, Chairpersons of People's Committees of provinces and centrally-administered cities, and related agencies, organizations, and individuals in Vietnam and foreign organizations and individuals shall be responsible for enforcing this Decree./.

ANNEX I

CLASSIFICATION AND REGULATION OF OBSTACLE SURFACE LIMITS FOR AVIATION OBSTACLES AT MILITARY AIRPORTS
(Annexed to Decree No. 32/2016/NĐ-CP dated May 6, 2016 of the Government)
MILITARY AIRPORTS

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Section 1

1. Classification of airports

Military airports are classified as follows: Super-class, Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. Based on the length of the runway (RWY), the General Staff Headquarters shall define the class of each airport.

2. Components of the runway

The runway components of military airports include: paved RWY; unpaved RWY; approach end safety areas; and side safety areas.

: Diagram of

Hinvestorsh 1-PLIrunway layout at military airportsn l3. Dimensions of runway components

Based on actual conditions, the General Staff Headquarters shall define the components and dimensions of the runway layout for each airport.

4. Regulations on aviation obstacle surface limits.

a) The size of the airport vicinity area is defined in Figure 2-PLI and Table 1-PLI.

Figure 2-PL

ng vicinity of military airportsI: Vurinary catheterD - Total length; B - Width; A- Middle section length; C- End section length; Iđ: Slope of the end section obstacle surface limit

Note: Within the two end sections of the airport vicinity area (section C, Figure 2-PLI), the natural terrain elevation and man-made structures must not exceed the plane starting from the boundary between the middle and end sections with slope I

- For super-class and Class I airports: I_đ:

- For Class II airports: I_đ = 0,025.

Table 1-PLI: Size of the vicinity area of military airports_đ = 0,125

Size (km)

Table 2-PLI: Approach and takeoff surfaces of military airports

Super-class, I

Note: c) The size and height limit of the transitional, inner horizontal, conical, and outer horizontal surfaces are defined in Figures 3b and 4b-PLI.

c) The dimensions and height limits of the transitional surface, horizontal inner surface, conical surface, and horizontal outer surface are specified in Figures 3b and 4b-PLI.

d) In cases where the airport has difficult terrain and obstacles for airspace clearance, it is permissible to establish a deficient adjacent area, ensuring that aircraft can perform a single-turn pattern or no-turn pattern and adjust the airport obstacle limitation surface. In this case, the boundary of the deficient adjacent area on the side without a turn must be at least 500 meters from the outer edge of the flight strip. Any changes to the adjacent area configuration of the airport and adjustments to the airport obstacle limitation surface must be based on the nature of flight operations, local requirements, and decided by the General Staff Department.

đ) Within the approach and takeoff surfaces of the initial adjacent area:

- Urban areas, industrial zones, hospitals, facilities with large gatherings of people, fuel depots, and explosive or flammable material storage areas shall not be planned for construction.

- High-voltage power lines and antenna towers shall not be constructed. If permitted, they must be located at least 4 kilometers away from the outer edge of the flight strip. This distance may be reduced to 1 kilometer if the high-voltage power lines and antenna towers do not pose a danger to flights and are obscured by natural terrain, buildings, or forests.

- Outside the approach and takeoff surfaces, high-voltage power lines must be at least 1 kilometer away from the flight strip boundary. In all cases, interference with radio communication and navigation equipment must be avoided.

Figure 3a-PLI: Plan view of the initial adjacent area of a military airport in the case of a narrow closed turn at very low altitude

(A) - Plan view of the initial adjacent area: 1- CHC route; 2- Flight strip; 3- Approach and takeoff surfaces; 4- Transition surface; 5- Inner horizontal surface; 6- Conical surface.

(B) - Section I-I.

Figure 3b-PLI: Plan view of the adjacent area of a military airport in the case of a narrow closed turn at very low altitudof the Government stipulating functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Home Affairsp

(A) - Plan view of the initial adjacent area: 1- CHC route; 2- Flight strip; 3- Approach and takeoff surfaces; 4- Transition surface; 5- Inner horizontal surface; 6- Conical surface; 7- Outer horizontal surface.

