Decision No. 51/2004/QD-BNN on issuing technical regulations for planting, caring for, and harvesting bamboo shoots of Dian Zhu

DECISION OF THE MINISTER

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Regarding the issuance of technical regulations

for planting, caring for, and harvesting bamboo shoots of the Dian Zhu species

 

 

THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

 

Pursuant to Decree 86/2003/NĐ-CP dated July 18, 2003 of the Government stipulating the functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development;

Pursuant to the Regulation on the establishment, review, and issuance of industry standards promulgated together with Decision No. 135/1999-QĐ-BNN-KHCN dated October 1, 1999;

At the proposal of the Director of the Science and Technology Department and the Director of the Forestry Department,

 

DECISION:

 

Article 1. Now hereby promulgating along with this decision Industry Standard 04TCN 69-2004:Technical Regulations for Planting, Caring for, and Harvesting Bamboo Shoots of the Dian Zhu Species (Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro)";

Article 2. The above standard shall take effect fifteen days from the date of publication in the Official Gazette;

Article 3. The Permanent Secretary of the Ministry, Directors of the Science and Technology Department, Director of the Forestry Department, Heads of related units are responsible for implementing this decision./.

   

 

INDUSTRY STANDARD 04TCN 69 - 2004 TECHNICAL REGULATIONS

PLANTING, CARING FOR, AND HARVESTING BAMBOO SHOOTS OF THE DIEN ZHU SPECIES.

Other names: MaBamboo, Bat Du

(Scientific name: Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)

(Issued together with Decision No.: 51/2004/QĐ-BNN dated October 19, 2004)

 

1. GENERAL ISSUES

1.1. Content

These regulations specify technical solutions from the stage of determining planting conditions, propagation, planting, caring for, nurturing, management, and protection to harvesting bamboo shoots of the Dien Zhu species.

1.2. Objectives

These regulations aim to plant Dien Zhu bamboo to harvest bamboo shoots as the main product, achieving a minimum yield of 30 tons/hectare/year starting from the fourth year onwards.

1.3. Scope of Application

These regulations apply nationwide in areas with suitable planting conditions and planted in pure stands.

These regulations apply to all units and individuals engaged in production and business under all forms of economic organization.

2. PLANTING CONDITIONS

Suitable conditions for planting Dien Zhu bamboo:

 

 

 

Note: Do not plant Dien Zhu bamboo on acid sulfate soils, saline soils, limestone soils, or long-term flooded soils.

 

3. PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES

For Dien Zhu bamboo, the appropriate propagation method is through cuttings.

 

3.1. Criteria for selecting mother plants and cuttings for propagation

Select mother plants that are 12 - 14 months old, growing well, free from pests and diseases (dark green stems, fully developed leaves).

 Select cuttings that are mature branches with a diameter of at least 0.8 cm, having shed 3 - 4 leaf sheaths, with leaves reaching maximum size, free from pests and deformities.

3.2. Timing for cutting branches: From April to November.

3.3. Propagation techniques3.3.1. Preparation of tools and materials.

Tools.Hand saw.

Branch cutting scissors.

Hatchet.

Materials.

Medium loam soil sifted (screen mesh 1cm).

Dried straw chopped finely (maximum 3cm).

Nylon string: 12cm x 60cm or 12cm x 70cm.

Clean water.

Rooting hormone IAA or aNAA.

Creating a ball of soil for cuttings

Mix sifted soil with chopped straw in a ratio of 50% soil + 50% straw (by volume).

3.3.2. Use clean water to dilute the rooting hormone to a concentration of 50 - 100 ppm.

Mix the soil-straw mixture with the rooting hormone solution to form a pliable soil ball (when held in hand, it should be soft and pliable, but not stick to the palm when squeezed).

3.3.3. Cutting branches

Use scissors to cut the tip of the branch, leaving a stem length of 30 - 40cm from the base, the stem must have 2 nodes, 3 internodes, the third internode left 4 - 5cm.

 

Use a hatchet to remove side branches around the base of the cutting branch, avoiding damage to the base node.

Use a hand saw to cut above the base of the cutting branch on the mother plant to a depth of 2/3 of the diameter, then cut below the base of the cutting branch to a depth of 2mm (the upper and lower cuts form a straight line).

Use hands to peel off the leaf sheaths around the base of the cutting branch.

Use 100 - 150 grams of the pliable soil ball to cover the base of the cutting branch with a length of about 5cm.

Use nylon string to tightly wrap the cutting ball to ensure rainwater does not soak it and it does not dry out during dry weather.

