Law on the Capital No. 02/2026/QH16

 

LAW

CAPITAL CITY

Based on the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, amended and supplemented by Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15, the National Assembly promulgates this Capital City Law.;

Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of Application

This Law stipulates the position, role, and mechanisms, policies, authority, and responsibilities for planning, development, and protection of the capital city.

Article 2. Position, Role, and Symbol of the Capital City

1. The capital city of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is Hanoi.

2. The capital city is the national political and administrative center, housing the headquarters of central Party, State, and social organization bodies, diplomatic missions, international organizations; it is also a major economic, cultural, scientific, technological, innovation, digital transformation, education, training, healthcare, and international integration hub.

3. The symbol of the capital city is the image of the Kue Van Cac at the Temple of Literature - Quoc Tu Giam.

Article 3. Interpretation of Terms

In this Law, the following terms are understood as follows:

1. Central urban area refers to the urban zone performing primary functions of the capital city, including the historical inner city and adjacent areas defined in the Master Plan of the Capital City.

2. Historical inner city is the area preserving the Thang Long - Hanoi cultural heritage and traditional values of Hanoians as defined in the Master Plan of the Capital City.

3. Greater Capital Area includes the city of Hanoi (hereinafter referred to as the City) and provincial administrative units with contiguous territorial boundaries adjacent to the City, for economic and social development purposes.

4. Major projects include:

a) Public investment projects in accordance with laws on public investment, PPP projects using local government funds or other legal sources of funding, urgent public investment projects as directed by the Politburo, Central Committee Secretariat, Government Party Leadership, and the Communist Party of Vietnam City Committee;

b) Public investment projects, PPP projects using local government funds or other legal sources of funding in the City and Greater Capital Area meeting national major project classification criteria under laws on public investment;

c) Projects invested by strategic investors.

5. Low and high space refers to the land surface and water space within the administrative boundaries of the City, with defined scope, boundaries, and height as per the Capital City Master Plan, used for economic and social development, scientific and technological activities, transportation, urban management, while ensuring national defense, security, public order, and social safety.

6. TOD area includes railway stations, depots, and adjacent areas defined in relevant master or detailed plans for constructing railways combined with urban renovation and upgrading, and urban development investment.

Article 4. Principles of Delegation and Implementation of Delegated Tasks and Authorities

1. Ensuring compliance with the Constitution and not conflicting with international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a party.

2. Full and comprehensive delegation, clearly defining the authority of the People's Council, People's Committee, and Chairman of the People's Committee of the City; based on practical circumstances, the People's Council, People's Committee, and Chairman of the People's Committee of the City delegate tasks or authorities continuously and frequently to agencies, organizations, and individuals as per legal provisions, except where laws prohibit delegation. Delegation must not harm national defense, security, foreign affairs, ethnic, religious matters, and other fields directly related to national sovereignty.

In addition to the tasks and authorities specified in this Law, People's Councils, People's Committees, and Chairmen of the People's Committees at all levels of the City also implement other tasks and authorities as per relevant legal provisions.
3. Ensuring human rights, fundamental rights of citizens, social justice, sustainable development, preservation of the capital city's identity and cultural values; avoiding adverse effects on macroeconomic stability, national financial security; respecting market laws.

4. Ensuring the effective operation of a unified, smooth, efficient national administrative system; ensuring transparency, accountability, and effective implementation of power control, anti-corruption, waste prevention, and negative behavior prevention linked with the authority's inspection, audit, and supervision mechanisms; establishing mechanisms for monitoring, evaluation, and timely adjustment of delegated content when agencies, organizations, or individuals fail to effectively implement assigned tasks and authorities.

4. Ensuring the uniform, smooth, and effective operation of the national administrative system; ensuring transparency, openness, accountability, and effectively implementing the control of power, prevention and combating corruption, waste, and negative phenomena linked with the responsibility of inspection, audit, and supervision by competent authorities; establishing a mechanism for monitoring, evaluating, inspecting, and promptly adjusting the content of delegation when the authority, organization, or individual who has been delegated fails to perform effectively the tasks and powers assigned.

Article 5. Application of Law

1. In case there are different provisions between the Capital City Law and other laws or resolutions of the National Assembly on the same issue, the provisions of the Capital City Law shall apply, except as provided in paragraph 3 of this article.