(B) - Section I-I; B_DB: Width of the flight strip.

Figure 4a-PLI: Plan view of the initial adjacent area of a military airport.

(A) - Plan view of the initial adjacent area: 1- CHC route; 2- Flight strip; 3- Approach and takeoff surfaces; 4- Transition surface; 5- Inner horizontal surface; 6- Conical surface; 7- Outer horizontal surface.

(B) - Section II-II.

Figure 4b-PLI: Plan view of the adjacent area of a military airport

(A) - Plan view of the initial adjacent area: 1- CHC route; 2- Flight strip; 3- Approach and takeoff surfaces; 4- Transition surface; 5- Inner horizontal surface; 6- Conical surface; 7- Outer horizontal surface.

(B) - Section I-I; B_DB: Width of the flight strip.

Section 2

TAKEOFF AND LANDING STRIPS

1. Flight strips of takeoff and landing areas:

The flight strips of takeoff and landing areas must ensure that helicopters can perform vertical takeoff and landing or takeoff and landing with a run-up.

2. Dimensions of flight strips and aviation obstacle clearance requirements for takeoff and landing areas:

a) The dimensions of the obstacle clearance surfaces for takeoff and landing areas are specified in Table 3-PLI and Figure 5-PLI. The starting point for calculating the obstacle clearance height is from the beginning of the flight strip.

b) Distance from the outer edge of the flight strip to high-voltage power lines: Not less than 1,000 meters in the initial airspace; not less than 500 meters in the slope protection zone. Depending on the location of aviation obstacles and high-voltage power lines, specific regulations apply to each takeoff and landing area.

Table 3-PLI: Dimensions of flight strips and takeoff and landing airspace

Figure 5-PLI. Diagram of flight strip dimensions and obstacle height limits for takeoffinternational and landing

Section 3

RUNWAY (ACTIVE SURFACE)

1. Flight strip:

a) The runway flight strip includes: Takeoff and landing strip, head protection, and slope protection.

b) The dimensions of the flight strip are specified in Table 4-PLI and Figure 6-PLI.

Table 4-PLI: Components of the runway flight strip

Figure 6-PLI: Components of the runway flight strip

Note: 1. Takeoff and landing strip; 2. Head protection; 3. Slope protection; 4. Traffic road.

2. Adjacent area for the runway:

a) The adjacent area for the runway is defined in Figure 7-PLI

Figure 7-PLI: Adjacent area of the runway

b) Initial airspace of the runway

Table 5-PLI. Dimensions of the initial airspace

Figure 8a-PLI: Longitudinal section of the initial airspaceinternational of the runwayngFigure 8b-PLI: Plan view of the initial airspace of the runway

: Length of the takeoff and landing strip.

Note: L_CHCWithin the initial airspace:

- Limitations on facilities with large gatherings of people, fuel depots, and explosive or flammable material storage areas.

- High-voltage power lines must be at least 4 kilometers away from the outer edge of the flight strip. This distance may be reduced to 1 kilometer if the high-voltage power lines do not pose a danger to flights and are obscured by natural terrain, buildings, or forests.

- Outside the initial airspace, high-voltage power lines must be at least 1 kilometer away from the flight strip boundary to avoid interference with radio communication and navigation equipment.

c) Slope airspace of the runway

Figure 9-PLI: Dimensions of the slope airspace of the runway

is the width of the flight strip including the takeoff and landing strip and slope protection.

Note: B_DB TAKEOFF AND LANDING STRIP ON WATER

Section 4

Based on actual conditions, the General Staff Department specifies the dimensions of water-based takeoff and landing strips suitable for various seaplanes and operational needs.

