Circular No. 25/2014/TT-BTNMT on land administration maps

CIRCULAR

Regulations on cadastral maps

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On the basis of The Land Law dated November 29, 2013;

Pursuant to Decree No. 43/2014/NĐ-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government detailing implementation of certain provisions of the Land Law;

Pursuant to Decree No. 21/2013/NĐ-CP dated March 4, 2013, promulgated by the Government, stipulating the functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment;

At the request of the Director General of the Land Administration General Department and the Head of the Legal Department,

The Minister of Natural Resources and Environment shall issue Circulars stipulating regulations on cadastral maps.

PART I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of Regulation

These Circulars set forth basic technical requirements for the preparation, revision, management, and use of cadastral maps and land parcel cadastral surveys.

Article 2. Applicability

Agencies, organizations, and individuals involved in activities related to the preparation, revision, management, and use of cadastral maps and land parcel cadastral surveys.

Article 3. Explanation of Terms

In this Circular, the following terms shall be understood as follows:

1. Type of land refers to the specific name indicating the purpose of land use as prescribed by the Land Law.

2. Land parcel number is a natural number used to indicate the sequence number of a land parcel on a cadastral map sheet, a cadastral survey sheet, and is uniquely determined for each land parcel within the scope of a cadastral map sheet and a cadastral survey sheet.

3. Parcel label is a general term for information about a land parcel including: land parcel number, area of the land parcel, type of land.

4. Area of the land parcel, area of the land occupation object not forming a land parcel is the area of the projection of the land parcel, the land occupation object not forming a land parcel on a horizontal plane, measured in square meters (m²)², rounded to one decimal place.

5. Cadastral survey of land parcels is the process of conducting a separate cadastral survey for a land parcel at a location where there is no existing cadastral map to serve land management needs.

6. Cadastral survey sheet is a drawing showing the results of the cadastral survey of a land parcel.

7. Object of the cadastral map is a land parcel and a land occupation object not forming a land parcel represented on the map using geometric elements (points, lines, areas), symbols, and explanatory notes.

Article 4. Abbreviations

1. GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System): Global satellite navigation system.

2. VN-2000: The current national coordinate reference system and coordinate system of Vietnam uniformly applied throughout the country according to Decision No. 83/2000/QĐ-TTg dated July 12, 2000 of the Government.

3. UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator): Transverse cylindrical projection grid.

4. PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision): Position accuracy degradation factor.

5. RINEX (Receiver INdependent EXchange format): GNSS measurement data standard in ASCII format used for convenient processing independent of receiver or software.

6. Certificate: Certificate of land use rights, ownership of houses and other assets attached to land; Certificate of land use rights; Certificate of ownership of houses and land use rights according to laws on land and laws on housing.

7. Legal documents on land use rights: Certificates, documents specified in Article 100 of the Land Law, Article 18 of Decree No. 43/2014/NĐ-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government detailing implementation of certain provisions of the Land Law.

8. Commune-level administrative unit: Commune, ward, town administrative units.

9. People's Committee at commune level: People's Committee of communes, wards, towns.

10. Commune-level cadastre officer: Cadastre officer of communes, wards, towns.

Chapter II

PREPARATION OF CADASTRAL MAPS

Article 5. Mathematical Basis

1. Cadastral maps are prepared at scales of 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, and 1:10000; on a planar projection surface, at the 3-degree zone, with central meridians according to each province and centrally administered city, using the national coordinate reference system and coordinate system VN-2000 and the current national height system.

Central meridians according to each province and centrally administered city are specified in Appendix No. 02 attached to this Circular.

2. The inner frame of a cadastral map sheet is expanded when necessary to show map content elements that exceed the standard inner frame range. The expansion range of the inner frame of a cadastral map sheet on each side is 10 centimeters (cm) or 20 cm from the standard inner frame.

3. The orthogonal coordinate grid on the cadastral map is established with intervals of 10 cm on the cadastral map sheet, creating intersection points, which are marked with cross signs (+).

4. Parameters of the standard map file

4.1. Coordinate reference system and coordinate system parameters

The parameters of the coordinate reference system and coordinate system for preparing cadastral maps are implemented according to Circular No. 973/2001/TT-TCĐC dated June 20, 2001 of the General Department of Cadastre guiding the application of the national coordinate reference system and coordinate system VN-2000.

4.2. Measurement unit parameters (Working Units) include:

a) Main working unit (Master Units): meter (m);

b) Secondary working unit (Sub Units): millimeter (mm);

c) Resolution: 1000;

d) Coordinates of the working center point (Storage Center Point/Global Origin): X: 500000 m, Y: 1000000 m.

5. Division of sheets and numbering of cadastral map sheets

5.1. Cadastral map at scale 1:10000

The cadastral map sheet at scale 1:10000 is defined as follows:

Divide the planar projection surface into squares, each square having an actual size of 6 x 6 kilometers (km) corresponding to one cadastral map sheet at scale 1:10000. The standard inner frame size of a cadastral map sheet at scale 1:10000 is 60 x 60 cm, corresponding to an actual area of 3600 hectares (ha).

The identification number of a cadastral map sheet at scale 1:10000 consists of 08 digits: the first two digits are 10, followed by a hyphen (-), then three even kilometer numbers of the X coordinate, and finally three even kilometer numbers of the Y coordinate of the top-left corner of the standard inner frame of the cadastral map sheet.

5.2. Cadastral map at scale 1:5000

Divide the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:10000 into four squares, each square having an actual size of 3 x 3 km corresponding to one cadastral map sheet at scale 1:5000. The standard inner frame size of a cadastral map sheet at scale 1:5000 is 60 x 60 cm, corresponding to an actual area of 900 ha.

The identification number of a cadastral map sheet at scale 1:5000 consists of six digits: the first three digits are the even kilometer numbers of the X coordinate, and the last three digits are the even kilometer numbers of the Y coordinate of the top-left corner of the standard inner frame of the cadastral map sheet.

5.3. Cadastral map at scale 1:2000

Divide the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:5000 into nine squares, each square having an actual size of 1 x 1 km corresponding to one cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2000. The standard inner frame size of a cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2000 is 50 x 50 cm, corresponding to an actual area of 100 ha.

The squares are numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals from 1 to 9 from left to right and top to bottom. The number of cadastral map at scale 1:2000 includes the number of cadastral map at scale 1:5000, hyphen (-), and the sequential number of the square.

5.4. Cadastral map at scale 1:1000

Divide the cadastral map at scale 1:2000 into 04 squares, each square having an actual size of 0.5 x 0.5 km corresponding to one cadastral map at scale 1:1000. The standard frame size of the cadastral map at scale 1:1000 is 50 x 50 cm, corresponding to an area of 25 hectares on-site.

The squares are numbered sequentially with letters a, b, c, d from left to right and top to bottom. The number of cadastral map at scale 1:1000 includes the number of cadastral map at scale 1:2000, hyphen (-), and the sequential number of the square.

5.5. Map at scale 1:500

Divide the cadastral map at scale 1:2000 into 16 squares, each square having an actual size of 0.25 x 0.25 km corresponding to one cadastral map at scale 1:500. The standard frame size of the cadastral map at scale 1:500 is 50 x 50 cm, corresponding to an area of 6.25 hectares on-site.

The squares are numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals from 1 to 16 from left to right and top to bottom. The number of cadastral map at scale 1:500 includes the number of cadastral map at scale 1:2000, hyphen (-), and the sequential number of the square in parentheses.

5.6. Map at scale 1:200

Divide the cadastral map at scale 1:2000 into 100 squares, each square having an actual size of 0.10 x 0.10 km corresponding to one cadastral map at scale 1:200. The standard frame size of the cadastral map at scale 1:200 is 50 x 50 cm, corresponding to an area of 1.00 hectare on-site.

The squares are numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals from 1 to 100 from left to right and top to bottom. The number of cadastral map at scale 1:200 includes the number of cadastral map at scale 1:2000, hyphen (-), and the sequential number of the square.

The template for dividing the cadastral map and numbering the cadastral map is specified in Appendix No. 03 attached to this Circular.

6. Name of the cadastral map

The name of the cadastral map includes the name of the provincial administrative unit, district, commune where the map is drawn; the code of the cadastral map and the serial number of the cadastral map within the scope of one commune administrative unit (hereinafter referred to as the serial number of the map sheet).

The serial number of the map sheet is marked with continuous Arabic numerals from 01 to the end within the scope of each commune, ward, town; the numbering follows the principle from left to right and top to bottom, smaller scale map sheets are numbered first, larger scale map sheets are numbered subsequently after the serial number of the smaller scale map sheet.

In case new map sheets are generated during use, they shall be numbered consecutively following the highest serial number of the cadastral map sheet within the scope of that commune administrative unit.

7. Name of the extracted cadastral map

The name of the extracted cadastral map includes the name of the provincial administrative unit, district, commune where the extraction is carried out; coordinate system used for extraction (VN-2000, free); area of extraction (land plot address: house number, field, village, hamlet...); and data of the extracted cadastral map.

