Circular No. 55/2013/TT-BTNMT on the establishment of cadastral maps

CIRCULAR

Regulations on the establishment of cadastral maps

_________

 

Based on the Land Law dated November 26, 2003;

Pursuant to Decree No. 12/2002/NĐ-CP dated January 22, 2002 of the Government on surveying and mapping activities;

Pursuant to Decree No. 21/2013/NĐ-CP dated March 4, 2013 of the Government on the functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment;

At the proposal of the Director General of the Land Administration General Department, the Director of the Science and Technology Department, and the Director of the Legal Affairs Department,

The Minister of Natural Resources and Environment issues the Circular stipulating the establishment of cadastral maps.

PART I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of Regulation

This Circular sets out the basic technical requirements for surveying, establishing, amending, managing, and using cadastral maps and land parcel surveys.

Article 2. Applicability

Agencies, organizations, and individuals related to the activities of surveying, establishing, amending, managing, and using cadastral maps and land parcel surveys.

Article 3. Explanation of Terms

In this Circular, the following concepts, terms, and words shall be understood as follows:

1. Land parcel is a continuous portion on the surface of the land within the management and use scope of a land user or a group of users sharing the land or a land manager; having the same purpose of use as prescribed by land laws.

In cases where a garden or pond attached to a house cannot determine the boundaries of each area of use, they may also be collectively recognized as one land parcel.

For terraced fields, a land parcel is determined to include adjacent steps with the same purpose of land use, belonging to the same land user (without distinction according to internal field boundaries separating the steps).

2. Type of land is the specific name indicating the purpose of land use. On the cadastral map, the land parcel survey plot is represented by symbols corresponding to the purpose of land use as specified in Point 11, Appendix No. 01 accompanying this Circular.

If a land parcel has a main purpose of use and secondary purposes, on the cadastral map, only the main type of land use will be shown.

3. Parcel label is a type of symbol used to indicate information explaining the location and attributes of a land parcel, including: parcel number, parcel area, land type.

4. Parcel number (ST) is a natural number used to number a land parcel, uniquely identified for each land parcel within the scope of a cadastral map compilation unit at the commune level and a land parcel survey plot.

5. Parcel area is the projected area of the land parcel on the map plane; expressed in square meters (m²), rounded to one decimal place.

6. Land parcel survey is the cadastral survey conducted separately for a land parcel to serve land management in areas without a cadastral map or where existing maps do not meet management requirements or have boundary changes requiring amendment.

7. Survey plot is a drawing showing the results of the land parcel survey.

8. Map object is the land parcel and other topographic features on the ground depicted on the map through geometric elements (points, lines, regions, geometric symbols) and explanatory notes.

Article 4. Abbreviations

1. GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System): Global Positioning Satellite System.

2. UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator): Universal Transverse Mercator Grid.

3. VN-2000: National Geodetic Reference System and Coordinate System VN-2000.

4. Certificate: Certificate of Land Use Right, House Ownership Right, and Other Property Rights Attached to the Land.

5. Commune-level administrative unit: Commune, Ward, Town.

6. Commune-level People's Committee: Commune, Ward, Town People's Committee.

7. Commune-level Cadastre Officer: Commune, Ward, Town Cadastre Officer.

 

Chapter II

ESTABLISHMENT OF CADASTRAL MAPS

Article 5. Mathematical Basis

1. The cadastral map is established on a plane projection surface at zone 3^°, with the central meridian according to each province and centrally governed city, using the National Coordinate System VN-2000 and the current National Elevation System.

The central meridian according to each province and centrally governed city is specified in Appendix 2 attached to this Circular.

2. The inner frame of the cadastral map sheet is expanded when necessary to show elements that exceed the standard inner frame's scope. The expansion range of the cadastral map sheet's inner frame on each side is 10 cm or 20 cm compared to the standard inner frame.

3. The orthogonal coordinate grid on the cadastral map is set up with intervals of 10 cm on the map sheet, forming intersection points marked by cross symbols (+).

4. Parameters of the standard map file

4.1. Coordinate system parameters

The cadastral map is established within the National Coordinate System Vietnam VN-2000 as prescribed in Circular No. 973/2001/TT-TCĐC dated June 20, 2001, issued by the Land Administration General Department guiding the application of the National Reference System and the National Coordinate System VN-2000.

4.2. Measurement Unit Parameters (Working Units)

a) Main Working Unit (Master Units): meter (m).

b) Secondary Working Unit (Sub Units): millimeter (mm).

c) Resolution: 1000.

5. Division and numbering of cadastral map sheets

5.1. Cadastral Map at Scale 1:10,000

The cadastral map sheet at scale 1:10,000 is determined as follows:

The plane projection surface is divided into squares, each square having an actual size of 6 x 6 km corresponding to one cadastral map sheet at scale 1:10,000. The standard inner frame size of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:10,000 formatted on paper is 60 x 60 cm, corresponding to an area of 3,600 ha on the ground.

The number of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:10,000 consists of 8 digits: the first two digits are 10, followed by a hyphen (-), then three even kilometers (km) of the X coordinate, and the last three digits are the three even kilometers (km) of the Y coordinate of the top-left corner point of the standard inner frame of the map sheet.

5.2. Cadastral Map at Scale 1:5,000

The plane projection surface is divided into squares, each square having an actual size of 3 x 3 km corresponding to one cadastral map sheet at scale 1:5,000. The standard inner frame size of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:5,000 formatted on paper is 60 x 60 cm, corresponding to an area of 900 ha on the ground.

The number of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:5,000 consists of 6 digits: the first three digits are the even kilometers (km) of the X coordinate, and the last three digits are the three even kilometers (km) of the Y coordinate of the top-left corner point of the standard inner frame of the map sheet.

5.3. Cadastral Map at Scale 1:2,000

Divide the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:5,000 into nine squares. Each square has an actual size of 1 x 1 km corresponding to one cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2,000. The standard inner frame size of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2,000 formatted on paper is 50 x 50 cm, corresponding to an area of 100 ha on the ground.

The squares are numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals from 1 to 9 from left to right and top to bottom. The number of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2,000 includes the number of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:5,000, a hyphen (-), and the square number.

5.4. Cadastral Map at Scale 1:1,000

Divide the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2,000 into four squares. Each square has an actual size of 0.5 x 0.5 km corresponding to one map sheet at scale 1:1,000. The standard inner frame size of the map sheet at scale 1:1,000 formatted on paper is 50 x 50 cm, corresponding to an area of 25 ha on the ground.

The squares are numbered sequentially with letters a, b, c, d from left to right and top to bottom. The number of the map sheet at scale 1:1,000 includes the number of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2,000, a hyphen (-), and the square letter.

5.5. Map at Scale 1:500

Divide the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2,000 into sixteen squares. Each square has an actual size of 0.25 x 0.25 km corresponding to one cadastral map sheet at scale 1:500. The standard inner frame size of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:500 formatted on paper is 50 x 50 cm, corresponding to an area of 6.25 ha on the ground.

The squares are numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals from 1 to 16 from left to right and top to bottom. The number of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:500 includes the number of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2,000, a hyphen (-), and the square number in parentheses.

5.6. Map at Scale 1:200

Divide the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2,000 into one hundred squares. Each square has an actual size of 0.10 x 0.10 km corresponding to one cadastral map sheet at scale 1:200. The standard inner frame size of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:200 formatted on paper is 50 x 50 cm, corresponding to an area of 1.00 ha on the ground.

The squares are numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals from 1 to 100 from left to right and top to bottom. The number of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:200 includes the number of the cadastral map sheet at scale 1:2,000, a hyphen (-), and the square number.

The division diagram and numbering of cadastral map sheets are specified in Appendix 3 attached to this Circular.

6. Name of the cadastral map sheet

The name of the cadastral map sheet includes the administrative unit name (Province - District - Commune) where the map was surveyed, the cadastral map sheet number, and the cadastral map sheet sequence number within the commune administrative unit.

The cadastral map sheet sequence number is numbered with Arabic numerals from 01 onwards from left to right and top to bottom for all types of maps and does not overlap within a commune administrative unit.

In case additional cadastral map sheets are generated, the new cadastral map sheet sequence number will be assigned consecutively following the largest existing sequence number within the same commune administrative unit.

The cadastral map sheet name and the cadastral map sheet sequence number can be abbreviated, including the phrase "Sheet Number" and the cadastral map sheet sequence number within a commune administrative unit.

7. Name of the extracted cadastral map sheet

The name of the cadastral extraction plot includes the name of the administrative unit (Province - District - Commune) conducting the cadastral survey, the coordinate system used for the cadastral survey (VN-2000, free), the area where the cadastral survey is conducted (land parcel address: house number, field, village, hamlet...), the cadastral map sheet number (in cases where the cadastral survey of land parcels is conducted in areas that have been divided into map sheets and numbered), the sequential number of the cadastral survey, a hyphen (-) and the year the cadastral survey was conducted.