3.3.4. Criteria for transplanting cuttings to nursery

After 20 - 30 days, when the roots have fully developed and turned from white to slightly yellowish-white (visible through the white nylon), proceed to break the cutting and transfer it to the nursery for further care.

3.4. Care for cuttings in the nursery 3.4.1. Nursery

The nursery is built according to Industry Standard 04TCN-52-2002 issued together with Decision No. 3588/QĐ-BNN-KHCN dated September 3, 2002 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

3.4.2. Creating beds Direct cutting bed: Length based on specific nursery conditions, width 1.2 - 1.4m, height 15 - 20cm, with a drainage ditch between two beds 40cm wide. The surface soil of the bed is loosened and mixed with compost at a rate of 5kg/m

surface of the bed.Direct cutting bed: Length based on specific nursery conditions, width 1.2 - 1.4m, height 15 - 20cm, with a drainage ditch between two beds 40cm wide. The surface soil of the bed is loosened and mixed with compost at a rate of 5kg/m

Raised bed with pots: Length based on specific nursery conditions, width 1.2 - 1.4m, height 5 - 7cm, with a drainage ditch between two beds 40cm wide.

3.4.3. Planting cuttings3.4.3.1. Direct planting on beds

Cuttings are planted in trenches 5 - 7cm deep with a spacing of 10cm x 10cm (100 cuttings/m² ). Remove the nylon from the cuttings, place them diagonally at 60

degrees in the trench so that the nodes develop outward, cover with soil and press firmly. After planting, water evenly across the bed at 5 - 8 liters/m

. Planting cuttings in pots

Composition of potting mix:

Surface soil or B horizon: 69%²Composted manure: 30%^° Superphosphate: 1%.² Pot size: Use plastic pots 14x20cm or 15x22cm.

3.4.3.2Inserting cuttings into pots

Composition of potting mix:

 Surface soil or layer B:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    &

Manure compost: 30%

Superphosphate: 1%.

Seedling bags: Use PE seedling bags with dimensions 14x20cm or 15x22cm.

 Filling and planting seedlings: Mix the seedling soil into 1/3 of the pot bottom, press firmly with your hand, then insert the stripped cutting into the pot at an angle of 80 to 85 degrees so that the roots develop on both sides. Continue filling the pot with the seedling soil mixture until it is full but do not break the pot.⁰ Arrange the pots: The pots are tightly arranged on prepared raised beds, rows of pots are staggered on the bed surface with a density of about 120 pots/m. Heap soil up to 2/3 of the pot height to cover both sides of the bed. Water evenly at a rate of 5 to 8 liters/m.

3.4.4. Care for seedlings²After planting, ensure 60% shade coverage, with a canopy height of 2 meters across the entire nursery area.² Reduce shade coverage to 30% after 30 to 40 days, to 15% after 60 to 70 days. Remove all shading structures 15 to 20 days before transplanting out of the nursery.

Water regularly to keep the nursery beds moist until transplanting out.

Perform weeding, turning over the pots, and loosening the surface of the beds and pots according to a schedule of once a month.

3.5. Seedling standards for transplanting

Seedlings are grown in the nursery for 3 to 4 months.

Seedlings should have developed leaves, natural green color, and complete secondary root systems.

Seedlings must be free from pests, diseases, deformities, and broken branches or leaves.3.4.1. Nursery

PLANTING TECHNOLOGY

4.1. Design for planting

forests

 

4. Conduct surveys, measure areas, create maps, and estimate costs according to the industry standard 04 - TCN - 51 - 2001 on forest planting design procedures issued by Decision No. 516/QĐ-BNN-KHCN dated February 18, 2002 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

4.2. Planting methods, techniques, and density4.2.1. Planting method:

Pure species

4.2.2. Planting technique : Planting using potted or bare-root seedlings.

4.2.3. Density Density: 500 trees/ha Row spacing: 4m between trees, 5m between rows.

4.3. Preparing land for planting forests:4.3.1. Clearing vegetation

: Clear completely, collect plant debris and stack them along contour lines.: Planting using potted or bare-root seedlings.

4.3.2. Soil preparation

: By pit.

Pit size: 60cm x 60cm x 60cm. When digging pits, separate the topsoil layer for later use in backfilling.4.3.3. Arranging plantings

: On sloping land: Zigzag arrangement. On flat land: Straight rows.4.3.4. Backfilling and basal fertilizationUse a spade to mix the surrounding topsoil (fertile, loose soil) and the reserved topsoil layer from when digging the pit, placing this mixture down to 1/2 to 2/3 of the pit depth.