CLASSIFICATION OF AIRPORTS AND OBSTACLE CLEARANCE SURFACES FOR CIVIL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS

ANNEX II

CLASSIFICATION OF AIRPORTS
Civil airports are classified into categories 1, 2, 3, 4, and letters A, B, C, D, E, F. The Ministry of Construction
MILITARY AIRPORTS

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Section 1

classifies each civil airport according to its aircraft operations.

CLASSIFICATION OF TAKEOFF AND LANDING STRIPS[15] 1. Unlit runway

Section 2

2. Lit runway.

OBSTACLE CLEARANCE SURFACES

2. The CHC route equipped with guidance equipment.

Section 3

LIMITING SURFACES OF OBSTRUCTIONS

1. Flight path strip

a) Length of the flight path strip:

The length of the flight path strip includes the runway centerline (RCL) and the portions before and after the threshold of the RCL, plus the stopway (if any), with a minimum length of:

- 60 m for Category 2, 3, 4 runways and Category 1 runways equipped with approach aids.

- 30 m for Category 1 runways without approach aids.

b) Width of the flight path strip:

The width of the flight path strip extends from the centerline of the runway centerline (RCL) to both sides of the RCL with a minimum distance of:

- For accurately aligned and simple approach runways:

+ 150 m for Categories 3 and 4.

+ 75 m for Categories 1 and 2.

- For runways without approach aids:

+ 75 m for Categories 3 and 4.

+ 40 m for Category 2.

+ 30 m for Category 1.

2. Outer horizontal surface.

3. Conical surface.

4. Inner horizontal surface: For Category 1 and 2 airports, the inner horizontal surface has a circular shape centered on the midpoint of the runway centerline (RCL); for Category 3 and 4 airports, it has an elliptical shape centered on the thresholds of the RCL.

5. Approach surface.

6. Transitional surface.

7. Takeoff climb surface.

Section 4

STANDARDS FOR THE SIZE AND SLOPE OF OBSTRUCTION LIMITING SURFACES FOR EACH TYPE OF AIRPORT

1. Airports without approach aids

Table 1-PLII: Obstruction limiting surfaces for airports without approach aids.

2 Airports with approach aids

a) Airports with simple approach aids

Table 2-PLII: Obstruction limiting surfaces for airports with simple approach aids

b) Table 3-PLII: Obstruction limiting surfaces for airports with precision approach aids

CAT I

Table 4-PLII: Obstruction limiting surfaces for airports for takeoff

Size of obstruction limiting surfaces

Note: b) Within the approach and takeoff surfaces of the adjacent area head: registered c) Outside the approach and takeoff surfaces, high-voltage power lines must be at least 1 km away from the flight path strip boundary. In all cases, interference with communication and radio equipment ensuring flight safety must be avoided.

OBSTRUCTION LIMITING SURFACES FOR CIVIL HELICOPTER AIRPORTS

Note:

Obstruction limiting surfaces for civil helicopter airports are specified in Section 4.1 and 4.2 of Chapter 4 of the Civil Helicopter Airport Standards issued by Decision No. 967/QD-CHK dated March 25, 2009 of the Vietnam Civil Aviation Authority (Standard Foundation TCCS 03:2009/CHK).

HEIGHT LIMITS FOR OBSTRUCTIONS FOR AREAS UNDER MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF AIRSPACE

- Urban areas, industrial zones, hospitals, facilities with large gatherings of people, fuel depots, and explosive or flammable material storage areas shall not be planned for construction.

- High-voltage power lines and antenna towers shall not be constructed. If permitted, they must be located at least 4 kilometers away from the outer edge of the flight strip. This distance may be reduced to 1 kilometer if the high-voltage power lines and antenna towers do not pose a danger to flights and are obscured by natural terrain, buildings, or forests.