The number of the extracted cadastral map includes the serial number of the fragment (marked with continuous Arabic numerals from 01 to the end within the scope of one commune administrative unit for one year); year of land plot cadastral extraction and measurement; for example: TD03-2014.

8. Density of control points

8.1. For direct surveying and mapping of cadastral maps, the density of control points is stipulated as follows:

a) Maps at scales 1:5000, 1:10000: On average, one cadastral control point with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point every 500 hectares;

b) Maps at scales 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000: On average, one cadastral control point with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point every 100 to 150 hectares;

c) Cadastral maps at scale 1:200: On average, one cadastral control point with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point every 30 hectares;

d) In cases where the survey area has a linear shape, one cadastral control point with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point is arranged every 1.5 kilometers along the length.

In special cases, when the survey area is less than 30 hectares, the density of cadastral control points with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point does not exceed two points.

8.2. For aerial photography combined with direct surveying and mapping of cadastral maps at scales 1:2000, 1:5000, 1:10000, on average, one cadastral control point with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point is set every 2500 hectares.

Article 6. Selection of Scale and Method for Surveying and Mapping of Land Registry Maps and Extracting Land Registry Data

1. The scale for surveying and mapping land registry maps is determined based on the type of land and the average number of plots per hectare. The average number of plots per hectare is referred to as M, which is calculated by dividing the total number of plots by the total area (in hectares) of those plots._{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.}is determined by the number of land parcels divided by the total area (ha) of those parcels.

1.1. A scale of 1:200 shall be applied to land within the urban areas of special-class cities where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ³ 60.

1.2. A scale of 1:500 shall be applied to areas where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 25 in urban land, urban development land, and rural residential land with an urban form; M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 30 in remaining residential areas.

1.3. A scale of 1:1000 shall be applied in the following cases:

a) Areas where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 10 in residential areas;

b) Areas where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 20 in narrow and elongated agricultural plots, and agricultural land within towns, wards, communes adjacent to districts, and communes within townships and provincial cities;

c) Concentrated agricultural land areas where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ³ 40.

1.4. A scale of 1:2000 shall be applied in the following cases:

a) Areas where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 5 in agricultural areas;

b) Areas where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} < 10 in residential areas.

1.5. A scale of 1:5000 shall be applied in the following cases:

a) Areas where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≤ 1 in agricultural production land, aquaculture land, salt-making land, and other types of agricultural land; M

b) Areas where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 0.2 in forestry land.

1.6. A scale of 1:10000 shall be applied in the following cases:

a) Forestry land where M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} < 0,2;

b) Unused land and water bodies with large areas when it is necessary to map to close administrative boundaries.

1.7. Small and scattered plots of different types of land interspersed within the areas specified in Points 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 of Clause 1 of this Article shall be selected to be surveyed at the same scale as the corresponding land areas.

2. Selection of Methods for Surveying and Mapping Land Registry Maps

2.1. Land registry maps shall be prepared using direct field survey methods with electronic theodolites, relative GNSS technology methods, or aerial photography combined with direct field surveys.

2.2. The method of preparing land registry maps using relative GNSS technology shall only be applied for preparing land registry maps at a scale of 1:1000 in agricultural areas and land registry maps at scales of 1:2000, 1:5000, and 1:10000, but must be clearly stipulated in the technical design and project estimate.

2.3. The method of preparing land registry maps using aerial photography combined with direct field surveys shall only be applied for preparing land registry maps at scales of 1:2000, 1:5000, and 1:10000, but must be clearly stipulated in the technical design and project estimate.

2.4. Land registry maps at scales of 1:200 and 1:500 shall only be prepared using direct field survey methods with electronic theodolites or electronic transit theodolites.

Article 7. Accuracy of Land Registry Maps

1. The mean error of the position of control points and station points on the ground compared to the initial point after adjustment shall not exceed 0.1 mm according to the required map scale.

2. The representation error of corner points of the map frame, intersection points of the kilometer grid, national coordinate points, cadastral points, and other points with coordinates on digital land registry maps is defined as zero (no error).

3. For paper-based land registry maps, the length error of the map frame edge shall not exceed 0.2 mm, the diagonal error of the map shall not exceed 0.3 mm, and the distance between coordinate points and corner points of the map frame (or intersection points of the kilometer grid) shall not exceed 0.2 mm from theoretical values.

4. The positional error of any point on the boundary of a plot represented on a digital land registry map compared to the nearest control points shall not exceed:

a) 5 cm for land registry maps at a scale of 1:200;

b) 7 cm for land registry maps at a scale of 1:500;

c) 15 cm for land registry maps at a scale of 1:1000;

d) 30 cm for land registry maps at a scale of 1:2000;

đ) 150 cm for land registry maps at a scale of 1:5000;

e) 300 cm for land registry maps at a scale of 1:10000.

g) For agricultural land surveyed at scales of 1:1000 and 1:2000, the positional error of points mentioned in Point c and d of Clause 4 of this Article may be increased by 1.5 times.

5. The mutual positional error of two arbitrary points on the boundary of a plot represented on a digital land registry map compared to the actual distance measured directly or indirectly from the same station shall not exceed 0.2 mm according to the required map scale, but shall not exceed 4 cm on the ground for plot edges less than 5 meters long.

For agricultural land surveyed at scales of 1:1000 and 1:2000, the mutual positional error of the two points mentioned above may be increased by 1.5 times.

6. The positions of administrative boundary markers shall be determined with the accuracy of control points.

7. When checking errors, both the positional error of points compared to the nearest control points and the mutual positional error of points must be checked simultaneously. The absolute value of the largest error found during the check shall not exceed the permissible absolute value of the error, and the number of errors checked with values equal to or close to (from 90% to 100%) the largest permissible absolute value of the error shall not exceed 10% of the total number of checks. In all cases, these errors shall not be systematic.

Article 8. Content of the Land Administration Map

1. The main elements to be reflected on the Land Administration Map include:

1.1. Map frame;

1.2. National coordinate control points, elevation points of various grades, cadastral points, aerial photography control points, surveying control points with buried stable markers;

1.3. Administrative boundary markers, administrative boundary lines at all levels;

1.4. Planning boundary markers; protective zone boundaries for traffic safety, water conservancy, dyke management, power transmission systems, and other public works with protective zones;

1.5. Parcel boundaries, land types, parcel numbers, parcel areas;

1.6. Residential buildings and other construction works: only major construction works consistent with the land use purpose should be shown on the map, excluding temporary construction works. Underground works, when required to be shown on the Land Administration Map, must be specifically described in the technical design - project estimate;

1.7. Objects occupying land that do not form parcels such as roads, water conservancy works, dykes, rivers, streams, canals, creeks, and other land-occupying objects along lines;

1.8. Land features, structures of historical, cultural, social value, and high directional significance;

1.9. Land shape or height marking points (when required to be shown, they must be specifically described in the technical design - project estimate);

1.10. Explanatory notes.

When noting the content elements of the Land Administration Map, they must comply with the land administration map symbols specified in Section II and Point 12, Section III of Appendix No. 01 attached hereto.

2. Reflecting the content of the Land Administration Map

2.1. Administrative boundary markers, administrative boundary lines at all levels:

a) National borders and national sovereignty pillars displayed on the Land Administration Map must be consistent with treaties and agreements signed between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and neighboring countries; in areas without treaties or agreements, they shall be displayed according to regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

b) Administrative boundaries at all levels depicted on the Land Administration Map must be consistent with administrative boundary files; relevant legal documents concerning adjustments to administrative boundaries at all levels;

c) For administrative units adjacent to the sea, the Land Administration Map must be surveyed and displayed up to the average low tide line of the sea over a minimum period of five years. In cases where the low tide line cannot be determined, the Land Administration Map shall display the land use boundary up to the sea edge at the time of mapping;

d) When discrepancies are found between the administrative boundaries shown in the administrative boundary files and the actual managed administrative boundaries or disputes arise regarding administrative boundaries, the construction unit must report in writing to the district and provincial natural resources and environment authorities for resolution by competent authorities. On the Land Administration Map, the administrative boundary lines according to the administrative boundary files (indicated in black) and the actual managed administrative boundary lines (indicated in red) and disputed areas must be shown;

If administrative boundaries at all levels coincide, the highest level administrative boundary line shall be indicated;

đ) After completing the Land Administration Map, a confirmation record must be established showing the administrative boundaries between related administrative units according to the model specified in Appendix No. 09 attached hereto. In cases where there are differences between the administrative boundary files and the actual management situation, a confirmation record must be established among the related administrative units;

2.2. Planning boundary markers; protective zone boundaries for traffic safety, water conservancy, dyke management, power transmission systems, and other public works with protective zones: these types of boundary markers shall only be reflected if boundary markers have been set on-site or if there are sufficient legal documents ensuring the accuracy of the detailed point positions on the Land Administration Map;