The sequential number of the cadastral survey is marked with Arabic numerals from 01 to the end, without repetition within a single year in a commune-level administrative unit.

The abbreviated name of the cadastral extraction plot and the cadastral extraction plot number include the term "TD", the sequential number of the cadastral survey in a single year, a hyphen (-) and the year the cadastral survey of the land parcel was conducted in the commune-level administrative unit (for example: TD03-2013).

The format and presentation of the cadastral extraction plot are specified in Appendix No. 3 attached to this Circular.

8. Density of control points for plane coordinates

8.1. Establishing cadastral maps, direct cadastral survey of land parcels

a) Scale 1:5000; 1:10,000: On average 5 km² has one control point for plane coordinates with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point or higher.

b) Scale 1:500; 1:1000; 1:2000: On average from 1 to 1.5 km² has one control point for plane coordinates with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point or higher.

c) Cadastral map scale 1:200: On average 0.3 km² has one control point for plane coordinates with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point or higher.

d) In cases where the survey area is linear in shape, on average every 1.5 km length, one plane coordinate point with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point or higher is arranged.

8.2. Establishing cadastral maps at scales of 1:2000; 1:5000; 1:10,000 using aerial photography combined with direct survey on-site

On average 25 km² has one control point for plane coordinates with accuracy equivalent to a cadastral point or higher.

Article 6. Selection of scale and method for drawing up cadastral maps

1. The scale for drawing up cadastral maps is determined based on the type of land and the average density of land parcels per hectare (ha). The average density of land parcels per hectare is abbreviated as M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.}and is determined by dividing the number of land parcels by the total area (ha) of the land parcels.

1.1. Scale 1:200

Is applied to land within the urban area of special-class cities with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 60.

1.2. Scale 1:500

Is applied to areas with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 25 belonging to urban land, urban area land, rural residential land with urban characteristics; M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 30 belonging to general residential land.

1.3. Scale 1:1000

Is applied in the following cases:

a) Areas with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 10 belonging to residential land;

b) Areas with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 20 belonging to narrow and elongated agricultural land; agricultural land within wards, towns, communes in districts adjacent to cities and communes in provincial towns, cities directly under provinces;

c) Concentrated agricultural land areas with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 60.

1.4. Scale 1:2000

Is applied in the following cases:

a) Areas with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 5 in agricultural areas;

b) Areas with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≤ 4 in residential areas.

1.5. Scale 1:5000

Is applied in the following cases:

a) Areas with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≤ 1 in agricultural production areas, aquaculture areas, salt production areas, other agricultural areas;

b) Areas with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} ≥ 0.2 in forestry areas.

1.6. Scale 1:10,000

Is applied in the following cases:

a) Forestry land with M_{organize credit institutions, foreign bank branches are responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular.} < 0,2;

b) Unused land, large water surface areas when it is necessary to survey to close the administrative boundary.

1.7. Small and narrow land parcels of different types interspersed in the areas stipulated in Points 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 Clause 1 of this Article shall be selected to be surveyed at the same scale as the corresponding land types.

2. Selection of methods for drawing up cadastral maps

2.1. Cadastral maps are established by direct survey on-site using electronic total stations, GNSS technology methods, or aerial photography combined with direct survey on-site.

2.2. The method of establishing cadastral maps using GNSS technology that is not static measurement and the method using aerial photography combined with direct survey on-site can only be applied to establish cadastral maps at a scale of 1:1000 in agricultural areas and cadastral maps at scales of 1:2000, 1:5000, 1:10,000, but must be clearly specified in the technical design - project estimate.

2.3. Cadastral maps at scales of 1:200, 1:500 can only be established using direct survey on-site with electronic total stations.

Article 7. Accuracy of cadastral maps

1. The mean error of the position of control points on the plane relative to the initial point after adjustment shall not exceed 0.10 mm according to the scale of the map.

2. The error in representing corner points of the map frame, intersection points of the kilometer grid, national coordinate points, cadastral points, and other points with coordinates on the cadastral map in digital form is defined as zero (no error).

3. On paper cadastral maps, the length error of the map frame edge shall not exceed 0.2 mm, the diagonal error of the map shall not exceed 0.3 mm, and the distance between the coordinate point and the corner point of the map frame (or the intersection point of the kilometer grid) shall not exceed 0.2 mm compared to the theoretical value.

4. The positional error of any point on the boundary of a plot represented on a digital cadastral map relative to the nearest control survey points shall not exceed:

5 cm for cadastral maps at a scale of 1:200

7 cm for cadastral maps at a scale of 1:500

15 cm for cadastral maps at a scale of 1:1000

30 cm for cadastral maps at a scale of 1:2000

150 cm for cadastral maps at a scale of 1:5000

300 cm for cadastral maps at a scale of 1:10,000

For rural areas with a terrain slope exceeding 10 degrees,^° the above errors are allowed to be increased by 1.5 times.

5. The reciprocal error in the position of two arbitrary points on the boundary of the same plot represented on a digital cadastral map relative to the actual distance measured directly or indirectly from the same station shall not exceed 0.2 mm according to the map scale, but shall not exceed 4 cm on the ground for plot edges less than 5 meters in length.

In areas with a terrain slope exceeding 10 degrees,^°detailed points processed at the border, the reciprocal errors of the aforementioned points are allowed to be increased by 1.5 times.

6. The positions of administrative boundary markers are determined with the accuracy of control survey points.

7. When checking errors, both the positional error of points relative to the nearest control points and the reciprocal positional error of points must be checked simultaneously. The largest error shall not exceed the maximum allowable error. The number of errors having values equal to or close to (from 70% to 100%) the maximum allowable error shall not exceed 5% of the total number of checks. In all cases, these errors shall not be systematic.

Article 8. Content of cadastral maps

1. Main elements displayed on cadastral maps

Cadastral maps display the following main elements:

a) Map frame.

b) National coordinate control points, elevation control points of various classes, cadastral points, photogrammetric control points, and survey control points with stable markers.

c) Administrative boundary markers, administrative boundary lines at various levels.

d) Planning boundary markers, safety zones for transportation, water management, electricity, and other facilities with safety zones.

đ) Plot boundaries, land types, plot numbers, and plot areas.

e) Residential buildings and other construction works in urban areas, urban areas within rural regions, and land plots assigned or leased by the State to organizations.

Only major construction works (residential buildings, office buildings, factories, warehouses, tanks...) are shown on the map, temporary structures are not shown. Underground constructions, when required to be shown on the cadastral map, must be specifically noted in the technical design - budget estimate.

g) Objects occupying land but not forming plots.

h) Land features, historical, cultural, social, and highly significant objects.

i) Land shape or height markers (when required to be shown, they must be specifically noted in the technical design - budget estimate).

k) Explanatory notes.

When displaying elements on cadastral maps, the symbols specified in Appendix 1 attached to this Circular must be followed.

2. Displaying content on cadastral maps

2.1. Administrative boundary markers, administrative boundary lines at various levels

a) National borders and sovereignty pillars on cadastral maps must comply with treaties and agreements signed between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and neighboring countries; in areas without such treaties or agreements, they must be displayed according to regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

b) Administrative boundaries at various levels on cadastral maps must comply with administrative boundary files; relevant legal documents concerning adjustments to administrative boundaries at various levels.

c) For administrative units adjacent to the sea, cadastral maps must be surveyed and displayed up to the average low tide line over five years. If the low tide line cannot be determined, the cadastral map must show the land use boundary up to the coastline at the time of cadastral map surveying.

d) When discrepancies are found between administrative boundaries in the administrative boundary files and the actual managed administrative boundaries, or disputes arise regarding administrative boundaries, the construction unit must report in writing to the provincial and district natural resources and environment authorities for resolution by competent authorities. Both the administrative boundary line according to the administrative boundary file (indicated in black) and the actual managed administrative boundary line (indicated in red) and disputed areas must be shown on the map.

If administrative boundaries at various levels coincide, the highest level administrative boundary line must be indicated.

đ) After completing the cadastral map survey, a confirmation record must be established between related administrative units according to the model specified in Appendix 9 attached to this Circular. If there are differences between the administrative boundary files and the actual management situation, a confirmation record must be established between related administrative units.

2.2. Boundary markers, safety zone markers for transportation, water management, electricity, and other facilities with safety zones

These types of boundary markers and safety zone markers must only be shown if boundary markers have been set on the ground or if there are sufficient legal documents ensuring the accuracy of detailed points on the cadastral map.