2. Regulatory documents that provide detailed measures and specific methods for organizing, guiding, and implementing the Capital City Law, including documents issued to exercise powers delegated by the Capital City Law (hereinafter referred to as implementation documents of the Capital City Law), shall apply when there are multiple regulatory documents with different provisions on the same issue.

3. In case a regulatory document issued by a central state agency, including those that specify mechanisms and policies applicable to other entities or regions, after the promulgation of the Capital City Law, provides preferential or more favorable mechanisms and policies than those stipulated in the Capital City Law, the application thereof shall be decided by the People's Council of the Municipality.

Chapter II ORGANIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT, OFFICIAL BUSINESS REGIME AND ISSUANCE OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS

Article 6. Administrative Units of the Municipality

1. Administrative units of the Municipality include communes, wards, and special economic administrative units.

2. Special economic administrative units in the Municipality are established by the National Assembly to perform functional urban roles as per the Master Plan of the Capital City; they are organized according to a unique model, apply superior mechanisms and policies, implement new local governance policies, attract investment, and enhance the competitiveness of the Capital City.

Article 7. Organizational Structure and Official Business Regime

1. The People's Council of the Municipality has the authority to:

a) Determine the proportion of full-time members of the People's Council; the number, functions, tasks, and authorities of the committees of the People's Council of the Municipality and the People's Council at the commune level; and the number and criteria for determining the number of members of the People's Council at the commune level;

b) Decide on the number and composition of members of the People's Committee of the Municipality; determine the number and composition of members of the People's Committees at the commune level;

c) Determine the establishment, organization, and operation of villages and residential communities in line with the degree of urbanization and practical economic-social development conditions of the Capital City;

d) Determine the number of specialized agencies, administrative organizations to be established, reorganized, or dissolved within the scope of management of the Municipality; decide on changes in the names and adjustment of functions of specialized agencies and administrative organizations under the scope of management of the Municipality;

d) Determine the establishment, reorganization, dissolution, self-governance mechanisms regarding organizational structure, staffing, and financial matters for public institutions within the scope of management of the Municipality; and implement their tasks;

e) Determine income policies for civil servants, administrative staff, and employees receiving salaries from the municipal budget (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Budget); use the Municipal Budget and other legal sources of finance to implement such policies;

g) Determine job positions for civil servants and administrative staff within the scope of management of the Municipality;

h) Decide on staffing levels for agencies in the municipal government system;

i) Determine the management and use of civil servants and administrative staff according to the principle that heads of departments or units directly using such personnel are responsible for recruitment, evaluation;

k) Determine the hiring, recruitment, and appointment of heads of public institutions and state-owned enterprises under the scope of management of the Municipality.

2. The People's Committee of the Municipality has the authority to:

a) Determine policies and measures for implementing digital government and e-government;

b) Determine mechanisms and measures to promote grassroots democracy, mobilize public participation in local governance; mechanisms for task contracting and other mechanisms to leverage self-governance roles of villages and residential communities.

3. The Chairman of the People's Committee of the Municipality has the authority to establish, reorganize, or dissolve public institutions under the scope of management of the Municipality in accordance with the provisions of the People's Council of the Municipality.

Article 8. Drafting and Issuing Regulatory Documents

1. The implementation regulation of the Capital City Law as provided in Clause 2, Article 5 of this Law is different from regulatory documents issued by central state agencies.

2. When performing their duties and powers according to legal provisions, the People's Council, People's Committee, and Chairman of the People's Committee of the City may issue regulatory documents for:

a) Adjusting procedures, formalities, and authority in handling administrative procedures as currently provided by central state agencies' regulations to fulfill the duties and powers of city organs and organizations, ensuring requirements for administrative reform, facilitating individuals and organizations towards simplifying administrative procedures, promoting science and technology, innovation, and digital transformation in handling administrative procedures without adding more application materials, increasing additional requirements, or extending processing times;

b) Specifying special measures that are suitable with the development needs of the Capital City to organize and guide the implementation of laws and resolutions of the National Assembly where there are differences or no provisions from the Government, Prime Minister, Ministries, and other agencies.