2.3. Parcel objects

a) A parcel is defined based on the management and use scope of a land user or a group of users sharing the same land use rights or a person assigned by the state to manage the land; it must have the same land use purpose as stipulated by the Law on Land;

b) The vertices of a parcel are the sharp turns on the parcel boundary line; for curved sections on the boundary line, the parcel vertices on-site must ensure that the distance from the side connecting two consecutive detailed points to the corresponding curve does not exceed 0.2 mm according to the scale of the map to be prepared;

c) The sides of a parcel on the map are determined by straight lines connecting two consecutive vertices of the parcel;

d) The parcel boundary is a zigzag line formed by connected sides enclosing the area belonging to the parcel;

đ) In cases where land includes gardens and ponds attached to residential buildings, the parcel boundary is defined as the perimeter of the entire area including the garden and pond attached to the residential building;

e) For terraced fields, the parcel boundary is defined as the outermost perimeter, including contiguous terraces with the same land use purpose within the management scope of a single land user or a group of users (regardless of internal terrace dividing lines on-site);

g) In cases where agricultural parcel boundaries or unused land boundaries are field edges or shared drainage channels less than 0.5 meters wide, the parcel boundary is defined according to the centerline of the field edge or drainage channel. If the width of the field edge or drainage channel is 0.5 meters or wider, the parcel boundary is defined according to the edge of the field edge or drainage channel;

2.4. Land type

a) The land type on the Land Administration Map is represented by the symbols specified in Point 13, Section III of Appendix No. 01 attached hereto;

b) The land type on the Land Administration Map must accurately reflect the current land use status. In cases where there is a decision to allocate land, lease land, or change the land use purpose to a different purpose than the current status, and the land use according to that decision is still within the time limit specified in Point h and i, Clause 1, Article 64 of the Land Law, the land type on the Land Administration Map shall be shown according to that allocation, leasing, or change decision.

In cases where the current land type differs from the land type recorded on the legal documents regarding land use rights and has exceeded the time limit for putting the land into use as stipulated in points h and i of Clause 1, Article 64 of the Land Law, in addition to indicating the current land type, it must also indicate the land type according to the legal documents on another layer; the surveying unit is responsible for compiling and reporting to the competent authority of natural resources and environment for issuing the Certificate of Land Use Rights regarding cases where the plot of land has a current land type different from the land type on the legal documents at the time of measurement.

In cases where a plot of land is used for multiple purposes, the uses of the land must be indicated. In cases where a plot of land includes gardens and ponds attached to residential houses that have been recognized by the State (issued with a Certificate of Land Use Rights) as the entire area of the plot being residential land, the land type should be indicated as residential land.

2.5. Artificial and natural objects on the land

a) The boundary of land occupied by residential buildings and other construction works on the surface is determined by the outer edge of the wall surrounding the building adjacent to the ground, the outer edge of the vertical projection onto the ground of the structures built on columns, and the structures not adjacent to the ground that extend beyond the scope of the wall adjacent to the ground (excluding balconies, details on the walls of the house, and roof covers).

The boundary of land occupied by underground works is determined by the outer edge of the vertical projection onto the ground of such works.

b) The transportation system indicates the scope of land occupied by railway, road (including roads within residential areas, roads within agricultural and forestry areas serving public purposes), and related works such as bridges, culverts, sidewalks, road shoulders, embankments, and cuttings.

c) The hydrographic system indicates the scope of land occupied by rivers, streams, canals, ditches, and drainage systems. For natural hydrographic systems, the stable bank line and water edge at the time of mapping or image rectification must be shown. For artificial hydrographic systems, the boundary according to the scope of land occupied by the works must be shown.

Article 9. Cadastre Grid

1. The cadastre grid is established based on the national coordinate and elevation grid to increase the density of control points, serving as a basis for developing the control grid for detailed surveys.

2. The cadastre grid is designed on large-scale topographic maps or cadastral maps. When designing the grid, it must ensure that the points are evenly distributed across the survey area, prioritizing increased density in areas with poor visibility and complex terrain; control points from the second-level cadastral grid (previously) and national elevation points of class IV or higher already present in the survey area must be included in the newly designed grid.

3. The cadastre grid must be connected to at least three coordinate control points with accuracy equivalent to national coordinate points of class III or higher. In special cases, connection with two points is allowed but must be specifically provided for in the technical design and project estimate.

When establishing the cadastre grid using GNSS technology, the elevation must be connected to at least two elevation control points with accuracy equivalent to national elevation points of class IV or higher.

4. When establishing the cadastre grid using GNSS technology, both coordinates and elevations must be determined simultaneously. If the grid is established using other methods, the elevation of cadastral points will not be determined.

5. Cadastral coordinate points must be selected at locations with solid and stable ground, clear visibility, outside the planning boundaries of construction projects; ensuring long-term existence in the field; facilitating observation and development of lower-level grids.

6. When establishing the grid using GNSS technology, the points must ensure an opening angle to the sky greater than 120 degrees; at least 500 meters away from radio stations; and at least 50 meters away from transformer substations, high-voltage power lines, and high-voltage power stations.

7. Markers must be made of porcelain or non-rusting metal, with a cross mark engraved at the center of the marker. On the face of the marker, the point number (the number is engraved below the surface of the marker, facing north) must be inscribed.

8. Markers must be surrounded by a protective wall; information about the management agency, point number, and date (month, year) of marker installation must be inscribed on the northern and southern sides of the wall. Information about the management agency and the cadastral point number must be inscribed on the northern side of the wall, while the date of marker installation must be inscribed on the eastern side of the wall. The inscription on the marker and the wall must face north.

9. Markers and protective walls must be made of concrete with a strength grade of 200 or higher (according to Vietnamese standard TCVN 4453-1995). Specifications for markers and protective walls of cadastral points are specified in Appendix 6 attached to this Circular.

10. In cases where first and second-level cadastral markers are reused, the old point number must be inscribed on the protective wall, and the new point number in the new grid must be recorded in the technical file of the new grid along with a note about the old number.

11. In unstable areas or areas with weak soil foundations where concrete markers cannot be buried, wooden stakes may be used as cadastral markers but must be specifically provided for in the technical design and project estimate.

12. Marker numbers are assigned continuously according to the name of the survey area from 01 to the end, following the principle of left to right and top to bottom along the square coordinate grid lines on the design map of the survey area. Cadastral point numbers must not duplicate within the same survey area, and survey areas must not duplicate within the same province or centrally-administered city.

13. Prior to burying or installing markers, the construction unit must establish a Record of Agreement on Land Use for Burying Markers and Constructing Protective Walls Around Geodetic Markers with the land users according to the model specified in Appendix No. 04 attached hereto. In cases where markers are buried or installed in areas without land users, a written notice regarding the burial of markers and the construction of protective walls around geodetic markers must be provided to the People's Committee of the commune where the markers are buried according to the model specified in Appendix No. 05 attached hereto. Upon completion of marker burial at the site, a Note of Geodetic Coordinates must be established according to the model specified in Appendix No. 07 attached hereto. After completing the project, a Record of Handover of Geodetic Markers to the People's Committee of the commune where the markers are buried according to the model specified in Appendix No. 08 attached hereto must be established for management and protection.

14. All equipment used for measuring the geodetic network must be inspected according to the regulations applicable to each type of equipment before use. Inspection documentation must be kept together with the results of the geodetic network measurement.

15. When calculating and presenting the final results, angle values should be rounded to whole seconds, coordinate values and elevations should be rounded to whole millimeters.

16. The geodetic network is primarily constructed using GNSS technology or traverse method, polygonal network method.

17. When establishing a control network for mapping or detailed surveying using GNSS technology, there is no need to establish a geodetic network. In cases where the survey area does not have sufficient density of national coordinate points or basic geodetic points as origin points for developing the control network for mapping or detailed surveying, additional geodetic points may be supplemented but this must be clearly stated in the technical design and budget estimate of the project.

18. Basic technical requirements for the geodetic network

18.1. The basic technical consumption standards for the geodetic network are stipulated as follows:

Table 01

18.2. Basic technical requirements when establishing the geodetic network using GNSS technology and processing, calculating, and adjusting measurement results

a) Basic technical criteria for the geodetic network when established using GNSS technology are stipulated as follows:

Table 02

b) Antennas, satellite signal receivers, and accompanying software provided by the manufacturer must be used and comply with the requirements stipulated in this Circular to receive signals, calculate coordinates, and determine elevations. Before use, the operation of the receiver and accompanying devices must be checked; only when they operate normally can they be put into use. For currently used receivers, the functionality of the keys must be checked, and the stability of the signal reception process must be tested through trial measurements, and data transmission from the receiver to the computer must be verified. For new receivers, test measurements must be conducted on standard sites (for single-frequency receivers) or on primary points (for dual-frequency receivers) before use, and the results must be compared with existing data.

c) A measurement schedule must be established prior to measurement. When establishing the schedule, it is permissible to use a satellite broadcast schedule without intentional Selective Availability (SA) interference, but such schedules cannot be older than one month from the date of establishing the measurement schedule. Parameters that need to be entered into the scheduling software include the date of the scheduling; geographic location of the survey area (geographic coordinates determined on the map, taken from the center of the survey area, values of B, L accurate to minutes); minimum number of satellites to observe is 4; maximum allowable PDOP for observation is 4; minimum duration of a measurement session is 60 minutes; high-angle threshold is 15 degrees.

d) During the actual measurement of the coordinate network, the antenna marking point must be oriented towards the north with an error not exceeding 10 degrees; the antenna height must be averaged from three independent measurements at the start of measurement, during measurement, and before turning off the receiver, read to millimeters, with differences between measurements not exceeding 2 millimeters.