2.3. Plot objects

a) The apexes of the land plot are the points of inflection on the boundary line of the plot; for curved sections on the boundary line, the apexes of the land plot are determined to ensure that the distance from the connecting line between two consecutive detailed points to the corresponding curved apex does not exceed 0.2 mm according to the map scale.

b) The sides of the land plot on the map are defined by straight lines connecting two consecutive apexes of the plot.

c) The boundary of the land plot is a zigzag line formed by the connected sides of the plot, enclosing the area belonging to that plot.

In cases where the boundaries of agricultural land use, unused land are the plot edges, shared drainage ditches not belonging to the plot with a width less than 0.5 meters, the boundary of the land plot is determined according to the centerline of the plot edge, drainage ditch; if the width of the plot edge, drainage ditch is 0.5 meters or more, the boundary of the land plot is determined according to the edge of the plot edge, drainage ditch.

2.4. Types of Land

The types of land shown on the cadastral map must be consistent with the current land use status at the time of cadastral map creation and adjusted based on the results of land use right registration and cadastral record adjustment. The surveying unit is responsible for compiling reports to the competent natural resources and environment authority to issue Certificates of Land Use Rights in cases where the type of land according to the current status differs from the type of land on the previously issued Certificate of Land Use Rights before the survey.

In cases where there is a garden, pond attached to a house or land with multiple areas used for different purposes but cannot determine the boundaries of each usage area, the boundary of the land plot is determined as the perimeter of the entire area of land with the garden, pond attached to the house and land with multiple areas used for different purposes; on the cadastral map, the purpose of residential land and current agricultural uses must be clearly marked.

2.5. Artificial and Natural Objects on the Land

a) Boundaries of land occupied by houses and ground-level construction works

Are determined by the outermost edge of the surrounding wall adjacent to the ground, the outermost edge of the vertical projection onto the ground of the structures built on columns, structures not adjacent to the ground that extend beyond the scope of the surrounding wall adjacent to the ground (excluding balconies, additional details on the building walls, roof overhangs).

The boundaries of land occupied by underground works are determined by the outermost edge of the vertical projection onto the ground of such works.

b) Transportation System

Represents the land occupied by all railway lines, roads, internal roads within residential areas, internal agricultural field traffic roads, forestry roads, logging road plots within forestry land areas, and related traffic facilities such as bridges, culverts, sidewalks, road shoulders, embankments, cuttings.

c) Hydrological System

Fully represents rivers, streams, creeks, canals, ditches, and drainage systems. For natural hydrological systems, the stable bank line and water edge at the time of survey or image rectification must be depicted. For artificial hydrological systems, the boundaries are represented according to the land occupied by the works.

Article 9. Cadastre Grid

1. The cadastre grid shall be established based on the national coordinate and elevation system to increase the density of control points, serving as the basis for developing the control surveying grid and detailed surveying.

The cadastre grid shall be designed on large-scale topographic maps or cadastral maps, land use status maps. When designing the grid, it must ensure that the points are evenly distributed within the survey area, with priority given to increasing density in areas with heavy obstruction and complex terrain; existing second-level cadastral control points and national elevation points of class IV or higher within the survey area must be included in the newly designed grid.

The cadastre grid must be connected to at least three coordinate control points with accuracy equivalent to national coordinate points of class III or higher. In cases where the cadastre grid is established using GNSS technology, elevation connections must be made with at least two elevation control points with accuracy equivalent to national elevation points of class IV or higher.

When calculating the results of establishing the cadastre grid using GNSS technology, both coordinates and elevations must be determined simultaneously.

2. Cadastral coordinate points must be selected at locations with stable and solid ground, clear visibility, outside the construction project boundary; ensuring long-term existence in the field; facilitating measurement sighting and development of lower-level grids.

When establishing the grid using GNSS technology, the points must ensure an opening angle to the sky greater than 120 degrees; at least 500 meters away from radio transmission stations; at least 50 meters away from transformer substations, high-voltage power lines, and high-voltage power stations.^°3. Markers shall be made of porcelain or non-rusting metal, with a cross-hatch mark at the center of the marker; the marker surface shall record the point number (the point number shall be engraved below the surface of the marker). The markers must be surrounded by a protective wall, with information about the management authority, point number, and marker burial time recorded on the wall surface. The marker and surrounding wall must be made of concrete with a strength grade of 200 or higher. Specifications for markers and protective walls are stipulated in Appendix 6 attached hereto.

In cases where first and second-level cadastral markers are reused, the old point number must be recorded on the wall surface, and the new point number in the new grid must be recorded in the technical file of the new grid along with a note about the old number.

In unstable areas or areas with weak soil foundations where concrete markers cannot be buried, wooden stakes may be used as cadastral markers but must be specifically provided for in the technical design and budget estimate of the project.

Marker numbers shall be consecutively assigned according to the name of the survey area from 01 to the end, following the principle of left to right, top to bottom along the square coordinate grid on the design map. Cadastral point numbers within a survey area must not duplicate each other, and survey areas within a province must not have duplicate names.

Before burying or installing markers, the construction unit must establish an Agreement Record for Land Use with the land user according to the model specified in Appendix 4 attached hereto. In cases where markers are buried in areas without specific land users, a written notice must be given to the People's Committee of the commune where the marker is buried according to the model specified in Appendix 5 attached hereto. Upon completion of the marker burial on-site, a record of the cadastral coordinate point must be established according to the model specified in Appendix 7 attached hereto. After completing the project, a handover record for the marker must be established according to the model specified in Appendix 8 attached hereto for management and protection.

All equipment used for measuring the cadastre grid must be inspected according to regulations for each type of equipment before use. Inspection documentation must be kept together with the results of the cadastre grid measurements.

When calculating and in the final result, angular values must be rounded to the nearest second, coordinate and elevation values must be rounded to the nearest millimeter.

8. The cadastre grid can be established using GNSS technology or by traverse method, polygonal network method, or reciprocal method, but the main method for establishing the cadastre grid is through GNSS technology and the traverse method.

9. Basic technical requirements for the cadastre grid

9.1. General basic technical criteria for the cadastre grid are defined as follows:

Table 01

Criteria for evaluating the quality of the cadastre grid

a) Basic technical criteria for the cadastre grid when established using GNSS technology are defined as follows:

Values dX, dY, dZ are obtained from solving baselines participating in the closed loop, n is the number of sides forming the closed loop

Where: ;

 

b) Specialized antennas, satellite signal receivers, and software must be used to receive signals, determine coordinates, and calculate elevations.

Prior to use, the operation of the receiver and accompanying devices must be checked; only when functioning normally can they be put into use. For currently used receivers, the functionality of the keys must be checked, and the stability of the signal reception process must be tested through trial measurements, and data transmission from the receiver to the computer must be verified. For new receivers, trial measurements must be conducted on standard sites (for single-frequency receivers) or on level 0 points (for dual-frequency receivers) and compared with existing data.

c) A measurement schedule must be established prior to measurement. When establishing the schedule, the broadcast ephemeris without SA interference should not be older than one month. Parameters to be entered into the scheduling software include the date of the schedule creation; geographic location of the survey area (geographic coordinates taken from the map, centered on the survey area, values B, L accurate to minutes); minimum number of satellites to observe 4; maximum PDOP allowed for observation 4; minimum duration of a measurement session 60 minutes; threshold angle 15 degrees

c) Prior to measurement, a measurement schedule must be established. When establishing the measurement schedule, a broadcast ephemeris from a satellite without SA interference shall be used, which should not be older than one month. The parameters that need to be entered into the scheduling software include the date of the measurement schedule; the geographic location of the measurement area (geographic coordinates determined on the map, taken at the center of the measurement area, values of B and L accurate to minutes); the minimum number of satellites required for observation 4; the maximum PDOP allowed for observation 4; the minimum duration of each measurement session 60 minutes; threshold angle 15^°.

d) During the process of measuring the coordinate grid on-site, the antenna must be oriented towards the North with an allowable deviation not exceeding 10 degrees;^°; the height of the antenna is calculated as the average from three independent measurements at the beginning of the measurement, during the measurement, and before turning off the receiver, read to the millimeter, with a deviation between measurements not exceeding 2 mm.

đ) When using various types of satellite signal receivers from different manufacturers to establish the same grid, the measured data files from each receiver must be converted to the RINEX (Receiver Independent Exchange) format.

e) Use appropriate software modules for the type of satellite signal receiver to automatically solve vector edges; when roughly calculating vector edges, ensure the following criteria:

- The solution is accepted (for single-frequency receivers): Fixed;

- The Ratio index (for single-frequency receivers): > 1.5 (only considered until the solution is Fixed);

- Root Mean Square (RMS) distance error: < 20 mm + 4.D mm (D is in kilometers);

- Reference Variance: < 30.