Unit

Section 5

Radar

Site

ANNEX III

Short-range missile site
MILITARY AIRPORTS

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Note:

1. A fixed object must be marked if its height exceeds the takeoff climb surface within 3,000 m from the inner edge of the takeoff climb surface and must be lighted with obstruction warning lights (OWL) if the runway is used at night, except in the following cases:

a) Marking and lighting with OWL may not be necessary if the object is obscured by another fixed object;

b) Marking may not be necessary if the object is illuminated by OWL with medium intensity type A during the day and its height does not exceed 150 m above ground level;

c) Marking may not be necessary if the object is illuminated by OWL with high intensity during the day;

ANNEX IV

d) Lighting may not be necessary if the object is a beacon or it is deemed safe without lighting.
MILITARY AIRPORTS

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Section 1

OBJECTS THAT NEED TO BE MARKED AND LIGHTED

1. A fixed object must be marked if its height exceeds the takeoff elevation surface within a range of 3,000 meters from the edge of the takeoff elevation surface, and it must be lighted with obstruction lights (CNV) if the CHC route is used at night, except in the following cases:

a) It may not need to be marked and lighted with obstruction lights (CNV) when the object is obscured by another fixed object;

b) It may not need to be marked when the object is lighted with medium-intensity class A obstruction lights (CNV) during the day and its height does not exceed 150 meters above ground level;

c) It may not need to be marked when the object is lighted with high-intensity obstruction lights (CNV) during the day;

d) It may not need to be lighted when the object is a lantern house or it is determined that lighting is not necessary for safe aviation conditions.

2. Fixed objects that are not obstacles but adjacent to the takeoff elevation surface must be marked, and if the CHC route is used at night, they must be illuminated with warning lights for aircraft navigation; except in the following cases:

a) When the object is illuminated during the day with medium-intensity Class A aircraft navigation warning lights and its height does not exceed 150 meters above ground level;

b) When the object is illuminated during the day with high-intensity aircraft navigation warning lights.

3. A fixed object that exceeds the approach surface or transition surface within a 3,000-meter range from the inner edge of the approach surface must be marked, and if the CHC route is used at night, it must be illuminated with warning lights for aircraft navigation, except in the following cases:

a) When the object is obscured by another fixed object;

b) Marking and illumination may not be required when the object is illuminated during the day with medium-intensity Class A aircraft navigation warning lights and its height does not exceed 150 meters above ground level;

c) It may not need to be marked when the object is lighted with high-intensity obstruction lights (CNV) during the day;

d) It may not need to be lighted when the object is a lantern house or it is determined that lighting is not necessary for safe aviation conditions.

4. Fixed objects that exceed the horizontal surface must be marked, and if the CHC route is used at night, they must be illuminated, except in the following cases.

a) When the object is obscured by another fixed object or research shows that it does not affect flight safety;

b) It may not need to be marked when the object is lighted with medium-intensity class A obstruction lights (CNV) during the day and its height does not exceed 150 meters above ground level;

c) It may not need to be marked when the object is lighted with high-intensity obstruction lights (CNV) during the day;

d) Marking and illumination may not be required for large immovable structures or terrain that requires a curved aircraft navigation warning light design to ensure vertical safety below the flight path of the aircraft;

đ) Illumination may not be required when the object is a runway light or it is determined that the absence of lights still meets aviation safety conditions;

5. Fixed objects that exceed the obstacle surface must be marked, and if the CHC route is used at night, they must be illuminated.

6. Obstacles such as vehicles and other mobile objects that are not aircraft must be marked; when the airport is used at night or under poor visibility conditions, they must be illuminated, except for specialized equipment and vehicles on the apron.

7. High-positioned ground aviation lights within the airfield area must be marked for easy identification during the day. Aircraft navigation warning lights need not be installed at high points when there are already lighting or signs for elevated terrain areas within the airfield.

8. High wires, cables, etc., crossing rivers, valleys, or roads must be marked and illuminated if they pose a danger to aircraft. Lighting with high-intensity aircraft navigation warning lights during the day may exempt them from marking.

9. If marking high-voltage power lines and overhead cables is necessary without marking on the lines themselves, then high-intensity Class B aircraft navigation warning lights must be installed on their supporting poles.