đ) When using multiple types of satellite signal receivers from different manufacturers to establish the same network, data files from each receiver must be converted to RINEX format.

e) Suitable software modules must be used for the type of satellite signal receiver to automatically solve vector edges. When roughly calculating vector edges, the following criteria must be met:

- Solution accepted: Fixed;

- Ratio Index: > 1.5 (only considered when the solution is Fixed);

- Mean error of distance: (RMS) < 20 mm + 4.D mm (D in kilometers).

Network adjustment can only be performed after rough edge calculation and closure errors for the entire network meet the technical criteria.

- Root Mean Square (RMS) distance error: less than 20 mm + 4.D mm (D measured in kilometers).

The grid adjustment shall only be carried out after the approximate length calculation and closure error for the entire network have met the technical criteria.

g) When summarizing the side length, if technical criteria are not met, it is permissible to recalculate by substituting the original starting point, establishing new closed loops, or not using high-level control points to develop the cadastral network if the remaining high-level control points still ensure compliance with regulations. In cases where such high-level control points are not used as the starting point for developing the network, they must still be included in the adjustment as a point within the network and this must be clearly stated in the Technical Summary Report. Official adjustment results can only be obtained through rigorous adjustment methods after resolving all issues discovered during the summary calculation process.

h) The measurement outcomes, calculations, and adjustments when establishing a cadastral network using GNSS technology include:

- Measurement value table and correction numbers after adjustment;

- Closure error table;

- Side length, azimuth, height difference, and post-adjustment error tables (mean position error of coordinate points, relative mean error of sides, mean azimuth error of sides, and mean height error);

- Spatial orthogonal coordinate table X, Y, Z;

- Geodetic coordinate and height table B, L, H;

- Post-adjustment orthogonal plane coordinate and benchmark height table;

- Cadastral network layout diagram after construction.

18.3. Basic technical requirements when establishing a cadastral network using the traverse method and measurement outcomes, calculations, adjustments, and errors

a) Basic technical criteria for the cadastral network established using the traverse method are defined as follows:

Table 03

b) Traverse sides are measured using a distance measuring instrument with an absolute theoretical mean error of distance measurement according to the instrument's specifications (m) not exceeding 10 mm + D mm (D is the length in kilometers), measured three times independently, each measurement requiring re-targeting, and the difference between measurements does not exceed 10 mm._sshall not exceed 10 mm + D mm (D being the length measured in kilometers), measured three times separately, with each measurement requiring the target to be re-sighted, and the difference between measurements not exceeding 10 mm.

c) Horizontal angles in the traverse are measured using an angle measuring instrument with an absolute theoretical mean error of angle measurement according to the instrument's specifications not exceeding 5 seconds, measured using the full-circle method when there are three directions at the station or single direction (not closing back to the initial direction). The number of measurements is specified as follows:

Table 04

During angle measurement, the horizontal angle position in each measurement must change according to the formula:

Where: n is the number of measurements.

Angle measurement errors (common for instruments with angle measurement accuracy from 1 to 5 seconds) shall not exceed the values specified in the following table:

Table 05

d) Traverse measurement results are transferred to the ellipsoid surface and summarized using approximate adjustment methods. If the closure angle errors or closed loop errors, and relative limit closure errors of the traverse are within permissible limits, the measurement results can then be used for rigorous adjustment methods; final angle results are rounded to whole seconds, coordinates and heights are rounded to whole millimeters.

đ) Measurement outcomes, calculations, and adjustments when establishing a cadastral network using the traverse method include:

- Traverse angle and side length measurement book;

- Side length, azimuth, and post-adjustment error tables;

- Post-adjustment orthogonal plane coordinate table.

- Cadastral network layout diagram after construction.

Article 10. Control Grid for Surveying

1. The control grid for surveying is established to increase the density of coordinate points to ensure the creation of cadastral maps through direct field surveys or to supplement the densification of control points from aerial photographs when creating cadastral maps using a combination of aerial photography and direct field surveys.

2. The control grid for surveying includes: Level 1 and Level 2 control grids surveyed with electronic total stations, electronic theodolites, and control grids surveyed using GNSS technology with static, fast-static, or dynamic measurements.

2.1. The Level 1 control grid for surveying is developed based on at least two points with accuracy equivalent to cadastral points or higher. The Level 2 control grid for surveying is developed based on at least two points with accuracy equivalent to Level 1 control points or higher. The control grid for surveying using GNSS technology is developed based on at least three points with accuracy equivalent to cadastral points or higher.

2.2. For the creation of cadastral maps at a scale of 1:200, only a single-level (Level 1) control grid or a control grid surveyed using static GNSS technology (if conditions permit) may be established. In special cases, a Level 1 control grid hanging not more than four points is allowed but must include reciprocal measurements at two positions in both directions.

2.3. For the creation of cadastral maps at a scale of 1:500, a two-level (Level 1 and Level 2) control grid or a control grid surveyed using static GNSS technology (if conditions permit) may be established. In special cases, a Level 2 control grid hanging not more than four points is allowed but must include reciprocal measurements at two positions in both directions.

2.4. For the creation of cadastral maps at scales of 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, and 1:10000, additional survey stations are set up from the control grid for surveying to cover the entire survey area, but the root mean square error of the position of the point after adjustment relative to the origin should not exceed 0.1 mm according to the map scale required.

3. When establishing a control grid for surveying using the traverse method, it can be designed as a single traverse or a network with one or multiple nodes depending on the cadastral map scale required and the terrain conditions.

4. When designing a control grid for surveying, technical specifications of the grid must be specified in the technical design - budget estimate or construction plan, including: maximum length of the traverse; maximum distance between the origin and node, between two nodes; maximum and minimum lengths of traverse sides; number of angle measurements, side measurements; traverse closure angle error; mean error of angle measurement; relative closure error limit of the traverse.

5. Control points for surveying, depending on specific requirements, may be temporarily or permanently marked in the field. If permanently marked in the field, the marker specifications shall comply with the provisions in Appendix 06 attached to this Circular and must be clearly stipulated in the technical design - budget estimate of the project. If temporarily marked, the marker must ensure its existence until the completion of the project (after the cadastral map inspection and acceptance).

6. The sides of the control grid for surveying are measured with a tape measure having an absolute mean error of theoretical length measurement according to the instrument's manual not exceeding 20 mm + D mm (D is the length in kilometers); the turning angle of the traverse is measured with an angle measuring instrument having an absolute mean error of theoretical angle measurement according to the instrument's manual not exceeding 10 seconds.

7. The basic technical criteria of the control grid for surveying are defined as follows:

Criteria for Evaluating the Quality of the Survey Control Grid

8. When establishing a control grid for surveying using GNSS technology, the simultaneous observation time of four satellites or more must be at least 15 minutes; additionally, depending on the cadastral map scale required, other quality evaluation criteria of the grid must be specified in the technical design - budget estimate of the project, including: minimum number of continuously healthy satellites; maximum PDOP during measurement; sky view angle; general grid evaluation criteria.

9. The control grid for surveying is permitted to have approximate adjustments. In calculations and final results after adjustment, angle values are rounded to whole seconds; side and coordinate values are rounded to centimeters (0.01 meters).

10. The results of measurement, calculation, and adjustment when establishing the survey grid include: orthogonal coordinate table; grid diagram.

Article 11. Determining the boundaries of land plots, preparing descriptions of boundaries, and boundary markers for land plots

1. Determining the boundaries of land plots

1.1. Prior to detailed surveying, surveyors must cooperate with the person leading the survey (who is a civil servant from the commune level land administration office or a village, neighborhood, ward, or street committee member to assist and guide the determination of the current status and boundaries of land use), together with the land users and managers, to determine the boundaries and boundary markers of the land plot on-site, marking the corners of the land plot with iron nails, paint marks, concrete stakes, wooden stakes, and prepare a Description of Boundaries and Boundary Markers for the land plot as the basis for conducting the boundary survey; at the same time, require the land user to present relevant documents related to the land plot (which may provide copies of such documents without notarization or certification).

1.2. The boundaries of the land plot shall be determined based on the current status of use and management and adjusted according to the results of issuing the Certificate of Land Use Right, court judgments that are enforceable, decisions resolving disputes by competent authorities, and administrative decisions by competent authorities related to the boundaries of the land plot.

In cases where there are disputes over the boundaries of the land plot, the survey unit has the responsibility to report in writing to the People's Committee of the commune where the land plot is located to resolve the dispute. If the dispute is not resolved during the survey period and the actual boundaries of use and management can be identified, the survey shall be conducted according to those actual boundaries of use and management; if it is impossible to identify the actual boundaries of use and management, the survey unit is permitted to delineate the disputed land plots; the survey unit is responsible for preparing two copies of the Description of the Current Status of Disputed Land, one copy to be kept in the survey file and one copy to be sent to the People's Committee of the commune to implement subsequent steps to resolve the dispute within their authority.