The adjustment of the grid can only be performed after a rough calculation of the edge and closure errors for the entire network has met technical requirements.

g) If technical criteria are not met during the rough calculation of the edge, it is permissible to recalculate by replacing the starting point, establishing new loops, or not using high-level control points to develop the cadastral grid if the remaining high-level control points still meet the regulations. In cases where these high-level control points are not used as starting points for developing the grid, they must still be included in the adjustment as points within the grid and clearly stated in the Technical Summary Report. Official adjustment results can only be obtained through strict adjustment methods after resolving issues discovered during the rough calculation.

h) The results of measurements, calculations, and adjustments when establishing a cadastral grid using GNSS technology include:

- Measurement values and correction numbers after adjustment;

- Closure error table;

- Table of edge lengths, azimuths, elevations, and errors after adjustment (positioning error standard deviation, relative edge length error standard deviation, azimuth edge error standard deviation, and elevation error standard deviation);

- Orthogonal spatial coordinates X, Y, Z table;

- Geodetic coordinates B, L, H table;

- Orthogonal planar coordinates and adjusted orthometric heights table;

- Completed cadastral grid diagram.

9.3. Basic technical requirements when establishing a cadastral grid using the traverse method and the results of measurements, calculations, and adjustments

a) The basic technical criteria for the cadastral grid established using the traverse method are defined as follows:

Table 03

b) Traverse edges are measured using a distance meter with an absolute mean square error of measurement not exceeding 10 mm + D mm (D is the length of the edge measured in kilometers), measured three times independently, each time requiring re-targeting, the difference between measurements does not exceed 10 mm._{"7. A flexible power plant is a thermal power plant using reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) or aeroderivative gas turbines (Aero-GT) with fast start-up capabilities, designed in modular form to generate electricity for balancing capacity and maintaining power system stability."}) not exceeding 10 mm + D mm (D is the length of the measured side in kilometers), measured three times separately, with each measurement requiring re-targeting the target, the difference between measurements not exceeding 10 mm.

c) Horizontal angles in the traverse are measured using an angle meter with an absolute mean square error of measurement not exceeding 5 seconds, measured using the full-circle method when there are three directions or more at the station or the single direction method (not closing back to the opening direction). The number of measurements is specified as follows:

Table 04

When measuring angles, the horizontal angle position in each measurement must change according to the formula:

Where: n is the number of measurements.

Limit errors when measuring angles (commonly applied to instruments with angular measurement accuracy from 1 to 5 seconds) shall not exceed the values specified in the following table:

Table 05

d) The results of the traverse measurement are transferred to the Geoid surface, calculated roughly using approximate adjustment methods; when the closure angle errors or loop closure errors, relative traverse closure errors are within permissible limits, the measurement results can be used for strict adjustment methods; final results are rounded to whole seconds for angles, and to millimeters (0.001m) for coordinates and heights.

đ) The results of measurements, calculations, and adjustments when establishing a cadastral grid using the traverse method include:

- Angle measurements, traverse edge measurements;

- Table of edge lengths, edge azimuths, and errors after adjustment.

- Adjusted orthogonal planar coordinates table;

- Completed cadastral grid diagram.

Article 10. Survey Control Grid

1. The survey control grid is established to increase the density of coordinate points to ensure the creation of maps through direct field survey methods or to increase the density of control points for supplementary surveys outside the field when creating cadastral maps using aerial photography combined with direct field surveys.

2. The survey control grid includes: first-level survey control grid, second-level survey control grid, or survey control grid measured using GNSS technology.

The first-level survey control grid is developed based on at least two coordinate points with accuracy equivalent to cadastral points or higher. The second-level survey control grid is developed based on at least two coordinate points with accuracy equivalent to first-level survey control points or higher. The survey control grid measured using GNSS technology is developed based on at least three coordinate points with accuracy equivalent to cadastral points or higher.

3. For mapping cadastral maps at a scale of 1:200, only the first-level survey control grid may be established. In special cases, the first-level survey control grid may hang up to four points but the mean error of point position after adjustment must not exceed 5 cm compared to the origin point.

For mapping cadastral maps at a scale of 1:500, a two-level survey control grid (first level and second level) shall be established. In special cases, the second-level survey control grid may hang up to four points but the mean error of point position after adjustment must not exceed 0.1 mm x M (M is the denominator of the required cadastral map scale) compared to the origin point.

For mapping cadastral maps at scales of 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, and 1:10,000, additional measurement stations shall be added from the second-level survey control grid and the survey control grid measured using GNSS technology to cover the entire survey area, but the mean error of point position after adjustment must not exceed 0.1 mm x M (M is the denominator of the required cadastral map scale) compared to the origin point.

4. When establishing the survey control grid using the traverse method, depending on the density of initial points, it can be designed as a single line or a network with one or more nodes, according to the required cadastral map scale and terrain conditions. In technical design and project estimates, the main technical specifications of the grid must be specified, including: maximum length of the traverse; maximum distance between the origin point and node, and between two nodes; maximum and minimum lengths of traverse sides; number of angle measurements, side measurements; traverse closure angular error; mean error of angle measurement; relative traverse closure error limit.

5. Survey control points, depending on specific requirements, may be temporarily or permanently marked in the field. If permanently marked in the field, the marker specifications must follow the provisions in Appendix 6 attached to this Circular and must be clearly defined in the technical design and project estimate. If temporarily marked, the markers must ensure their existence until the completion of the project (after cadastral map inspection and acceptance).

6. The sides of the survey control grid are measured using a total station with a mean error of absolute length measurement not exceeding 20 mm + D mm (D is the length of the measured side in kilometers); traverse turning angles are measured using a total station with a mean error of absolute angle measurement not exceeding 10 seconds._{"7. A flexible power plant is a thermal power plant using reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) or aeroderivative gas turbines (Aero-GT) with fast start-up capabilities, designed in modular form to generate electricity for balancing capacity and maintaining power system stability."}7. The survey control grid can be constructed using GNSS technology, the traverse method, the polygon method, or the intersection method, but must meet the following basic criteria:

Table 06

Criteria for Evaluating the Quality of the Survey Control Grid

8. The survey control grid is allowed to have approximate adjustments. In calculations and final results after adjustment, angle values are rounded to whole seconds; length and coordinate values are rounded to centimeters (0.01 meters).

9. The results of measurement, calculation, and adjustment when establishing the survey grid include: orthogonal coordinate table; grid diagram.

9. The results of measurement, calculation, and error adjustment when establishing a survey network include: a table of horizontal rectangular coordinates; a network diagram.

Article 11. Determining land use boundaries, preparing boundary descriptions, and establishing land parcel markers

1. Determining land use boundaries

Prior to detailed surveying, surveyors must coordinate with local authorities and relevant land users to determine the boundaries and markers of the land parcels on-site, mark the vertices of the land parcels, and prepare a Boundary Description and Marker Description for the land parcels.

The boundaries of the land parcels are determined based on the current usage status, adjusted according to the results of registration for issuance of the Certificate of Land Use Right, effective judgments, resolution outcomes of disputes by competent authorities, and administrative decisions related to the boundaries of the land parcels.

In cases where there are ongoing disputes over land parcel boundaries, the survey unit is responsible for reporting in writing to the People's Committee of the commune where the land parcel is located for resolution. If the dispute has not been resolved during the survey period, the survey shall be conducted based on the actual current usage boundaries, and the survey unit is responsible for preparing two (02) copies of the description of the disputed land area, one copy to be kept in the survey file and one copy to be sent to the People's Committee of the commune to implement subsequent steps to resolve the dispute within their authority.

2. Boundary Description and Marker Description of the Land Parcel

The Boundary Description and Marker Description of the Land Parcel is prepared according to the model specified in Appendix 11 attached to this Circular for all land parcels except in the following cases:

a) Land parcels that have agreements or documents determining the boundaries and markers of land use with clear boundary drawings, and the land parcel boundaries have not changed.

b) Land parcels that have been issued a Certificate of Land Use Right or one of the types of land use right documents stipulated by land laws, which clearly show the common boundaries of the land parcel with adjacent land parcels, and the current status of the land parcel boundaries has not changed compared to the land use right documents.

For agricultural production areas, forestry areas, salt-making areas, aquaculture areas where the land parcels have clearly defined boundaries, it is not necessary to prepare a Boundary Description and Marker Description of the Land Parcel, but after the cadastral map reflecting the current land use status is published at the People's Committee office for a minimum of ten consecutive days and widely announced to land users for verification and comparison, a Public Acknowledgment Record of the Cadastral Map Reflecting Current Land Use Status must be established according to the model specified in Appendix 14 attached to this Circular. The Public Acknowledgment Record of the Cadastral Map Reflecting Current Land Use Status has the same legal effect as the Boundary Description and Marker Description of the Land Parcel.

c) In cases where the Certificate of Land Use Right or other land use right documents stipulated by land laws contain diagrams showing the land parcel boundaries that differ from the current usage boundaries, the Boundary Description and Marker Description of the Land Parcel must reflect both the current boundaries and the boundaries shown on the documents.

d) In cases where there are ongoing disputes over land use boundaries, the Boundary Description and Marker Description of the Land Parcel must simultaneously reflect the current boundaries and the opinions of the parties involved.