10. Obstacles with a height of 150 meters or more above ground level must be marked and illuminated if the airport is used at night. Marking is unnecessary if they are illuminated with high-intensity aircraft navigation warning lights during the day.

11. Exemption from marking and/or illuminating obstacles is decided by the Operations Department of the General Staff Headquarters.

Section 2

MARKING OF AIRPORT OBSTACLES

1. All fixed and mobile obstacles affecting flight safety must be marked by painting or placing markers, except when the object is sufficiently prominent in shape, size, color, and does not blend with other objects.

2. Regulations on painting obstacles

a) All obstacles must be painted with alternating rectangular patterns to clearly show their shape on any vertical plane that is equal to or greater than 4.5 meters in both dimensions. The colors must include rectangles suitable for each side not less than 1.5 meters and not more than 3 meters. Corners should have darker colors. Colors must contrast with each other and with surrounding colors. The most common colors are orange and white or red and white alternated, unless these colors blend with surrounding colors.

b) Objects painted must have contrasting stripes if:

- They primarily consist of surfaces with a width or height greater than 1.5 meters and the remaining side has a width or height smaller than 4.5 meters;

- They are frame-like structures with a width or height greater than 1.5 meters.

Stripes must be perpendicular to the longest dimension and have a width equal to 1/7 of the longest dimension or 30 meters (whichever is smaller). The colors of the stripes must contrast with the surrounding colors. Orange and white should be used unless these colors do not contrast and are difficult to observe. The stripes at the ends of the object should be darker (see Figures 1-PLIV, 2-PLIV).

c) Width of marking stripes

d) An object must be painted a single color if its projection on any vertical plane is less than 1.5 meters in both dimensions. Orange or red must be used unless these colors blend with the surrounding background.

For certain backgrounds, other colors may be used to achieve sufficient contrast.

Note: 3. Using markers

a) Install markers above or beside obstacles at positions where the general shape of the object can be easily recognized and can be identified from the air at a minimum distance of 1,000 meters and from the ground at 300 meters in all directions from which an aircraft might approach the object. The shape of the marker must be clear within the necessary range to avoid being mistaken for markers used for other informational purposes and not increase the risk to aircraft due to the marking of the object.

b) Markers above power lines, overhead cables, etc., must be spherical with a diameter of at least 60 cm.

c) The distance between two adjacent markers or between a marker and a supporting pole must be appropriate to the diameter of the marker, and in all cases, it must not exceed:

- 30 meters when the marker's diameter is 60 cm;

- 35 meters when the marker's diameter is 80 cm;

- 40 meters when the smallest marker diameter is 130 cm.

When multiple lines or cables are close together, the placement of markers must not be lower than the highest line.

d) Each marker must be painted a single color. White and red or white and orange markers should be alternated. Choose colors that contrast with the surrounding background to make them easier to see.

4. Using flags

4. Using flags

a) Flags marking objects shall be placed around or on top of, or along the highest edge of the object. When using flags to mark large objects or groups of closely spaced objects, they must be placed at least 15 meters apart to minimize the danger caused by the flags marking the objects.

b) Square flags used to mark fixed objects must not be smaller than 0.6 meters, while square flags used to mark mobile objects must not be smaller than 0.9 meters.

c) Flags marking fixed objects must be orange or a combination of two triangles, one orange and one white, or one red and one white, except when these colors blend with the background, other more visible colors must be used.

d) Checkerboard patterns for flags marking mobile objects must have each square side not less than 0.3 meters. The colors of the squares must contrast with each other and with the surrounding background. Typically, alternating yellow-orange and white or red and white colors are used, unless these colors blend with the background, then other more visible colors must be used.

Section 3

MARKING OBSTRUCTIONS WITH LIGHTS

1. Objects required to be marked with lights must be equipped with low, medium, or high intensity obstruction warning lights, either individually or in combination.

Note: High-intensity obstruction warning lights must be used both day and night. Care must be taken to ensure that these lights do not cause glare.

2. Low-intensity obstruction warning lights types A or B must be used where the object is small and its height above ground level is less than 45 meters.