2. Description of Boundaries and Boundary Markers for Land Plots

2.1. The Description of Boundaries and Boundary Markers for Land Plots shall be prepared according to the model specified in Appendix 11 attached hereto for all land plots except in the following cases:

a) A land plot with an agreement or document determining the boundaries and boundary markers of land use that includes a drawing clearly showing the boundaries of land use, and the current boundaries of the land plot have not changed compared to the drawing on the document;

b) A land plot with legal documents regarding land use rights that clearly show the common boundaries of the land plot with adjacent land plots and the current boundaries of the land plot have not changed compared to existing documents;

c) For agricultural production land, forestry land, salt-making land, aquaculture land with clear boundaries or fixed markers on-site, it is not necessary to prepare a Description of Boundaries and Boundary Markers for Land Use, but after the map reflecting the current status of land use is completed, it must be publicly announced at the People's Committee office and residential area for a minimum of 10 consecutive days, and simultaneously widely notified to the land users to check and compare; after the public announcement period, a Record confirming the public announcement of the cadastral map must be established according to the model specified in Appendix 14 attached hereto;

2.2. In cases where legal documents regarding land use rights include a diagram showing the boundaries of the land plot, but these differ from the current boundaries when surveying, the Description of Boundaries and Boundary Markers for the land plot must reflect both the current boundaries and the boundaries shown in the document.

2.3. In cases where the boundaries of the land plot are currently in dispute, the Description of Boundaries and Boundary Markers for the land plot must simultaneously reflect the current boundaries of use and management and the opinions of the parties involved.

2.4. In cases where the land user or adjacent land user is absent throughout the survey period, the boundaries of the land plot will be determined based on the Description already confirmed by the remaining parties involved and the person leading the survey. The survey unit is responsible for transferring the Description of Boundaries and Boundary Markers for the land plot to the People's Committee of the commune to notify (or send) the absent land user to sign afterwards.

Article 12. Detailed Surveying and Mapping

1. When conducting detailed surveying and mapping, select the type of measuring instrument and its theoretical accuracy according to the requirements for the precision of the survey map to be established and the method of land administration mapping, and clearly specify this in the technical design and project estimate.

2. Surveying and Mapping Administrative Boundary Lines

2.1. Before conducting detailed surveying and mapping, surveyors must coordinate with local administrative officials and boundary markers to determine the administrative boundary lines on-site based on current management practices and information from administrative boundary records.

2.2. Detailed surveying and mapping of administrative boundary lines shall be carried out along the actual boundaries currently managed on-site with the same level of accuracy as detailed survey points.

In cases where administrative boundary lines are described as lying on transportation objects, water systems, and non-land parcel occupying objects with a width of 0.5 meters or more on-site, detailed surveying and mapping of both sides of these objects shall be conducted and the administrative boundary line interpolated.

In cases of disputes over administrative boundary lines, the disputed boundary lines must be surveyed and depicted according to the opinions of the parties involved.

If the cadastral map has the same scale or a smaller scale than the existing numerical administrative boundary map, the administrative boundary lines can be transferred from the administrative boundary map, verified against the site.

3. Surveying and Mapping Land Parcel Boundaries

3.1. Detailed surveying and mapping of land parcel boundaries shall be carried out based on the actual current usage and management status as determined according to Article 11 of this Circular.

In cases where legal documents regarding land use rights clearly indicate the land parcel boundaries (with side dimensions or plot vertex coordinates), but the land parcel boundaries on-site have changed compared to those documents, both the land parcel boundaries indicated in the documents (dashed lines) and the current land parcel boundaries (solid lines) must be shown on the cadastral map. The surveying unit must reflect changes in land parcel boundaries in the Certificate of Survey Results for Current Land Parcel Status established according to Model 12 attached to this Circular; simultaneously, compile a list of cases of land parcel boundary changes and submit it to the People's Committee at the commune level, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, and the Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (for land parcels used by organizations) for handling within their jurisdiction.

During detailed surveying and mapping, at each station, detailed points must be arranged as inspection points for adjacent stations. The number of inspection points depends on the survey area and must not be less than two for each adjacent station. If the positional error of inspection points between two measurements from two stations is equal to or less than the allowable error specified in Article 7 of this Circular, the position of the inspection point will be determined by the average coordinates of the two measurements. If the aforementioned error exceeds the allowable error specified in Article 7 of this Circular, the cause must be identified and corrected.

For areas surveyed at the same time with different scales, common detailed points must be marked for border measurements. Border measurement points must be surveyed according to the technical specifications of the larger scale map.

3.2. After the cadastral map is accepted by the construction unit, the surveying unit prints the Certificate of Survey Results for Current Land Parcel Status according to Model 12 attached to this Circular and hands it over to the land user for verification, confirmation, declaration, and registration of land according to regulations, and resubmitting the land registration documents for acceptance of the cadastral map. If errors are found in the cadastral survey results of the land parcel, the land user must report to the surveying unit for inspection, correction, and supplementation.

4. Surveying and Mapping Residential Buildings, Other Construction Projects, and Non-Land Parcel Occupying Objects

Detailed surveying and mapping of residential buildings, other construction projects, and non-land parcel occupying objects shall be carried out along the actual boundaries currently used and managed on-site with the same level of accuracy as detailed survey points.

Article 13. Inspection and Testing of Surveying Instruments

1. Surveying instruments must be inspected, tested, and calibrated before and after the survey season, survey period, or when any changes affecting the accuracy of the instrument are detected.

2. Records of testing must be established and submitted together with survey documents.

3. The error criteria of surveying instruments must be stated in the testing records; surveying instruments may only be put into use when theoretical errors according to the instrument's history, actual errors of the instrument, and errors determined during testing meet the following standards:

a) For distance measuring instruments along traverse lines, the absolute value of the mean square error for length measurement shall not exceed 20 mm + D mm (D is the length in kilometers).

b) For angle measuring instruments along traverse lines, the absolute value of the mean square error for angle measurement shall not exceed 10 seconds.

c) The 2C error shall not exceed 12 seconds.

d) The MO error shall not exceed 5 seconds.

đ) The water bubble error for length shall not exceed 2 seconds.

e) The optical centering error shall not exceed 2 mm.

Article 14. Record Bookkeeping for Surveys

When conducting cadastral network surveys, elevation network surveys, control network surveys, and detailed cadastral map surveys, complete survey information must be recorded in the record book, and a Station Logbook must be established according to the model specified in Appendix 10 attached to this Circular, except in cases where the instruments can record all such information. For types of measurements and calculation forms for establishing cadastral networks not specified in this Circular, they shall be carried out according to the models prescribed for National Coordinate System Level III and National Elevation System Level IV as stipulated in Circular No. 06/2009/TT-BTNMT dated June 18, 2009, issued by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment on national technical standards for establishing coordinate networks, and Decision No. 11/2008/QĐ-BTNMT dated December 18, 2008, issued by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment on national technical standards for establishing elevation networks.

Article 15. Border Adjustment and Border Adjustment Processing

Cadastral maps must be adjusted at the borders between adjacent pieces within the same commune administrative unit and between adjacent pieces in different commune administrative units within the same province. The permissible error limit for border adjustment of cadastral maps is determined as follows:

Where: Dl is the deviation between the objects being adjusted; m₁, m₂ is the error corresponding to each type of map scale as specified in Clause 4 and 5 of Article 7 of this Circular.

If Dl falls within the permissible error limit mentioned above, it should be corrected as follows: for cadastral maps of the same scale, correct the data in the newly created cadastral map; for cadastral maps of different scales, correct the data in the smaller-scale cadastral map based on the data from the larger-scale cadastral map.

If Dl exceeds the permissible error limit mentioned above, the surveying and mapping of the cadastral map must be rechecked and processed.

For cadastral maps surveyed at different times, if discrepancies, overlaps, or gaps are found that exceed the permissible error limit mentioned above, they must be rechecked and the quality of the products produced must be ensured. Construction units are not allowed to make arbitrary corrections on their own products or on old documents for border adjustments but must report discrepancies, overlaps, and gaps in writing to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment for decision-making.

Article 16. Compilation of Cadastral Maps and Calculation of Area

1. The frame and layout of cadastral maps must follow the model specified in Point 1 and 2 of Section III of Appendix 01 attached to this Circular. The standard frame, expanded frame of cadastral map sections, and grid squares are determined based on theoretical values without errors.

2. Cadastral maps are compiled according to commune administrative units. The scope of representation of a cadastral map section is limited within the standard inner frame.

3. Objects on cadastral maps are represented by geometric elements in the form of points, lines (straight segments, zigzag lines), areas, symbols, and annotations.

Lines representing objects on cadastral maps must be shown using polyline, linestring, chain, or complexchain formats, depending on the mapping software; they must be continuous without breaks and have nodes at intersections between lines representing the same type of object.

Objects requiring area calculation must be established as areas. Objects in the form of areas (excluding land parcels) that are not enclosed within the scope of representation of a cadastral map section, survey area, or administrative boundary must be enclosed artificially according to the standard inner frame of the cadastral map section, survey area, or administrative boundary.