Apply organic fertilizer (compost or well-decomposed green manure) at a rate of 15kg to 30kg per pit, thoroughly mix the soil-fertilizer blend, then cover with a thin layer of topsoil (3cm) to prevent direct contact between tree roots and fertilizer.4.4. Seasonal timing

Northern region:

Spring season: From February to April. Autumn season: From August to September.:

Central region:

From August to November. ¸ Southern region and Central Highlands: From May to September. Note: Choose days with rain or cool weather for planting.

 

4.5. Planting techniques:: Planting using potted or bare-root seedlings.

4.5.1. Planting with potted seedlingsDig a central hole in the pit filled with soil-fertilizer mixture, ensuring the depth allows the seedling to sit with the pot surface 4 to 5 cm below the pit surface.

Carefully remove the plastic pot without breaking the soil ball.

Place the seedling vertically in the planting hole. On slopes, orient the seedling towards the hilltop. On flat ground, align the seedling in the same direction.Proceed with backfilling: Three layers, two compactions (three layers of soil, only compact the first two layers around the seedling, the third layer remains loose to create a loose topsoil layer post-planting). Heap soil 4 to 5 cm thick over the seedling pot in a cone shape.

Cover the base of the seedling with straw or grass to retain moisture. Male 4.5.2. Planting with bare-root seedlingsDirectly transplant seedlings from the nursery bed, trim excessively long roots, then dip the roots in mud or diluted soil before planting.

Dig a planting hole as described in section 4.5.1.

Insert the seedling at a 60-degree angle into the hole, allowing the roots to spread naturally. On slopes, orient the seedling towards the hilltop. On flat ground, align the seedling in the same direction so that side branches spread evenly on both sides.

Proceed with backfilling: Two layers, one compaction (two layers of soil, only compact the first layer around the seedling, the second layer remains loose to create a loose topsoil layer post-planting). Heap soil from 2/3 to the first internode of the seedling.

CARE, NURTURE, AND PROTECTION OF FORESTS

5.1. Care and nurturing of forests:

5.1.1. Replanting

Immediately replant missing or dead seedlings during the first care cycle across the entire planted area.

Replant all dead and non-viable seedlings.

5.1.2. Care

Number of care cycles: Three years after planting:

First year: 1 to 2 times. Second and third years: 2 to 3 times.

Care activities:⁰ Cut all vines and shrubs throughout the area.

Weed and loosen soil around the planting holes with a diameter of 1 meter.

 

5. 5.1.3. Forest nurturing

 

Prune and clean

Timing: From November to February of the following year. Select healthy mother trees, evenly distributed within clusters, leaving 6 to 8 trees per cluster.

Cut unhealthy trees

Old trees, diseased trees, and clusters showing signs of decline.

5.1.2. Care Maintenance

Number of care sessions: Care for the first three years after planting:

First year: 1 to 2 times

Second and third years: 2 to 3 times

Content of care:

Prune all climbing and shrub plants throughout the area.

Clear weeds and loosen soil around planting holes with a diameter of 1 meter.

5.1.3. Forest nurturing

5.1.3.1. Thinning and cleaning pruning 4.2.1. Planting method:

Thinning time from November to February of the following year.

Retained mother trees: Select healthy mature mother trees, evenly distributed within each cluster, retaining 6 to 8 trees per cluster.

Trees to be thinned: Old trees, diseased trees, clusters showing signs of decline.

Cutting technique: Expose the roots of the trees to be cut using tools such as machetes or axes, cutting close to the base. Clear all trees and branches from the forest.

5.1.3.2. Fertilization - Weeding and mulching around the base

Fertilization: Apply twice annually.

Timing:

First application: February to March.

Second application: July to August.

Quantity applied: Organic fertilizer (rotten manure or well-composted green manure) from 15 to 30 kg per hole. Inorganic fertilizer from 0.2 kg per stem to 0.3 kg per stem (at a ratio of N-P-K 5-10-3).

Application technique: Use a spade to dig soil around the tree in a trench shaped like a horseshoe, about 15 to 20 cm deep. Evenly spread organic and inorganic fertilizers around the base on the dug trench.

Weeding and mulching around the base: Clean weeds around the clump. Use a spade to loosen and cover the soil over the fertilizer. The height of the mulched base should reach two-thirds of the first internode of the tree within the clump. The width of the mulched base should be from 30 cm to 40 cm, measured from the outermost tree in the clump to the edge of the trench outside the mulched base.