Article 12. Detailed Surveying

1. Prior to conducting detailed surveying, the cadastre officers must coordinate with relevant commune land administration officials and the guide to determine the administrative boundary lines on-site based on current management practices and information from the administrative boundary files (in cases where the surveyed area involves administrative boundary lines); they must also cooperate with local authorities and request land users to present relevant documents related to the parcels of land (which may provide copies of these documents without notarization or certification) and together with neighboring land users, mark the boundaries of the parcels of land using iron nails, paint marks, concrete stakes, wooden stakes, and establish descriptions of the parcel boundaries and markers.

2. The detailed surveying of administrative boundary lines shall be conducted according to the actual boundary lines currently managed on-site with an accuracy equivalent to that of detailed survey points.

In cases where the administrative boundary line is described as lying on transportation objects, water systems, and other land-occupying objects that do not form linear-shaped parcels, the detailed surveying of both sides of such objects shall be carried out and the administrative boundary line shall be interpolated.

In cases of disputes over administrative boundary lines, the disputed boundary lines must be surveyed and depicted according to the opinions of the parties involved.

If the cadastral map has the same scale or a smaller scale than the existing numerical administrative boundary map, the administrative boundary lines can be transferred from the administrative boundary map, with verification against the actual site.

3. Surveying and depicting land use boundaries of parcels of land

3.1. The detailed surveying of land use boundaries of parcels of land shall be conducted based on the current actual usage and management status.

For cases where the land use boundaries on certificates of land use rights differ from those on-site and the certificates contain sufficient information for depiction on the map (such as coordinates of the parcel vertices, lengths of the sides...), the cadastral map must depict both the land use boundary of the parcel according to the certificate (by dashed lines) and the boundary according to the current actual usage and management status (by solid lines).

In cases where the land use boundaries on certificates of land use rights differ from those on-site, but the certificates do not contain sufficient information for depiction on the map, the cadastral map shall depict the land use boundary of the parcel according to the current actual usage and management status.

Parcels of land where the land use boundaries on certificates of land use rights differ from those on-site must be clearly depicted and explained in the Certificate of Survey Results for the Current Status of the Parcel of Land specified in Appendix 12 attached to this Circular.

The surveying unit must prepare a separate list of such cases, notify the People's Committee of the commune, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, and the Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (for parcels of land used by organizations) where the parcels are located, for handling within their jurisdiction.

3.2. When conducting detailed surveying using total station methods, the length of each side measured by a distance measuring instrument with absolute mean error of measurement not exceeding 20 mm ± 10 D mm (D is the length of the side measured in kilometers), and the azimuth angle measured by an angle measuring instrument with absolute mean error of measurement not exceeding 10 seconds._{"7. A flexible power plant is a thermal power plant using reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) or aeroderivative gas turbines (Aero-GT) with fast start-up capabilities, designed in modular form to generate electricity for balancing capacity and maintaining power system stability."}) not exceeding 20 mm ± 10^-6.D mm (D is the length of the side measured in kilometers), the azimuth angle measured by an angle measuring instrument with absolute mean error of measurement not exceeding 10 seconds.

During the detailed surveying process, at each station, control points must be arranged as inspection points with adjacent stations. The number of inspection points depends on the survey area and is not less than two points for each adjacent station. In cases where the positional error of the inspection point between two measurements from two stations does not exceed the error specified in Article 7 of this Circular, the position of the inspection point is determined by the average coordinates of the two measurements. In cases where the aforementioned error exceeds the provisions of Article 7 of this Circular, a thorough check must be conducted to identify and rectify the cause.

For areas surveyed simultaneously with different scales, the common detail points of the two scales must be determined according to the technical criteria of the larger scale map.

4. After the cadastral map is accepted by the construction unit, the surveying unit prints the Certificate of Survey Results for the Current Status of the Parcel of Land according to the model in Appendix 12 attached to this Circular and hands it over to the land user for verification and submission of an application for issuance or replacement of the Certificate of Land Use Rights or registration of changes according to regulations. In cases where errors are found in the cadastral survey results, the land user must report to the surveying unit for verification, correction, and supplementation.

The land user signs and confirms the Certificate of Survey Results for the Current Status of the Parcel of Land and returns it to the surveying unit as the basis for acceptance by the project sponsor and establishment of the cadastral file.

5. In cases where administrative units do not conduct a complete cadastral survey along administrative boundaries but only survey the necessary areas, additional maps at a smaller scale showing the un-surveyed areas and administrative boundaries must be provided.

Article 13. Inspection and Testing of Surveying Instruments

1. Surveying instruments must be inspected, tested, and calibrated before and after the survey season, during each survey period, and when any changes affecting the accuracy of the instrument are detected.

2. Records of testing must be established and submitted together with survey documents.

3. The error criteria of surveying instruments must be stated in the test records; surveying instruments may only be put into use when the specified errors and errors determined through testing meet the following standards:

- For measuring instruments for edge lengths along traverse lines, the absolute value of the mean error of length measurement shall not exceed 20 mm + 10.D (D measured in kilometers).^-6- For angle-measuring instruments along traverse lines, the absolute value of the mean error of angle measurement shall not exceed 10”.

- The 2C error shall not exceed 12”.

- The MO error shall not exceed 5”.

- The bubble level error shall not exceed 2”.

- The optical centering error shall not exceed 2 mm.

Article 14. Record Book for Surveys

When conducting cadastral network surveys, elevation network surveys, control network surveys, and detailed cadastral map surveys, complete survey information must be recorded in the record book, and a Station Logbook must be established according to the model prescribed in Appendix 10 attached to this Circular, except in cases where the instruments can record all such information. Types of record books and calculation forms for establishing other cadastral networks not specified in this Circular shall be implemented according to the models prescribed for National Coordinate System Class III and National Elevation System Class IV as stipulated in Circular No. 06/2009/TT-BTNMT dated June 18, 2009, issued by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment regarding National Technical Standards for Establishing Networks, and Decision No. 11/2008/QĐ-BTNMT dated December 18, 2009, issued by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment promulgating National Technical Standards for Establishing Elevation Systems.

Article 15. Border Adjustment and Handling of Border Adjustments

Cadastral maps must be adjusted between cadastral map fragments within the administrative unit of a commune and between fragments from different communes within the same administrative unit, if discrepancies, overlaps, or gaps occur, the surveying and mapping of the cadastral map must be rechecked to handle these issues. Discrepancies, overlaps, or gaps are not allowed under any circumstances for cadastral maps conducted within the same survey project for cadastral map preparation or within the same survey period.

The permissible error limit for border adjustments of cadastral maps is defined as follows:

- Dl: is the deviation

Where:

: is the error as specified in Article 7 of this Circular.

- m₁, m₂If Dl falls within the permissible error limit mentioned above, for cadastral maps at the same scale, the data on the newly established cadastral map should be corrected. For cadastral maps at different scales, the data on the smaller-scale cadastral map should be corrected based on the data from the larger-scale cadastral map.

For cadastral maps surveyed at different times, if discrepancies, overlaps, or gaps are found and Dl exceeds the permissible error limit mentioned above, the product produced by oneself must be rechecked and the quality of the product must be ensured. Any discrepancies, overlaps, or gaps by the construction unit must be documented in writing and reported to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment for decision-making; the construction unit is not allowed to make arbitrary corrections on their own products or on old documents for border adjustments. This document must be attached to the cadastral map.

Article 16. Compilation of Cadastral Maps

1. The map frame is presented according to the model prescribed in Appendix 1 attached to this Circular. The inner frame and grid of square coordinates are determined according to theoretical values, without any errors.

2. Cadastral maps are compiled according to the administrative unit of a commune. The scope of representation of a cadastral map fragment is limited within the standard inner frame of the map fragment.

3. Objects on the cadastral map are represented by geometric elements in the form of points, lines (straight segments, zigzag lines), areas, symbols, and annotations.

Lines on the cadastral map must be represented by continuous chains (also known as polylines, linestrings, chains, or complexchains... depending on the map compilation software), without breaks, and must have nodes at intersections between lines representing objects of the same type.

Objects requiring area calculations must be established as areas. Objects in the form of areas (excluding land parcels) that are not closed within the representation scope of a map fragment, survey area, or administrative boundary must be closed artificially according to the standard inner frame of the map fragment, survey area, or administrative boundary.