4. Land parcels that cannot be fully represented within the standard inner frame of a cadastral map section or cases where the frame must be expanded to represent all content elements exceeding the standard inner frame to minimize additional cadastral map sections at the survey area boundaries or administrative boundaries must be expanded according to Clause 2 of Article 5 of this Circular to compile the entire parcel and represent all content elements exceeding the standard inner frame.

In cases where expanding the frame of the map still fails to fully represent a land parcel, the standard inner frame of the cadastral map section remains unchanged, the part outside the frame is compiled into the adjacent cadastral map section; the parcel number, area, and land type are displayed on the map sheet occupying the larger portion of the land parcel, while the smaller portion of the land parcel only shows the land type.

5. Geometric elements and cadastral map objects must be correctly classified into information levels (levels), correctly categorized, and accurately annotated according to the provisions in Appendix 18, and correctly symbolized according to the provisions in Appendix 01 attached to this Circular.

6. Parcel labels, parcel numbering, and display of parcel information on cadastral maps

6.1. On cadastral maps, information about parcel numbers, parcel areas, and land types is displayed using mixed number symbols as specified in Appendix 01 attached to this Circular.

6.2. Parcel numbers are numbered sequentially from 01 to the end on a single cadastral map section, starting from the northernmost parcel of the cadastral map section, moving from left to right, and from top to bottom diagonally.

For objects occupying land without forming a plot, the enclosure area shall be carried out for each zone according to the boundaries of the measured area, along administrative boundary lines, or within the frame of the map's standard scale, and shall be numbered sequentially together with other plots.

6.3. When compiling cadastral maps, it is permissible to utilize empty layers (levels) of digital maps to display other attributes of the plot (owner's name, address, etc.).

7. Notes and symbols

Notes must be arranged in appropriate positions ensuring easy identification of the noted object, readability, and aesthetic appearance of the map. In cases where notes overlap with other elements, priority should be given to displaying the correct position of objects in the following order of precedence: point symbols, plot labels, and other notes.

8. File format of digital cadastral maps

Digital cadastral maps can be constructed using various software applications, but the completed product files must be converted to the *.dgn file format and include all descriptive information about the data (metadata) according to the technical standards for cadastral data set forth by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, accompanying each piece of the cadastral map.

9. Editing for printing cadastral maps

9.1. Editing for printing cadastral maps shall be performed on copies of the digital cadastral map pieces showing the current status at the time of map drawing.

9.2. Editing administrative boundary lines when administrative boundary lines coincide or overlap with other objects

a) In cases where administrative boundary lines of different levels coincide, the highest level administrative boundary line shall be displayed.

b) In cases where administrative boundary lines coincide with linear elements represented as single lines, the administrative boundary lines shall be offset on both sides of those elements.

c) In cases where administrative boundary lines lie between two double-line linear elements, the administrative boundary lines shall be centered within those elements if the clearance between the administrative boundary line symbol and the lines of the element is not less than 0.2 mm on the map; otherwise, they shall be offset on both sides as in the case where administrative boundary lines coincide with single-line linear elements.

9.3. Editing land occupation boundary lines when land occupation boundary lines of different objects coincide

a) In cases where the boundaries between two different types of area objects intersect, the boundary line shall be edited in a higher layer.

b) In cases where objects intersect at different levels, the object above shall be continuously displayed without interruption through the intersection area. The enclosed boundary lines of the objects below shall be displayed according to the adjacent lines of the vertical projection of that object with the vertical projection of the object above.

9.4. When a plot or part of a plot cannot be displayed as an area according to the scale on the map, the plot shall be drawn non-proportionally and displayed in an appropriate position inside or outside the map frame. For transportation and hydrographic linear objects with a width under 0.2 mm on the map, they shall be displayed along their centerline and annotated with their width.

9.5. Editing notes and symbols when notes and symbols overlap with other elements

a) Notes and symbols must be arranged in appropriate positions ensuring easy identification of the noted object, readability, and aesthetic appearance of the map. Display the positions of elements in the following order of precedence: point symbols, plot labels, and other elements;

b) Plot labels shall be displayed according to the current status information. For small and narrow plots where plot labels cannot be placed inside the plot, the labels shall be displayed at suitable positions outside the plot; if this is not possible, only the plot number shall be displayed inside or outside the plot, while simultaneously creating a list of small and narrow plots below the southern edge of the cadastral map piece. If plot labels or plot numbers need to be displayed outside the plot area, an arrow pointing to the plot shall be indicated.

9.6. Cadastral paper maps shall be printed in color on A0 size drawing paper with a weight of 120g/m² or more, using specialized map printing machines, with a minimum print resolution of 1200 x 600 dpi, high-quality ink, and in compliance with technical machine standards.² or higher, using specialized map printing machines, with print settings achieving a minimum resolution of 1200 x 600 dpi, high-quality ink suitable for technical machine standards.

10. Calculating area

10.1. Area calculation shall be performed on digital maps for all plots and objects occupying land without forming a plot using analytical methods.

In cases where areas of the same type of region (same type of transportation or waterway objects...) intersect at the same level, the occupied land area of the object shall be calculated based on the outermost land occupation boundary line.

In cases where regions of different types (different types of transportation or waterway objects) or the same type but intersecting at different levels, the area of the overlapping portion of the vertical projections of these objects on the ground shall be calculated for the object directly on the ground.

10.2. When there is a discrepancy between the total area of all land occupation objects and the area of the encompassing region covering all land occupation objects in a cadastral map piece, the cause must be identified and addressed for cases where land occupation objects are counted repeatedly or omitted.

11. The area and attribute information of plots and objects occupying land without forming a plot shall be recorded and summarized within the scope of each cadastral map piece and the administrative unit at the commune level in the Land Register according to the model specified in Appendix 15 and the Summary Table of Plot Numbers, Areas, and Number of Land Users and Managers According to Current Survey and Mapping of Cadastral Maps as stipulated in Appendix 16 attached to this Circular; simultaneously, they shall be compiled into the statistical table of current land use status of the administrative unit at the commune level according to the regulations on land statistics and inventory of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Table 01/TKDD, 02/TKDD, 03/TKDD).

12. In the case where detailed cadastral map surveying is conducted for only a necessary portion of the area without completing the closed administrative boundary survey of the commune and the detailed cadastral map area surveyed exceeds 50% of the natural area, it is necessary to compile additional maps at appropriate scales from other types of maps to calculate the enclosed administrative boundary area (calculate the area based on the documentation of other maps used to delineate this area).

Article 17. Cadastral Map Surveying, Supplementing, and Redrawing

1. Cadastral Map Rectification

1.1. The rectification of cadastral maps shall be carried out in the following cases:

a) The appearance of new land plots and new land occupation objects (excluding construction works and assets on land);

b) Changes in the boundaries of land plots and land occupation objects (excluding construction works and assets on land);

c) Changes in the area of land plots;

d) Changes in land use purposes;

đ) Changes in information about the legal status of land plots;

e) Changes in boundary markers and administrative boundary lines at various levels;

g) Changes in cadastral coordinates and national coordinates;

h) Changes in boundary markers and safety zones for construction projects;

i) Changes in place names and annotations on the map.

1.2. Basis for Deciding to Carry Out Cadastral Map Rectification

a) Changes in the boundaries of land plots, areas of land plots, and land use purposes shall be implemented in the following cases: decisions on land allocation, land leasing, recognition of land use rights, land recovery by competent authorities; decisions of People's Committees at all levels, court judgments regarding land disputes; results of issuing and rectifying certificates of land use rights in cases involving transfer, conversion, inheritance related to changes in boundaries and land use purposes; decisions allowing changes in land use purposes; changes in land plot boundaries due to landslides, natural subsidence; land users and land management agencies at all levels discovering errors in cadastral map surveys;

b) Boundary markers and administrative boundary lines on the map shall be rectified and supplemented in cases where there are decisions to change administrative boundaries, establish new administrative units, have completed boundary survey files, and set up boundary markers on-site;

c) Coordinate points, planning markers, and safety zones for construction projects on the map shall be rectified and supplemented when new boundary markers are established on-site and notified by competent state authorities;

d) The rectification and supplementation of information on place names, orientation landmarks, and other attribute information shall be decided independently by land management agencies at all levels upon discovering changes.

1.3. When rectifying changes in land plot boundaries, the representation of rectification content and the recording of rectification information shall be carried out as follows:

a) New land plot boundary lines shall be shown on the cadastral map in red; old boundary lines shall be converted into separate layers on the cadastral map in digital form, and crossed out with red ink for paper cadastral maps;

b) The rectification of the cadastral map must be synchronized with the rectification of information in the land registration forms and related documents.

1.4. When conducting cadastral map rectification surveys, simple survey methods such as setting adjacent sides, aligning straight lines, measuring with tape measures, transferring drawings from planning maps... may be used, and starting points may include: coordinate points from control grids for mapping, old station point grids and above; corner points of land plots and main construction works present on the map and still existing on-site; the accuracy of rectification shall be carried out according to the accuracy requirements of cadastral maps.