5.2. Protection 4.2.1. Planting method:

5.2.1. Prevention and control of pests and diseases Mainly use silvicultural techniques for prevention and control of pests and diseases.

Dig trenches 1 meter wide around the clump to eliminate larvae of bamboo shoot pests.

Regular care and cleaning during appropriate seasons to limit leaf and stem pests and rust disease.

In cases of leaf-rolling caterpillars, spray Nitox 1 over the entire area where pests are present.

5.2.2. Fire prevention and firefighting in forests^°Implement the Fire Prevention and Firefighting Regulations for Pine Forests, Melaleuca Forests, and Other Easily Ignitable Forest Types (QPN8-86), issued with Decision No. 801/QD dated September 26, 1986, by the Ministry of Forestry (now the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development).

HARVESTING BAMBOO SHOOTS 6.1. Harvesting season

Bamboo shoots are primarily harvested from May to September each year.

6. 6.2. Harvesting objects and intensity

6.2.1. Harvesting objectsDuring the exploitation of oil and gas, the Contractor may utilize oil and gas extracted from the Contract Area to serve exploration activities within necessary limits, consistent with internationally accepted petroleum industry practices.

Underground bamboo shoots: Shoots still under the ground. Identification method: Look for cracks in the soil or wet patches on the surface or emerging buds.

 

Above-ground bamboo shoots: Shoots protruding from the ground between 20 cm and 40 cm. During the exploitation of oil and gas, the Contractor may utilize oil and gas extracted from the Contract Area to serve exploration activities within necessary limits, consistent with internationally accepted petroleum industry practices.

Standing bamboo shoots: Shoots growing above the ground between 80 cm and 100 cm.During the exploitation of oil and gas, the Contractor may utilize oil and gas extracted from the Contract Area to serve exploration activities within necessary limits, consistent with internationally accepted petroleum industry practices.

6.2.2. Harvesting intensity

Harvest all shoots but leave 6 to 8 large healthy shoots evenly distributed in the clump as mother plants for the next year.

6.3. Harvesting technique

 

Underground and above-ground bamboo shoots: During the exploitation of oil and gas, the Contractor may utilize oil and gas extracted from the Contract Area to serve exploration activities within necessary limits, consistent with internationally accepted petroleum industry practices.

Use a spade to expose the shoots completely, then cut at the widest part of the shoot using appropriate tools. Avoid damaging the remaining eyes of the shoot. After cutting, cover the soil back as it was originally. If it rains after cutting, wait 1 to 2 days before covering the soil.

Standing bamboo shoots: During the exploitation of oil and gas, the Contractor may utilize oil and gas extracted from the Contract Area to serve exploration activities within necessary limits, consistent with internationally accepted petroleum industry practices.

Cut at ground level using appropriate tools, then cover the soil over the cut area. 6.4. Processing and preserving bamboo shoots after harvesting

Bamboo shoots must be washed clean, boiled for 30 to 40 minutes, cooled, peeled, and transported to processing facilities within 2 to 3 hours after harvesting. If stored for 6 to 7 days, soak the shoots in saturated salt water. (Harvesting → Washing → Boiling → Cooling → Transporting to processing facility)

Standing bamboo shoots: During the exploitation of oil and gas, the Contractor may utilize oil and gas extracted from the Contract Area to serve exploration activities within necessary limits, consistent with internationally accepted petroleum industry practices.

 

Cut at ground level using appropriate tools, then cover the soil over the cut area. Peel and cut into rings (each ring is 3 to 5 cm long). Boil thoroughly for 30 to 40 minutes, cool, dry, and place in sealed plastic bags for fermentation for 15 days, then sun-dry in shaded areas with good air circulation.

 

(Harvesting → Cutting into rings → Boiling → Cooling → Fermentation → Sun-drying)

7.1. Establishing Bamboo Planting Procedures Based on this Regulation, Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development shall develop specific procedures suitable for local conditions, to be approved by the Provincial People's Committee.

7.2. Establishing Economic and Technical Standards for Bamboo Planting

7. IMPLEMENTING PROVISIONS

Based on these procedures, Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development of provinces shall establish economic and technical standards for bamboo planting, to be submitted to the Provincial People's Committee for approval and implementation within their respective provinces./.

Based on these regulations, the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development shall develop specific procedures suitable for local conditions and submit them to the Provincial People's Committees for approval.

7.2. Establishing economic and technical norms for planting bamboo forests

Based on the procedures, the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development of the provinces shall establish economic and technical norms for planting bamboo forests and submit them to the provincial People's Committees for approval to apply within their respective provinces./.