4. Land parcels that cannot be fully represented within the standard inner frame of a map fragment or cases where the inner frame is expanded to represent all content elements exceeding the standard inner frame to minimize additional map fragments at the survey area boundaries or administrative boundaries are allowed to expand the inner frame as stipulated in Clause 2, Article 5 of this Circular to compile the entire land parcel and represent all content elements exceeding the standard inner frame.

In cases where expanding the inner frame of the map still fails to fully represent a land parcel, the standard inner frame of the map fragment remains unchanged, and the part outside the frame is compiled into the adjacent map fragment; the parcel number, area, and land type are shown on the map sheet occupying the larger portion of the land parcel, while the smaller portion of the land parcel only shows the land type.

5. Geometric elements and objects on the cadastral map must be accurately determined according to the information layer index (Level) as prescribed in Appendix 19 attached to this Circular, and according to the symbols prescribed in Appendix 1 attached to this Circular.

6. Parcel labels, numbering of land parcel serial numbers, and representation of land parcels on cadastral maps

6.1. On cadastral maps, the position and attributes of land parcels are indicated by parcel labels (serial number, area, land type) and are displayed in the form of fractions using the cadastral map symbols prescribed in Appendix 1 attached to this Circular.

Additionally, when compiling cadastral maps, unused Levels of digital maps can be utilized to display other attribute factors of land parcels (owner's name, address...).

6.2. Serial numbers of land parcels are numbered sequentially from 01 to the end on a single cadastral map fragment, starting from the northernmost land parcel of the map fragment, moving from left to right, and from top to bottom in a zigzag pattern.

6.2. The parcel number is marked with Arabic numerals in sequence from 01 to the end on a single cadastral map, starting from the northernmost parcel of the map, from left to right, from top to bottom in a zigzag pattern.

For elements occupying land that do not form a plot such as traffic systems, hydrological systems enclosed within the boundaries of the survey area, administrative boundary lines, or according to the frame within the standard of the map sheet, they shall be numbered in sequence similar to plots.

In cases where new plots arise due to splitting or merging of plots, the old plot numbers shall be canceled, and the new plot numbers shall be assigned consecutively following the highest existing plot number on the map sheet, and a "Table of Plot Changes" shall be established at an appropriate location inside or outside the map frame. The content of the "Table of Plot Changes" must reflect the plot number, land type code, and area of the split or merged plots after adjustment, as well as the new plot number, land type code, and area after adjustment.

In cases where a plot is partially changed due to the expansion of traffic systems, hydrological systems, and other occupying elements that are not plots, but the plot does not completely disappear and does not result in two or more new plots, the plot number shall remain unchanged.

7. Notes and symbols

Notes must be arranged in suitable positions to ensure easy identification of the objects being noted, readability, and aesthetic appearance of the map. In cases where notes overlap with other elements, priority shall be given to displaying the correct position of the objects in the following order of precedence: point symbols, plot labels, other notes.

8. Calculation and representation of area

8.1. The unit for calculating and representing area is square meters (m²). The calculation of area shall be carried out for all plots and other occupying elements using analytical methods, rounded to 0.1 m².²When multiple region-type objects of the same kind (same type of traffic or hydrological objects...) intersect at the same level, the occupied land area shall be calculated based on the outermost land occupation boundary.².

When multiple region-type objects of different kinds (different types of traffic or hydrological objects) or of the same kind but intersecting at different levels, the area of the intersection of the vertical projections of these objects on the ground surface shall be calculated for the object directly on the ground surface.

If the difference between the total area of all occupying elements and the area of the encompassing region covering all occupying elements in a map sheet exceeds 0.2%, then the cause must be identified and overlapping or missing areas of occupying elements must be addressed.

The area and attribute information of plots and other occupying elements that do not form plots shall be displayed and compiled within the scope of each map sheet and the administrative unit at the commune level according to the forms specified in Appendices 15, 16, and 17 attached to this Circular and the Register Book as stipulated in the Land Administration Records of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

8.3. In cases where the establishment of the cadastral map does not fully enclose the administrative unit at the commune level and the surveyed area exceeds 50% of the natural area of the commune, additional maps at smaller scales must be compiled from other map materials to calculate the area of the unsurveyed portion and to display the complete administrative boundary.

9. Compilation for printing the cadastral map

9.1. The compilation for printing the cadastral map shall be carried out on copies of digital cadastral map sheets.

9.2. Compilation of administrative boundary lines when administrative boundary lines coincide or overlap with other elements

a) In cases where administrative boundary lines of different levels coincide, the highest-level administrative boundary line shall be shown.

b) In cases where administrative boundary lines coincide with linear elements represented as single lines, the administrative boundary lines shall be offset on both sides of those elements.

c) In cases where administrative boundary lines lie between double-line linear elements, the administrative boundary lines shall be placed at the center of those elements if the clearance between the administrative boundary line symbol and the lines of the element is not less than 0.2 mm on the map; otherwise, the administrative boundary lines shall be offset on both sides as in the case where administrative boundary lines coincide with single-line linear elements.

9.3. Compilation of land occupation boundary lines when land occupation boundary lines of different objects coincide

a) In cases where the boundaries between two different region-type objects coincide, the boundary line shall be compiled in the information layer with the higher layer index.

In cases where national borders and administrative boundary lines of different levels coincide, priority shall be given to compiling the boundary line in the information layer in the following order: national border, provincial administrative boundary, district administrative boundary, commune administrative boundary.

The layer index for information classification is specified in Appendix 19 attached to this Circular.

b) In cases where objects intersect at different levels, the object above shall be continuously displayed without interruption through the intersection area. The closed region boundary of the objects below shall be displayed according to the contact line of the vertical projection of that object with the vertical projection of the object above.

9.4. When compiling for printing paper maps, for traffic and hydrological linear elements with a width on the map under 0.2 mm, they shall be displayed along the centerline and annotated with the width of the element.

9.5. Compilation of notes and symbols when notes and symbols overlap with other elements

a) Notes and symbols must be arranged in suitable positions to ensure easy identification of the objects being noted, readability, and aesthetic appearance of the map. The placement of elements shall follow the order of precedence: point symbols, plot labels, other elements.

b) For small and narrow plots where plot labels cannot be presented inside the plot, the plot labels shall be presented at an appropriate location outside the plot; if it is not possible to present the plot label outside the plot, only the plot number shall be presented inside or outside the plot, while simultaneously establishing a list of small and narrow plots below the southern frame of the map sheet. When presenting plot labels or plot numbers outside the plot, an arrow pointing to the plot shall be drawn.

b) For small and narrow parcels where it is not possible to display the parcel label within the parcel, the parcel label shall be displayed at an appropriate position outside the parcel; if it is not possible to display the parcel label outside the parcel, only the parcel number shall be displayed inside or outside the parcel, while simultaneously creating a list of small and narrow parcels below the southern frame of the map. When displaying the parcel label or parcel number outside the parcel, an arrow pointing to the parcel shall be drawn.

- Parcels of land or parts of parcels that cannot be represented as areas at scale on paper cadastral maps shall be drawn out of scale and displayed in appropriate positions within or outside the map frame.

9.6. Paper cadastral maps are printed in color on drawing paper with a weight of 120g/m² or more using specialized map printing machines, with a print resolution of at least 1200 x 600 dpi, high-quality ink suitable for technical standards.² or higher, using specialized equipment to print maps, with a printing resolution of at least 1200 x 600 dpi, high-quality ink, suitable for technical standards of the machine.

10. File format of digital cadastral maps

Digital cadastral maps can be constructed using various application software, but completed cadastral map files must be converted to the *.dgn file format and must include attribute files accompanying each map section.

Article 17. Updating and Supplementing Cadastral Maps

1. Updating and supplementing the content of cadastral maps must be carried out regularly in the following cases:

1.1. Supplemental surveying and mapping of areas not yet surveyed within the current map section.

1.2. The appearance of new parcels of land and new land occupancy objects (excluding construction works and property on land).

1.3. Changes in the boundaries of parcels of land and land occupancy objects (excluding construction works and property on land).

1.4. Changes in the area of parcels of land.

1.5. Changes in the purpose of land use.

1.6. Changes in information about the legal status of parcels of land.

1.7. Changes in boundary markers and administrative boundary lines at all levels.

1.8. Changes in cadastral coordinates and national coordinates.

1.9. Changes in boundary markers and safety zones for construction works.

1.10. Changes in place names and annotations on the map.

2. Basis for deciding to update and supplement cadastral maps

2.1. Changes in parcel boundaries, areas, and purposes of land use shall be implemented in the following cases: decisions on land allocation, land leasing, recognition of land use rights, land recovery by competent authorities; decisions of People's Committees at all levels, court judgments regarding land disputes; results of issuing, updating certificates in cases of transfer, conversion, inheritance related to changes in boundaries and purposes of land use; decisions allowing changes in the purpose of land use; changes in parcel boundaries due to natural landslides or subsidence; discovery of errors in cadastral surveying by land users and land management agencies at all levels.