1.5. The rectification of land plot serial numbers shall be regulated as follows:

a) In the case of new land plots arising from splitting or merging land plots, the old land plot serial numbers shall be canceled, and the new serial numbers shall be assigned consecutively after the largest serial number on the cadastral sheet; simultaneously, a "Rectified Land Plot Table" must be established at an appropriate location within or outside the map frame, except in the case of rectifying the cadastral map within the cadastral database. The content of the "Rectified Land Plot Table" must reflect the serial number, land type code, and area of the split or merged land plot before rectification, as well as the serial number, land type code, and new area of the land plot after rectification;

b) In the case where the State recovers part of a land plot but the recovered part does not form a new land plot and the remaining area is not divided into multiple land plots, the remaining area that has not been recovered shall retain its original land plot serial number.

2. Supplementing Cadastral Maps

Supplementing cadastral maps shall be carried out for communes that already have cadastral maps but have not completed the closed administrative boundary survey, including areas that have been delineated on the cadastral map but have not been detailed to individual land plots.

3. Redrawing Cadastral Maps

Redrawing cadastral maps shall be carried out for areas that already have cadastral maps but have undergone changes in the following situations:

3.1. Agricultural land areas that have been replanned and consolidated, changing all field boundaries;

3.2. Areas implementing land use planning to form administrative centers, urban areas, residential areas, economic zones, high-tech zones, industrial zones, export processing zones, and industrial clusters;

3.3. Areas with paper cadastral maps that are torn, damaged, and cannot be restored or digitized;

3.4. Areas with existing cadastral maps created using aerial photography or mechanical theodolite methods prior to the effectiveness of this Circular, with scales smaller than those required by this Circular.

4. Sections of cadastral maps shall be compiled for reprinting in the following cases:

4.1. Changes in administrative boundary lines related to sections of cadastral maps;

4.2. The number of land plots has changed due to supplementary surveys and rectifications on the map, affecting more than 40% of the land plots on the previously printed section of the map.

Article 18. Land Survey Plotting

1. The land survey plotting of a plot of land shall be carried out at scales of 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, and 1:10000. Determining the scale for land survey plotting of a plot of land shall be conducted according to Clause 1 of Article 6 of this Circular and may choose a larger scale one level higher than prescribed to suit the size of the plot of land.

2. The land survey plotting of a plot of land shall be carried out in the national coordinate system VN-2000; in cases where separate land survey plotting is conducted for households or individuals, it can be carried out in the national coordinate system VN-2000 or in a free coordinate system.

3. When conducting land survey plotting for issuance of Certificate of Land Use Rights, the Land Plot Measurement Result Confirmation Form must be simultaneously established according to the model specified in Appendix 12 attached to this Circular.

4. The land survey plot should be compiled in square or rectangular shape to display the measured plot of land. The frame and layout of the land survey plot shall be implemented according to the model specified in Point 3, Section III of Appendix 01 attached to this Circular. In cases where land survey plotting serves land registration, issuance of individual certificates, and annual regular issuance, the frame and layout of the land survey plot shall be implemented according to the model specified in Point 4, Section III of Appendix 01 attached to this Circular.

The land survey plot shall be numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals from 01 to the end within a year within the scope of the commune administrative unit.

5. The implementation of land survey plotting and presentation, and amendment of the plot of land in the land survey plot shall be carried out as if the object were the plot of land on the land map as stipulated in this Circular. When conducting land survey plotting of two or more plots of land at the same time that can be displayed within the same land survey plot, they must be displayed within one land survey plot.

6. The digital land survey plot can be constructed using various software applications, but the completed product file must be converted to the *.dgn file format. Additionally, when conducting land survey plotting in the national coordinate system VN-2000, all information about data (metadata) must be entered fully according to the technical standards for cadastral data of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment accompanying each land survey plot.

7. The paper land survey plot shall be printed on paper sizes ranging from A4 to A0 depending on the scale of the plot of land surveyed and the scale of the land survey plot to fully display the surveyed plot of land and provide sufficient space for the layout of the frame according to regulations. The printed paper must have a weight of 120g/m².² or higher, using specialized map printing machines, with print settings achieving a minimum resolution of 1200 x 600 dpi, high-quality ink suitable for technical machine standards.

Article 19. Symbols of Cadastral Maps

1. The symbols of cadastral maps specified in Appendix 01 attached to this Circular are used uniformly to represent the elements of cadastral maps, land survey plots at scales of 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, and 1:10000 in both digital and paper formats. Special cases applicable only to digital maps or paper maps or specific types of map content or specific scales will have their own regulations regarding symbols and explanations of symbols.

2. Symbols are divided into three types:

2.1. Proportional drawing symbols: drawn according to the shape and size of the geographic feature based on the map scale.

2.2. Half-proportional drawing symbols: one dimension of the symbol is proportional to the actual size of the geographic feature, while the other dimension represents a convention not following the map scale.

2.3. Non-proportional drawing symbols are conventional symbols not accurately representing the scale of the geographic feature's size; these symbols are used when the geographic feature cannot be drawn to scale or in some cases where the feature can be drawn to scale but requires additional conventional symbols placed in designated positions to enhance readability and orientation of the map.

3. The center of non-proportional symbols shall be aligned with the center of the mapped object.

3.1. For geometric-shaped symbols such as circles, squares, triangles, rectangles, etc., the center of the geometric shape is the center of the symbol.

3.2. For figurative symbols with a base circle such as schools, transformer stations, etc., the center of the base circle is the center of the symbol.

3.3. For figurative symbols with a base line such as pagodas, towers, fountains, etc., the midpoint of the base line is the center of the symbol.

4. Notes include identifying notes showing place names and names of mapped objects, and explanatory notes showing attribute information of geographic features.

4.1. Notes shall be expressed in Vietnamese; ethnic minority place names must be transliterated into Vietnamese.

4.2. Only symbols, fonts, and numbers as prescribed in this Circular shall be used to express the content of the notes.

4.3. Notes shall be arranged parallel to the southern frame of the cadastral map plot, except for notes of linear geographic features and narrow plots which shall be arranged along the direction of the geographic feature, with note heads pointing towards the northern frame.

5. When representing construction works by symbolic signs and notes, if the object is completely within the boundary of a plot of land, full information about the containing plot of land must be shown.

Construction works with small and narrow dimensions in densely populated areas with small plots, when represented, may cause difficulty in reading and cluttering the map content, thus selective representation of historical, cultural, and highly directional significance works is allowed.

6. For mapped objects with high directional significance that cannot be noted inside the object, the notes shall be placed outside and an arrow pointing to the object shall be indicated.

Article 20. Land Register Book

1. The Land Register Book is established to list land parcels and land users who do not form land parcels based on the results of cadastral map compilation, cadastral map revision, and cadastral survey within the administrative unit of commune.

2. The contents of the Land Register Book include the serial number of the cadastral map sheet, the cadastral survey fragment; the serial number of the land parcel, land users who do not form land parcels; the name of the land user and manager; the code of the land user and manager; area; type of land (including current land use type, legal land use right type, approved land use planning type).

3. The Land Register Book is established in digital form, stored in the land database, printed together with the cadastral map for storage, and duplicated for use in places where there are no conditions to exploit and utilize the land database.

The establishment of the Land Register Book shall be carried out after completing the editing of the cadastral map fragment and the cadastral survey fragment.

4. The content and form of establishing the Land Register Book shall be detailed according to the model prescribed in Appendix 15 attached to this Circular.

Chapter III

MANAGEMENT AND USE OF CADASTRAL MAPS

Article 21. Preparation of Technical Design and Budget Estimate for Cadastral Surveying and Mapping

1. When conducting cadastral surveying and mapping, a technical design and budget estimate must be prepared, reviewed, and approved according to the regulations of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on project management and construction works in the field of land management.

Technical designs and budget estimates for cadastral surveying and mapping serving the preparation of cadastral records, issuance of Certificates of Land Use Rights, and construction of land databases, once approved by competent authorities, must be submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Land Management General Department) along with the Approval Decision for monitoring implementation and supervision.

2. A survey report must be prepared based on the results of surveys, collection, analysis, and evaluation of relevant materials before preparing the technical design and budget estimate.

3. When preparing the technical design and budget estimate, if different technical standards from those stipulated in this Circular are applied, a report must be submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, and approval in writing from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is required before implementation can proceed.

4. The technical design and budget estimate include the following main contents:

4.1. The necessity of conducting cadastral surveying and mapping;

4.2. Legal basis;

4.3. Objectives, requirements, scope of tasks, volume of work;

4.4. Characteristics of natural, economic, and social conditions, and current land use status of the locality where the project or work of cadastral surveying and mapping is implemented;

4.5. Current situation of cadastral surveying and mapping work in the locality; current status and potential for using surveying and mapping materials, cadastral maps, topographic maps, administrative boundary maps, aerial photographs, and other types of materials and maps;

4.6. Current status of human resources, technical equipment, and capacity for implementing the project or work of cadastral surveying and mapping by local land management agencies;

4.7. Design and technical solutions;

4.8. Implementation organization;

4.9. Budget estimate;

4.10. Feasibility assessment and risks of implementing the project or work.

5. In cases of extracting cadastral information for individual land parcels, it is not necessary to prepare a technical design and budget estimate, but a construction plan must be prepared and approved by the competent authority.