3. The issuance of regulatory documents as provided in Clause 1 and Point b of this Article shall be carried out according to the following regulations:

a) Evaluating the necessity, balance, and reasonableness of issuing such documents that differ from central state agencies' regulations or where there are no provisions from the Government, Prime Minister, Ministries, and other agencies; clearly defining the objectives and expected outcomes when issuing the document, mechanisms for inspection, supervision, and accountability;

b) Evaluating the compatibility of the document with the provisions of Article 4 of this Law;

c) Assessing the impact of policies in the draft document;

d) Seeking comments on the draft document from central state agencies' competent authorities, relevant organs, organizations, directly affected individuals and organizations, disseminating content, publishing the draft document and its contents, and addressing feedback from organizations, individuals, and entities regarding the draft document;

d) Adhering to procedures and formalities as provided by legal provisions for issuing regulatory documents. Not applying expedited procedures except in cases of suspending or abolishing a document.

4. The People's Council of the City shall specify the determination of authority to issue regulatory documents as provided in Clause 2 of this Article and provide detailed regulations on Clause 3 of this Article.

5. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate the issuance of a resolution containing regulatory provisions for deciding on the application of laws as specified in Paragraph 3, Article 5 of this Law. The content of the resolution selecting applicable law must clearly specify the provisions of the selected regulatory document, scope, subjects to be applied, effective date, and transitional provisions (if any).

Article 9. Pilot Mechanisms and Policies

1. The City may decide on pilot mechanisms and policies that differ from laws or resolutions of the National Assembly or for issues not covered by existing laws to apply in Hanoi.
No pilot mechanisms or policies shall be implemented in national defense, security, foreign affairs, religion, or other areas directly related to national sovereignty according to legal provisions.

2. The implementation of pilot mechanisms and policies must ensure the following principles:

a) Consistent with the Constitution; not contrary to international treaties that Vietnam is a party to;

b) Not limiting human rights, fundamental rights of citizens, lawful rights and interests of organizations and individuals; ensuring an equal investment and business environment, fair competition; ensuring transparency and openness;

c) Not harming national defense, security, foreign affairs; maintaining social order and safety;

d) Not causing negative impacts on community health, social morals, customs, traditions; not affecting the nation's unity policy or religious policies of the State;

d) The duration of the pilot shall not exceed five years and may be extended for up to five years.

3. The scope of the pilot mechanisms and policies includes:

a) New organizational models of city-level administrative bodies, advanced governance models; civil service systems;

b) New economic models based on science, technology, innovation, digital transformation, education, training, culture, healthcare, and health care;

c) Ecological agriculture, high-tech agriculture, urban agriculture;

d) Urban and rural management, spatial planning, sustainable development;

d) Methods for effectively exploiting, mobilizing, allocating, and using resources to develop and manage the Capital City;

e) Solutions to address issues severely affecting the quality of life or economic-social development of the Capital City;

g) Other mechanisms and policies as directed by competent authorities.

4. Based on approval from competent authorities, the People's Council of the City shall issue a resolution for pilot mechanisms and policies, clearly defining objectives, scope, subjects, content, time frame, space, and area of the pilot; anticipated outcomes and impacts of the pilot; rights, obligations, and responsibilities of relevant organs, organizations, and individuals; risk management measures; control, supervision, evaluation mechanisms; conditions, procedures for adjusting, extending, or concluding the pilot.

5. The People's Committee of the City shall:

a) Submit to the People's Council of the City for issuance of a resolution on pilot mechanisms and policies.
In cases where the proposed pilot mechanism or policy affects the Greater Capital Region, the People's Committee of the City must evaluate its socio-economic impacts at both regional and national levels, seek opinions from relevant provincial people's committees before submitting to the People's Council of the City for consideration and decision;

b) Organize implementation of the resolution on pilot mechanisms and policies; ensuring coordination among relevant organs, organizations, and individuals.

c) Processing or recommending the handling of issues arising during implementation; temporarily suspending the pilot program and reporting to the People's Council of the City for examination and decision-making in cases where the pilot program has a negative impact exceeding the level forecasted;

d) Reporting periodic evaluations annually or as requested by the People's Council of the City and competent authorities on the status, results of implementation of the pilot program;

đ) Organizing an evaluation of the results of the pilot program, determining the extent to which objectives have been achieved, effectiveness, impact on the development of the Capital City and its surrounding areas; recommending decisions by the People's Council of the City regarding the extension or termination of the pilot program;

e) Submitting or recommending competent authorities to amend, supplement, or issue new regulatory documents for formal implementation.