2.2. Boundary markers and administrative boundary lines on the map shall be updated and supplemented in cases where there are decisions to change administrative boundaries, establishment of new administrative units, completion of boundary records, and installation of boundary markers on-site.

2.3. Coordinate markers, planning markers, and safety zones for construction works on the map shall be updated and supplemented when new boundary markers are installed on-site and notified by competent state agencies.

2.4. Updates and supplements to information on place names, orientation landmarks, and other attribute information shall be decided independently by land management agencies at all levels upon discovering changes.

3. When updating changes in parcel boundaries, the representation of content and storage of update information shall be carried out as follows:

3.1. On digital cadastral maps, the old boundaries of parcels shall be deleted, and on paper cadastral maps, they shall be crossed out; the new boundaries of parcels shall be shown on the map in red (both paper and digital cadastral maps).

3.2. In the record of land changes, in addition to relevant legal documents, sufficient information about the coordinates of vertices of parcels that have changed, and the areas of related parcels before and after the update must be provided.

3.3. Contents in the Register of Land Records and related documents must be updated and supplemented synchronously with the cadastral map.

3.4. In digital cadastral map files, unused Levels shall be utilized to display update information for parcels.

4. When conducting supplementary surveys and updating cadastral maps, the following points may be used as starting points:

4.1. Coordinates from control grids, old station points, and above.

4.2. Corners of parcels of land and main construction works present on the map and still existing on-site.

5. Map sections of cadastral maps shall be edited for reprinting in the following cases:

5.1. Changes in administrative boundary lines related to the map section.

5.2. The number of parcels of land with changes due to supplementary surveys and updates on the map regarding boundaries, parcel numbers, types of land, and occupied areas exceeds 40% of the total number of parcels on the previously printed map section.

Article 18. Land Survey Extraction

1. The land survey extraction of a plot of land shall be carried out in the National Coordinate System VN-2000 or in a free coordinate system.

For areas that have established a cadastral database or have mapped a cadastral map in the National Coordinate System VN-2000, it is mandatory to conduct the land survey extraction of the plot of land in the National Coordinate System VN-2000 and to display the extracted plot on the existing cadastral map and cadastral database.

2. The scale for land survey extraction of a plot of land shall be selected based on the size of the plot and the management requirements for land.

3. When conducting a land survey extraction for issuing a Certificate of Land Use Right, a Cadastral Measurement Result Confirmation Form (as stipulated in Appendix 12 attached hereto) must be simultaneously prepared, and this form is an inseparable part of the cadastral survey extraction sheet.

4. The cadastral survey extraction sheet shall be compiled in a square or rectangular format to display the extracted plot and presented in a frame according to the model specified in Appendix 1 attached hereto.

The cadastral survey extraction sheet shall be numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals from 01 to the end within 01 year according to the administrative unit's territory at the commune level.

5. The implementation of cadastral survey extraction and presentation of the plot in the cadastral survey extraction sheet shall be conducted as if the object were a plot of land on the cadastral map as prescribed in this Circular.

In cases where the cadastral survey extraction of a plot of land is performed manually using a free coordinate system, the permissible relative positional error between any two points on the boundary of the plot shall be defined, and this error may be increased by 1.5 times the limit specified in Clause 5, Article 7 of this Circular.

6. The completed digital cadastral survey extraction sheet file format must be converted to the *.dgn file format and must include an attribute file.

The paper cadastral survey extraction sheet shall be printed on paper sizes ranging from A4 to A0 depending on the size of the extracted plot and the scale of the cadastral survey extraction to fully display the extracted plot and provide sufficient space for the frame layout as prescribed. The printed paper must have a weight of 120g/m².² or higher, using specialized equipment to print maps, with a printing resolution of at least 1200 x 600 dpi, high-quality ink, suitable for technical standards of the machine.

7. When conducting a cadastral survey extraction of two or more plots of land at the same time and these can be displayed within the same cadastral survey extraction sheet, they must be shown within that single sheet.

8. When the land user hires a surveying unit with a surveying and mapping license (not the Land Registration Office) to perform a cadastral survey extraction for issuing a Certificate of Land Use Right in an area that already has a cadastral map or a cadastral database, the Cadastral Measurement Result Confirmation Form must detail the coordinates of all vertices of the plot and must be signed, clearly stating the full name and stamped with the confirmation seal of the surveying unit to serve as the basis for updating, amending, managing the cadastral records, and the database.

Article 19. Symbols of Cadastral Maps

1. The symbols of cadastral maps are defined in Appendix 1 attached hereto and are used uniformly for cadastral maps at scales of 1:200; 1:500; 1:1000; 1:2000; 1:5000; 1:10,000 and for cadastral survey extractions. Special cases applicable only to a specific type of map or scale will have separate provisions in the symbols and their explanations.

2. Symbols are divided into three types:

2.1. Proportional drawing symbols: drawn according to the shape and size of the geographic feature scaled to the map.

2.2. Semi-proportional drawing symbols: one dimension of the symbol is proportional to the actual size of the geographic feature, while the other dimension represents a convention not scaled to the map.

2.3. Non-proportional drawing symbols are conventional symbols not drawn to the exact scale of the geographic feature's size. These symbols are used when the geographic feature cannot be drawn to scale on the map or when additional conventional symbols need to be placed in designated positions to enhance readability and orientation of the map.

3. The center of non-proportional symbols shall coincide with the center of the mapped object.

3.1. For geometric-shaped symbols such as circles, squares, triangles, rectangles... the center of the geometric shape is the center of the symbol.

3.2. For figurative symbols with a circular base such as schools, substations... the center of the circle is the center of the symbol.

3.3. For figurative symbols with a linear base such as pagodas, towers, fountains... the midpoint of the base line is the center of the symbol.

4. Notes include identifying notes showing place names and names of mapped objects, and explanatory notes showing attribute information of geographic features.

4.1. Notes shall be expressed in Vietnamese; ethnic minority place names must be transliterated into Vietnamese.

4.2. Only symbols and fonts designed in the approved symbol source set by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment may be used.

4.3. Notes shall be arranged parallel to the southern frame of the map sheet, except for notes of linear geographic features and narrow plots which shall be arranged along the direction of the geographic feature, with note heads pointing towards the northern frame.

5. When representing construction works with symbolic signs and notes, if the object is completely within the plot boundary, full information about the plot containing the object must be provided.

Construction works with small and narrow dimensions in densely populated small plots, if represented, may cause difficulty in reading and cluttering the map content, thus only some historically, culturally significant and orientation-relevant constructions may be selectively represented.

6. Small mapped objects with high orientation significance that cannot be noted inside the object shall be noted outside and an arrow pointing to the object shall be added.

Chapter III

MANAGEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF CADAstral MAPS

Article 20. Preparation of Technical Design - Budget Estimate for Land Surveying and Mapping of Cadastre Maps

1. When conducting land surveying and mapping to establish cadastre maps, a technical design - budget estimate must be prepared, reviewed, and approved in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on project and construction management in the field of land administration.

Technical designs - budget estimates for land surveying and mapping to serve the preparation of land records, issuance of certificates of land use rights, ownership of houses and other assets attached to land, after being approved by the competent authority, must be submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Land Management General Department) along with the Approval Decision for inspection of implementation and monitoring.

2. A survey report must be prepared based on the results of surveys, collection, analysis, and evaluation of relevant materials and documents before preparing the technical design - budget estimate.

3. When preparing the technical design - budget estimate, if applying technical standards different from those stipulated in this Circular, a report must be submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, which must approve it in writing before construction can commence.

4. The technical design - budget estimate includes the following main contents:

4.1. The necessity of land surveying and mapping to establish cadastre maps;

4.2. Legal basis;

4.3. Objectives, requirements, scope of tasks, volume of work;

4.4. Natural, economic, social conditions, current land use status of the locality where the project and construction for land surveying and mapping of cadastre maps will be carried out;

4.5. Current situation of land surveying and mapping to establish cadastre maps in the locality; current status and capacity to utilize surveying and mapping materials, cadastre maps, topographic maps, administrative boundary maps, aerial photographs, and other types of materials and maps;

4.6. Current status of human resources, technical equipment, and capacity to implement projects and constructions for land surveying and mapping to establish cadastre maps of units under local land management agencies;

4.7. Design and technical solutions;

4.8. Implementation organization;

4.9. Budget estimate;

4.10. Feasibility assessment and risks of implementing the project and construction.

5. In cases of individual parcel land surveying and mapping, there is no need to prepare a technical design - budget estimate, but a construction plan must be prepared and approved by the Project Owner's agency.