3. Where low-intensity obstruction warning lights types A or B are insufficiently bright or special warnings are needed, medium or high-intensity obstruction warning lights should be used.

4. Low-intensity obstruction warning lights type C must be installed on automobiles and other mobile objects, except aircraft.

5. Low-intensity obstruction warning lights type B must also be used individually or in combination with medium-intensity obstruction warning lights type B as specified in Point 6 of this Section.

6. Medium-intensity obstruction warning lights types A, B, or C must be used where the object is large, such as groups of trees, large building blocks, or its height above ground level exceeds 45 meters. Medium-intensity obstruction warning lights types A and C must be used individually where medium-intensity obstruction warning lights type B are also used individually or in combination with low-intensity obstruction warning lights type B.

Note: Groups of trees or buildings are considered large objects.

7. High-intensity obstruction warning lights type A must be used to indicate the presence of objects exceeding 150 meters above ground level and primarily for daytime warning purposes after research confirms their effectiveness.

8. High-intensity obstruction warning lights type B should be used to indicate the presence of towers, high overhead cables, etc., in places:

a) Where warning lights are needed for the presence of power lines, cables, etc.;

b) Where it is practically impossible to place markers on power lines, cables, etc.;

9. At locations where the use of high-intensity obstruction warning lights type A or B, or medium-intensity obstruction warning lights type A at night may dazzle pilots in the vicinity of the airport (within a radius of approximately 10,000 meters) or due to environmental requirements, both types of lights can be used. This system may include high-intensity obstruction warning lights type A or B, and medium-intensity obstruction warning lights type A during twilight hours, while medium-intensity obstruction warning lights type B or C are used at night.

Table 1. Types of Obstruction Warning Lights and Characteristics

Section 4

POSITION OF OBSTRUCTION WARNING LIGHTS

1. One or more low, medium, or high-intensity obstruction warning lights must be placed as close to the top of the object as possible. The uppermost light must illuminate the peak of the object or the highest edge of the object within the boundary of the obstruction surface.

2. In cases involving chimneys or similar structures, the uppermost light must be positioned below to reduce soot accumulation on the light (see Figures 2, 3-PLIV).

3. In cases where a tower or antenna has high-intensity obstruction warning lights installed during the day depending on another structure such as a crane or antenna over 12 meters tall, where it is not possible to install high-intensity obstruction warning lights at the top, one light must be placed at the highest point possible and a medium-intensity obstruction warning light type A emitting white light must be placed at the top.

4. For large objects or groups of closely spaced objects, the upper lights must illuminate at least the peaks or edges of the tallest related objects within the boundary of the obstruction surface, to clearly define the shape and size of the object. If two or more edges have the same height, the edge closest to the landing area must be marked. When using low-intensity lights, they must be spaced no more than 45 meters apart. When using medium-intensity lights, they must be spaced no more than 90 meters apart along the length.

5. When the boundary of the obstruction surface has a slope and the highest point above the obstruction surface boundary is not the highest point of the object, supplementary obstruction warning lights must be placed at the highest part of the object.

6. When an object is illuminated by a medium-intensity obstruction warning light type A and the top of the object is higher than 105 meters above ground level or higher than the peak height of nearby buildings (when there are many high-rise buildings around the object), additional lights will be arranged at intermediate intervals. These intermediate lights are evenly spaced from the highest top light to the ground or the peaks of surrounding buildings with an appropriate distance but not exceeding 105 meters.

7. When an object is illuminated by a medium-intensity obstruction warning light type B and the top of the object is higher than 45 meters above ground level or higher than the peak height of nearby buildings (when there are many high-rise buildings around the object), additional lights will be arranged at intermediate intervals. These intermediate lights supplement the low-intensity obstruction warning lights type B and are evenly spaced from the highest top light to the ground or the peaks of surrounding buildings with an appropriate distance but not exceeding 52 meters.