6. The preparation and issuance of a resolution on the pilot mechanism and policy shall be in accordance with the provisions set forth in Clause 3 and Clause 4 of Article 8 of this Law.

Chapter III PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION AND ORDER, SAFETY IN THE CAPITAL CITY

Article 10 Capital City Planning

1. Within the territory of the City, only one overall Capital City Plan shall be established based on the specificization of national-level planning, regional planning contents, and integration, overlaying, and replacement of the previous Capital City Plan and Master Plan for the Capital City. The overall Capital City Plan has legal force equivalent to provincial plans and master city plans as provided by law.

2. The overall Capital City Plan may only be adjusted in cases serving national interests, significant public interest, defense and security requirements; when there are significant changes in natural conditions, economic and social factors or to implement the requirements of the Party Committee of the City.

3. The People's Council of the City has authority to:

a) Specify content, composition of application documents, cost standards, procedures, and processes for preparing, reviewing, approving the overall Capital City Plan, as well as approving adjustments to the overall Capital City Plan.
The overall Capital City Plan and its adjustment must seek input from the Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, community residents, relevant agencies, organizations, and individuals before approval;

b) Specify types of planning, urban and rural planning activities, architectural activities.

4. The People's Committee of the City has authority to decide on a list, timeline, measures for relocating industrial facilities, administrative offices, and service institution premises in the central city area and other areas not conforming with the overall Capital City Plan and urban and rural plans of the City, except for administrative office premises of Party organs, state organs, and Vietnam Fatherland Front organizations at the central level.

5. The Chairman of the People's Committee of the City has authority to:

a) Approve and approve adjustments to the overall Capital City Plan after it is approved by the People's Council of the City;

b) Organize inventory of cultural heritage for structures, construction items before relocating industrial facilities, administrative offices, and service institution premises as specified in paragraph 4.

Article 11 Management, Utilization, Use of Subterranean Space, Low-Altitude Space, High-Altitude Space

1. The management, utilization, and use of subterranean space, low-altitude space, high-altitude space must comply with the following principles:

a) Ensuring compatibility with natural conditions, meteorological factors, geological, topographical, hydrological conditions; ensuring safety during use and after cessation of use;

b) Complying with the overall Capital City Plan;

c) Safeguarding national defense and security; prioritizing dual-use projects that can be readily converted for national defense and security needs; preserving cultural space and environmental landscape, historical-cultural sites, scenic spots;

d) Ensuring coordinated connections between various structures;

đ) Encouraging and facilitating investment in projects utilizing subterranean space, low-altitude space, high-altitude space.

2. Subterranean space, low-altitude space, high-altitude space must be planned and zoned for functional management, utilization, and use.

3. The People's Council of the City shall specify:

a) Procedures for preparing, reviewing, approving, adjusting subterranean space, low-altitude space, high-altitude space planning after obtaining consensus from the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Construction and consulting with other relevant Ministries;

b) Depth limits within the ground that land users in the City may utilize consistent with the plan without paying for subterranean space use;

c) Use of ground beyond the depth limit specified at point b above and payment, exemption, or reduction of fees for subterranean space use;

d) Policies to encourage investment, development of underground structures, utilization of low-altitude space, high-altitude space;

đ) Revenue from the utilization of subterranean space, low-altitude space, and high-altitude space.

4. The People's Committee of the City shall specify measures for managing, utilizing, and using subterranean space, low-altitude space, high-altitude space; managing infrastructure, technology, and operational means in subterranean space, low-altitude space, and high-altitude space.

Article 12. Urban Development and Housing

1. The investment in the construction, renovation, upgrading, and reconstruction of urban areas and housing development within the Municipality shall ensure the following principles:

a) Construction of smart cities, multifunctional cities, multi-objective cities, social housing areas according to modern, convenient, coordinated standards with the construction of urban infrastructure and social infrastructure;

b) Compliance with urban planning, architectural management regulations, town planning design; ensuring construction standards, fire safety standards;

c) Protection of cultural, historical, natural heritage, architecture, landscape; protection and development of green spaces, water bodies;

d) Balancing the interests of citizens, the State, enterprises; prioritizing in-situ resettlement; enhancing urban amenities, improving living conditions and livelihoods for residents in the areas being renovated or upgraded;

d) Prioritization and support for organizations and communities to propose and implement renovation, upgrading, reconstruction projects.