The main contents of the construction plan include:

5.1. Legal basis (if applicable);

5.2. Summary of objectives, requirements, scope of tasks, volume of work;

5.3. Summary of technical solutions and implementation organization;

5.4. Implementation costs.

In cases of individual parcel land surveying and mapping according to the needs of land users without using state budget funds, there is no need to prepare a construction plan, but it should be carried out according to service contracts.

Article 21. Provisions on Supervision, Inspection, Acceptance, and Confirmation

1. Each stage and product of land surveying and mapping to establish cadastre maps must be supervised, inspected, and accepted regarding the quality of products and the volume of work completed.

2. Supervision, inspection, and acceptance shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on supervision, inspection, review, and acceptance of products for land surveying and mapping to establish cadastre maps.

The basis for supervision, inspection, and acceptance is the provisions of this Circular and within the technical design - budget estimate of the project, technical documents of the survey area that have been approved by the competent authority.

4. The content of supervision and inspection includes:

4.1. Human resources, surveying machinery and equipment used in construction.

4.2. Compliance with procedures and progress of implementation.

4.3. Quality and volume of product stages of the project, completion of the project, and submission of products.

5. Detailed content and degree of supervision and inspection are regulated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

6. Confirmation of cadastre maps

After the project owner accepts the cadastre map before its use, the construction unit must sign to confirm the product; the inspection agency must sign to confirm the product quality (in cases where the Project Owner is the Department of Natural Resources and Environment conducting self-inspection of product quality, only the name of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment is recorded at the inspection agency position); the People's Committee of the commune must sign to confirm the surveying consistent with the current land management and use status; the Project Owner must sign to confirm the product and the Department of Natural Resources and Environment must sign to confirm the product meets the conditions for use outside the map frame according to the model specified in Appendix No. 1 attached to this Circular.

If the Department of Natural Resources and Environment is not the agency organizing the acceptance of cadastre map products, it must organize the review of the acceptance dossier, quality, and volume of products of land surveying and mapping to establish cadastre maps before confirming the product meets the conditions for use.

7. Confirmation of individual parcel land surveying and mapping

7.1. In cases of individual parcel land surveying and mapping serving the issuance of Certificates

The individual parcel land surveying and mapping must be signed by the surveying unit to confirm the product; the People's Committee of the commune must sign to confirm the surveying consistent with the current land use status; the Registration Office of Land Use Rights with the authority to issue certificates must sign to confirm the product quality has been checked; the Department of Natural Resources and Environment must sign to confirm the product meets the conditions for use outside the map frame according to the model specified in Appendix No. 1 attached to this Circular.

In cases of individual parcel land surveying and mapping serving the issuance of Certificates for households and individuals, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment may authorize the signing of confirmation of the product meeting the conditions for use to the Land Management Division, specialized departments under the Department, or the District Department of Natural Resources and Environment.

In cases where the Registration Office of Land Use Rights is also the surveying unit, only the name of the Registration Office of Land Use Rights is recorded at the inspection agency position.

7.2. In cases of individual parcel land surveying and mapping serving compensation, land clearance, land recovery, land auction, and other land management purposes

It shall be implemented as stipulated in Clause 6 of this Article to serve the update, correction, and management of land record files.

Article 22. Packaging and Submission of Products

After inspection and acceptance, cadastral maps and related documents must be fully certified according to the prescribed forms and packaged and submitted (one set in paper and digital form) as required for transfer to the new issuance or replacement of the Certificate of Land Use Right; registration of land use changes and statistics on land area.

1. Packaging

The products must be packaged into boxes, pairs, bags, or bound into sets with notes and an index for reference, and must be subject to a final check before submission.

2. Submission of Products

The entities responsible for submitting and receiving products include: the construction unit submitting the products to the project sponsor; the project sponsor submitting the products to state management agencies for management and use as follows:

2.1. People's Committee at the Commune Level

a) Agreement Record for land use for setting boundary markers and constructing protective walls around cadastral boundary markers; Note of cadastral coordinate points; Handover Record of cadastral coordinate markers; Notice regarding the setting of boundary markers and construction of protective walls around cadastral boundary points on land managed by the People's Committee at the commune level: one set;

b) Cadastral map in paper and digital form: one set;

c) Register of cadastral items in paper and digital form: one set;

d) Description of land boundaries and boundary markers: one set;

đ) Confirmation Record showing administrative boundaries: one set;

e) Confirmation Record of publicizing the cadastral map reflecting current land use status: one set;

g) Table of natural area statistics: one set;

h) Summary table of plot numbers, areas, number of land users, and managers within the administrative unit based on the current cadastral map survey: one set;

i) Table of land area statistics based on the current cadastral map survey: one set;

k) Handover Record of results from the cadastral map survey: one set.

2.2. Department of Natural Resources and Environment at the District Level

a) Note of cadastral coordinate points; Handover Record of cadastral coordinate markers, Grid Coordinate Table, Control Grid Survey Table: one set;

b) Cadastral map in paper and digital form: one set;

c) Register of cadastral items in paper and digital form: one set;

d) Confirmation Form of the current plot land survey results: one set;

đ) Confirmation Record showing administrative boundaries: one set;

e) Confirmation Record of publicizing the cadastral map reflecting current land use status: one set;

g) Table of natural area statistics: one set;

h) Summary table of plot numbers, areas, number of land users, and managers within the administrative unit based on the current cadastral map survey: one set;

i) Table of land area statistics based on the current cadastral map survey: one set;

k) Handover Record of results from the cadastral map survey: one set.

2.3. Department of Natural Resources and Environment

a) Cadastral grid diagram, survey grid diagram after construction on the basis of topographic map in paper and digital form: one set;

b) Agreement Record for land use for setting boundary markers and constructing protective walls around cadastral boundary markers; Note of cadastral coordinate points; Handover Record of cadastral coordinate markers; Notice regarding the setting of boundary markers and construction of protective walls around cadastral boundary points on land managed by the People's Committee at the commune level: one set;

c) Various survey books and other related documents (if any);

d) Documentation for checking and testing survey equipment: one set;

đ) Documentation for calculating and adjusting the cadastral grid and control survey grid: one set;

e) Cadastral map in paper and digital form: one set;

g) Register of cadastral items in paper and digital form: one set;

h) Confirmation Record showing administrative boundaries: one set;

i) Confirmation Record of publicizing the cadastral map reflecting current land use status: one set;

k) Table of natural area statistics: one set;

l) Summary table of plot numbers, areas, number of land users, and managers within the administrative unit based on the current cadastral map survey: one set;

m) Table of land area statistics based on the current cadastral map survey: one set;

n) Confirmation Form of the current plot land survey results: one set;

o) Handover Record of results from the cadastral map survey: one set;

p) Supervision, inspection, and acceptance file: one set.

2.4. State Land Management General Department

- Technical design and project budget and Decision approving it: one set in paper form, one set in digital form;

- Digital cadastral map and map showing closed administrative boundaries at the commune level (when not surveying the closed administrative unit at the commune level): one set;

- Acceptance Record and Quality and Quantity Confirmation Record of completed works in paper form: one set.

3. In addition to the quantity of products and acceptance files submitted according to Clause 2 of this Article, the project sponsor shall determine the quantity of products and acceptance files according to project and cadastral map establishment management regulations and must be clearly stated in the technical design and project budget.

Chapter IV

IMPLEMENTING PROVISIONS

Article 23. Effectiveness of Implementation

1. This Circular takes effect from February 14, 2014.

2. This Circular replaces the following documents: Decision No. 08/2008/QĐ-BTNMT dated November 10, 2008 issued by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment on the regulation for establishing cadastral maps at scales of 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, and 1:10,000; Circular No. 21/2011/TT-BTNMT dated June 20, 2011 issued by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment amending and supplementing certain contents of the regulation for establishing cadastral maps at scales of 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, and 1:10,000 issued together with Decision No. 08/2008/QĐ-BTNMT dated November 10, 2008 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment; Decision No. 719/1999/QĐ-ĐC dated December 30, 1999 issued by the Director of the State Land Administration on the issuance of cadastral map symbols at scales of 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, and 1:5000.

Article 24. Implementation Organization

1. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, agencies under the Government; People's Committees of provinces and centrally governed cities, and related organizations and individuals are responsible for implementing this Circular.

2. The General Department of Land Administration shall be responsible for inspecting the implementation of this Circular.

3. The Department of Natural Resources and Environment shall assist the People's Committees of provinces and centrally-administered cities in implementing this Circular at the local level./.