8. In places where objects are illuminated by medium-intensity obstruction warning lights type C and the top of the object is higher than ground level or higher than the peak height of nearby buildings (when there are many high-rise buildings around the object) over 45 meters, additional lights must be added at intermediate levels. These intermediate-level supplementary lights are evenly spaced from the highest top light to the ground or the peaks of surrounding buildings with an appropriate distance, but not more than 52 meters.

9. In places using high-intensity obstruction warning lights type A typically placed at intervals not exceeding 105 meters apart from the ground light to the top light according to the standard in Clause 1, Section 4, except for areas surrounded by high-rise buildings, in which case the highest point of the surrounding high-rise buildings can be considered as the ground point to determine the number of rows of lights.

10. In places using high-intensity obstruction warning lights type B, the lights must be placed at the following three levels:

a) On the top of the tower;

b) At the lowest level of the connecting sections of the power lines or cables;

c) At the intermediate level between two levels.

Note: In some cases, the position of the lights may require separation from the tower.

11. The quantity and arrangement of low-, medium-, and high-intensity obstruction warning lights at each level must mark the object to make it visible from all azimuth angles. Where the placement of lights is obstructed by adjacent objects in any direction, additional lights must be added on that object in a similar manner to illuminate the side of the object being obscured by the light.

12. Large objects such as groups of trees, large building complexes, or high-rise urban areas with a height of 45 meters or more, lights are installed from the hidden part up to the top of the structure.

Figure 2-PLIV. Example of lighting and marking high structures

- Figure 3-PLIV. Lighting construction

ANNEX V

MINIMUM SPACING OF OBSTRUCTION OBJECTS WITHIN THE TECHNICAL SAFETY CORRIDOR TO THE OUTSIDE EDGE OF THE CIVIL AIRPORT ANTENNA FIELD
(Issued together with Decree No. 32/2016/NĐ-CP dated May 6, 2016 of the Government

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Remarks: "0" Is not specified

ANNEX VI

APPLICATION FORM FOR APPROVAL OF STRUCTURE HEIGHT
MILITARY AIRPORTS

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Form No.: 01ĐNCTĐC (for organizations)

PETITION FOR APPLICATION

Approval of structure height

Respectfully submitted to: Directorate of Operations - General Staff Department.

1. Name of organization/unit requesting approval of structure height:...

2. Address of organization:... (telephone, fax if available)

3. Name, nature, scale of the project:...

(For radio transmission/reception stations, specify frequency band, power; for high-voltage power lines, specify voltage, route direction, height of poles, geographic coordinates, natural ground level of pole positions, and sag of the line; for cableways, specify route direction, height of support poles, geographic coordinates, natural ground level of pole positions, and sag of the cable; for factory chimneys, specify construction height and smokestack height when in operation).

4. Location of the project:...

(Administrative address, land boundary, geographic coordinates according to VN-2000 or WGS-84 coordinate system (longitude, latitude in degrees, minutes, seconds), natural ground level relative to mean sea level).

5. Proposed construction height of the project:...

6. Natural ground level of the construction site:...

7. Construction time of the project:...

Enclosed documents:...

We request the Directorate of Operations - General Staff Department to consider and resolve according to regulations./.

Form No.: 02ĐNCTĐC (for individuals) [16]

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
^{__________________}

…, day … month … year …

PETITION FOR APPLICATION

Approval of structure height

Respectfully submitted to: Directorate of Operations - General Staff Department.

Name of individual requesting approval of structure height:...

Citizen Identification Number/Personal Identification Number (or passport):...

Residential address, place of residence:... telephone number:...

Email address:...

Name, nature, scale of the project:...

Location of the project:...

(Administrative address, land boundary, geographic coordinates according to VN-2000 or WGS-84 coordinate system "degrees, minutes, seconds").

Proposed construction height of the project:...

Natural ground level of the construction site or relative to mean sea level:    

Proposed construction time of the project:...

(Enclosed documents:...)

We request the Directorate of Operations - General Staff Department to consider and resolve according to regulations./.