For cases of extracting cadastral information for individual land parcels to implement land registration procedures and issue Certificates of Land Use Rights annually, an annual implementation plan must be prepared and submitted to the People's Committee at the appropriate level for approval.

For cases of extracting cadastral information for individual land parcels based on the needs of land users without using state budget funds, it shall be carried out under service contracts, without the need to prepare a construction plan.

The main contents of the construction plan include:

5.1. Basis for preparing the construction plan;

5.2. Summary of objectives, requirements, scope of tasks, volume of work;

5.3. Summary of technical solutions and implementation organization;

5.4. Implementation costs.

Article 22. Provisions on supervision, inspection, acceptance, and confirmation of products

1. The stages and products of cadastral surveying must be supervised, inspected, and accepted for product quality and actual workload.

2. Supervision, inspection, and acceptance shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regarding supervision, inspection, evaluation, and acceptance of products related to cadastral surveying work.

3. The basis for supervision, inspection, and acceptance includes the provisions of this Circular and technical design - project estimate documents, technical documents of the survey area that have been approved by competent authorities.

4. The contents of supervision, inspection, and acceptance include:

4.1. Human resources, surveying machinery and equipment used in construction;

4.2. Compliance with procedures and progress schedules;

4.3. Quality and quantity of product stages of the works, completion of works, and submission of products.

5. Detailed contents and levels of supervision and inspection shall be implemented according to the regulations of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regarding supervision, inspection, evaluation, and acceptance of products related to cadastral surveying work.

6. Confirmation of cadastral maps

6.1. Cadastral maps must be signed and confirmed by the construction unit for the product; the inspection unit signs to confirm the product quality; the People's Committee of the commune signs to confirm the mapping consistent with current management and use status; the Department of Natural Resources and Environment signs to approve the acceptance of product quality sufficient for use at the position outside the map frame according to the model specified in Point 1, Section III of Appendix No. 01 attached to this Circular.

6.2. Recompiled cadastral maps must be confirmed by the recompilation unit for the product, the inspection unit signs to confirm the product quality; the Department of Natural Resources and Environment signs to approve at the position outside the map frame according to the model specified in Point 2, Section III of Appendix No. 01 attached to this Circular.

7. Confirmation of extracted cadastral parcels

7.1. In cases where cadastral parcels of land plots are extracted by the Land Registration Office or branch of the Land Registration Office or the Land Use Right Registration Office in places without a Land Registration Office (hereinafter referred to collectively as the Land Registration Office) for land registration purposes, issuance of individual certificates, and annual regular issuance, there must be signatures of the surveyor, the inspector, and the Director of the Land Registration Office signing to approve at the position outside the parcel frame according to the model specified in Point 3, Section III of Appendix No. 01 attached to this Circular.

In cases where cadastral parcels of land plots are extracted by other units with functions in cadastral surveying for land registration purposes, issuance of individual certificates, and annual regular issuance, there must be signatures and seals of the surveying unit; the inspector under the Land Registration Office; the Director of the Land Registration Office signing to approve.

7.2. In cases where cadastral parcels of land plots are extracted for compensation, clearance of land, land recovery, auction of land use rights, and other land management purposes, the confirmation of extracted cadastral parcels shall be carried out as prescribed for the confirmation of cadastral maps as stipulated in Clause 6.1 of Article 6 of this Decree.

Article 23. Packaging and Submission of Survey Products

1. Packaging of Land Surveying and Mapping Products

After being inspected and accepted, cadastral maps and related documents must be fully certified according to prescribed forms and packed into boxes, pairs, bags, or bound into sets with notes and indexes for reference, and undergo a final check before submission.

2. Submission of Land Surveying and Mapping Products

2.1. The construction unit shall submit land surveying and mapping products to the project sponsor for use at various levels as follows:

a) People's Committee of Commune includes:

- Agreement Record for land use for marker burial and wall construction for marker protection; Coordinate Note of cadastral points; Marker Handover Record; Notice on marker burial and wall construction for marker protection: 01 set;

- Cadastral map in paper and digital form: 01 set;

- Land Register in paper and digital form: 01 set;

- Administrative Boundary Confirmation Record: 01 set;

- Publicizing Cadastral Map Confirmation Record: 01 set;

- Summary Table of plot numbers, areas, number of land users, and managers within the administrative unit based on current cadastral map survey status: 01 set;

- Land Surveying and Mapping Product Handover Record: 01 set.

b) Department of Natural Resources and Environment includes:

- Coordinate Note of cadastral points; Grid Coordinate Table of cadastral grid and survey control grid: 01 set;

- Cadastral map in paper and digital form: 01 set;

- Land Register in paper and digital form: 01 set;

- Administrative Boundary Confirmation Record: 01 set;

- Publicizing Cadastral Map Confirmation Record: 01 set;

- Summary Table of plot numbers, areas, number of land users, and managers within the administrative unit based on current cadastral map survey status: 01 set;

- Land Surveying and Mapping Product Handover Record: 01 set.

c) Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment includes:

- Cadastral Grid Diagram and Survey Control Grid Diagram after construction on the basis of paper and digital topographic map: 01 set;

- Agreement Record for land use for marker burial and wall construction for marker protection; Coordinate Note of cadastral points; Marker Handover Record; Notice on marker burial and wall construction for marker protection: 01 set;

- Description of Plot Boundaries and Markers: 01 set;

- Various Survey Books and Related Documents (if any);

- Inspection and Testing Documentation of Survey Equipment: 01 set;

- Calculation and Adjustment Documentation of Cadastral Grid and Survey Control Grid: 01 set;

- Cadastral map in paper and digital form: 01 set;

- Land Register in paper and digital form: 01 set;

- Administrative Boundary Confirmation Record: 01 set;

- Publicizing Cadastral Map Confirmation Record: 01 set;

- Summary Table of plot numbers, areas, number of land users, and managers within the administrative unit based on current cadastral map survey status: 01 set;

- Confirmation Form of Current Land Plot Survey Results: 01 set;

- Land Surveying and Mapping Product Handover Record: 01 set;

- Supervision, Inspection, and Acceptance Documentation: 01 set.

d) State Land Management General Department includes:

- Technical Design - Project Estimate and Approval Decision: paper form 01 set, digital form 01 set;

- Cadastral Map and Map showing closed administrative boundary of commune (when not surveying the closed administrative boundary of commune) in digital form: 01 set;

- Acceptance Record and Quality and Quantity Confirmation of Completed Works in paper form: 01 set.

2.2. The submission of survey products between the construction unit and the project sponsor, and between the project sponsor and the levels using them must be recorded in a record according to the model specified in Appendix 17 attached to this Circular.

2.3. In addition to the quantity of products and acceptance documentation submitted as stipulated in Point 2.1 Clause 2 of this Article, the project sponsor shall determine the quantity of products and acceptance documentation according to project management regulations for cadastral surveying and mapping and must be clearly stated in the technical design - project estimate.

2.4. Completion confirmation and settlement of cadastral surveying and mapping projects can only be carried out after all acceptance documentation and products specified in Point 2.1 Clause 2 of this Article have been handed over and stored.

3. In cases where land plots are surveyed for land registration purposes, issuance of individual certificates, and annual updates, the survey products shall be managed by the Land Registration Office.

In cases where land plots are surveyed for other land management purposes, the products shall be submitted and stored at the agency or unit using the extracted cadastral survey plot according to the purpose of the survey and at the Land Registration Office for updating and amending cadastral records and databases.

All cadastral surveying and mapping products must be stored according to state document storage regulations and cannot be discarded even if new updated or replacement documents are available.

Chapter IV

IMPLEMENTING PROVISIONS

Article 24. Transitional Provisions

For cadastral surveying and mapping projects approved and implemented before this Circular takes effect but not yet completed, the following shall apply:

1. For work contents already completed and products already accepted by the construction unit, continue implementing those work contents according to the Project, Technical Design - Project Estimate, Construction Plan approved, except for the work contents stipulated in Clause 2 of this Article.

2. For editing, presentation, confirmation of cadastral maps, extraction of cadastral survey plots, establishment of land registers, and compilation of land statistics data that have not been accepted by the project sponsor, they must be carried out according to this Circular.

Article 25. Effective Date

1. This Circular takes effect from July 5, 2014.

2. This Circular replaces Circular No. 55/2013/TT-BTNMT dated December 30, 2013 issued by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment regarding the establishment of cadastral maps.

Article 26. Implementation

1. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, government agencies; Provincial People's Committees, centrally governed cities shall be responsible for directing the implementation of this circular.

2. The General Department of Land Administration shall be responsible for inspecting the implementation of this Circular.

3. Provincial Departments of Natural Resources and Environment shall assist provincial People's Committees in implementing this Circular at local level.

During the implementation process, if there are difficulties or obstacles, agencies, organizations, and individuals should report to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for consideration and resolution./.