2. The People's Council of the Municipality shall stipulate:

a) Policies, measures, criteria, conditions for implementing urban renovation, upgrade, and reconstruction projects within the Municipality;

b) Urban development policies in the TOD (Transit-Oriented Development) area according to the compact city model consistent with the planning;

c) Architectural planning indicators, technical infrastructure, social infrastructure requirements, spatial and land use standards for the TOD area different from national construction planning regulations based on the coordinated exploitation of underground space and low-level space but ensuring technical and social infrastructure standards, connectivity; prioritizing ground space for public spaces, greenery, and urban living quality;

d) Revenue sources for additional floor area ratio of residential projects due to increased land use intensity and planning indicators, revenue from value-added land exploitation, revenue from exploiting local railway assets, infrastructure improvement fees, public transportation connection fees, and other revenues for developing the local rail system and coordinated infrastructure connectivity in the TOD area;

d) Mechanisms and policies on investment, development, and support for housing within the Municipality; preferential treatment and support for social housing, government housing, resettlement housing, temporary accommodation, and other types of housing;

e) Use of municipal budget to invest in essential technical and social infrastructure serving residential projects as per the planning.

3. The People's Committee of the Municipality has authority to:

a) Specify procedures and formalities for implementing urban renovation, upgrade, and reconstruction projects;

b) Decide on measures for compulsory relocation in support of urban renovation, upgrade, and reconstruction projects; decide project lists and implementation timelines;

c) Decide on the conversion between commercial residential units, social housing, resettlement housing types within the Municipality to use flexibly, meeting residents' actual needs;

d) Decide measures for creating, managing, exploiting housing serving social security objectives and the development of the Capital City.

Article 13. Development of Transportation Infrastructure, Logistics, and Environmental Protection

1. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate:

a) Investment policies and mobilization of resources for investment in construction, development, maintenance, and preservation of technical infrastructure, traffic safety engineering works, anti-traffic congestion projects, and public utility underground works within the territory of the City;

b) Policies for transportation development; encouraging and prioritizing large-capacity public passenger transport systems, investing in and operating urban rail transit, buses, stations, bus terminals, multi-functional parking lots, utilizing underground space, low-space transportation; limiting private vehicles in central areas to reduce traffic congestion and emissions; applying congestion reduction fees;

c) Investment policies for the development of ring roads, logistics centers, public transport systems within the territory of the City and their connection with other regions for regional development integration with the capital city;

d) Policies encouraging the application of high technology in managing and operating transportation systems;

d) Policies for managing, utilizing local roadways and railways, ensuring traffic order, safety, and urban civility;

e) Low-emission zones to limit vehicles; measures applied in low-emission zones according to a suitable schedule;

g) Investment policies for developing transportation infrastructure using clean energy and non-motorized transport; supporting the transition from fossil fuels to clean energy; measures limiting the use of polluting vehicles;

h) Policies and measures to support relocation of production facilities in residential areas, industries not encouraged in rural artisanal villages;

i) Policies and measures to reduce plastic waste in production, business, service, and daily activities within the territory of the City; regulations on supporting, incentivizing activities related to recycling waste using best available technologies, solid waste management along the generation - collection - transportation - treatment chain;

k) Policies for promoting circular economy models in industrial and environmental services sectors.

2. The People's Committee of the City shall stipulate:

a) Criteria for eco-industrial zones within the territory of the City and the roadmap, mechanisms, and policies to support the transformation of existing industrial clusters into eco-industrial zones;

b) Organization of environmental impact assessment review, approval, and issuance of environmental permits for investment projects, production facilities, businesses, services approved or initiated by relevant authorities in the City.

Article 14. Ensuring Capital Security

1. Administrative penalties on the territory of the City shall be applied according to the following provisions:

a) The People's Council of the City may stipulate penalty officer positions and administrative penalty authority different from those prescribed by laws on administrative violations; investment in resources to ensure centralized, unified, and effective management of food safety and urban order;

b) The People's Council of the City shall stipulate higher but not more than twice the standard administrative fine levels for violations within the territory of the City, corresponding to the administrative penalty authority set by the Government for similar violations in cultural, advertising, land, construction, fire protection, food safety, road traffic, environmental protection, security, public order, and social safety sectors.

2. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate measures to suspend electricity and water services for projects and production facilities to ensure security, order, and social safety in the territory of the City under the following circumstances:

a) Construction works that violate urban planning or lack construction permits where such permits are required; construction works that deviate from approved design plans when no permit is needed;

b) Construction on land illegally occupied as per land law provisions;

c) Construction projects requiring fire safety review or design approval but commenced without obtaining the necessary certification or documents from the relevant authority;

d) Construction works that do not comply with approved or reviewed fire safety designs;

d) Projects, construction sections, or facilities put into operation without a fire safety inspection certificate issued by the relevant authority;

e) Entertainment venues and karaoke services failing to meet fire safety conditions;

g) Production, business operations, or construction projects violating environmental protection laws without stopping illegal activities or implementing decisions from competent authorities to cease operations or rectify damages;

h) Projects that must be demolished with urgent relocation orders issued by the relevant authority.

3. Service providers of electricity and water shall immediately cease service upon receiving a request from an authorized person as per paragraph 5, ensuring the correct scope, target, and duration. The right to suspend electricity and water services in cases stipulated in paragraph 2 must be communicated to users and reflected in the service contract.

4. The People's Council of the City shall prescribe special measures for ensuring public order and social safety, environmental protection, and urgent administrative measures appropriate to the requirements of protecting the capital city, enhancing urban management effectiveness, and balancing the need to maintain security and public order with the protection of the lawful rights and interests of organizations and individuals.

5. The Chairman of the People's Committee of the City and the Chairman of the People's Committees at District Level shall decide on the application of measures prescribed in Clause 2 and Clause 4 hereof.

Chapter IV CULTURAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Article 15 Development of Culture, Sports, and Tourism

1. The People's Council of the City shall prescribe:

a) Policies to encourage socialization of resources and utilization of state budget for protecting and developing cultural and sports heritage of the capital city; support for individuals and organizations in renovating and preserving areas with historical and cultural values;

b) Conditions, procedures for granting and revoking honorary titles of Capital Citizen and Outstanding Capital Citizen to honor individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the construction, development, and defense of the capital city;

c) Organization, activities, management mechanisms, preferential policies, and support measures for developing commercial and cultural zones, industrial cultural centers, and other types of cultural organizations and facilities;

d) Preferential policies and support measures for individuals engaged in cultural, artistic fields, artisans, bearers of intangible cultural heritage, athletes, coaches;

d) Management and exploitation mechanisms for advertising activities.

2. Based on the factors constituting the heritage and its value within the City's territory, the People's Committee of the City shall have the authority to:

a) Prescribe requirements, conditions, application procedures, measures for protecting, preserving, restoring, renovating, and improving cultural relics and valuable architectural works, except those recognized or inscribed by UNESCO;

b) Regulate public-private partnership mechanisms in managing, exploiting, and utilizing valuable architectural works;

c) Decide on the preservation, restoration, and rehabilitation of national-level and nationally significant heritage sites after consulting with central cultural management authorities according to procedures and processes prescribed by the People's Council of the City.

3. Based on the provisions of the People's Committee of the City, the Chairman of the People's Committee of the City shall decide:

a) Approve lists of heritage sites, areas with cultural and historical values, and valuable architectural works within the city that require concentrated resources for protection and enhancement;

b) Issue permits for international travel services to enterprises registered in the city;

c) Recognize hotel star ratings within the city.

Article 16 Development of Education and Training

1. The People's Council of the City shall prescribe:

a) Management mechanisms, financial mechanisms for multi-level educational institutions, high-quality educational institutions, institutions implementing educational linkages, and advanced school models;

b) Scholarship policies, incentive mechanisms to support students, teachers, and lecturers in studying, researching, and teaching at foreign educational institutions in key fields.

2. The People's Committee of the City shall have the authority to:

a) Regulate educational linkages between public and private primary and secondary schools and foreign institutions;

b) Supplement preschool and general education curricula while ensuring requirements for educational goals, qualities, and abilities students need to achieve and mandatory content of national preschool and general education curricula;

c) Issue curricula for preschool and general education at the institutions specified in Clause 1, Point a hereof, consistent with the city's educational development goals and requirements for educational goals, qualities, and abilities students need to achieve and mandatory content of national preschool and general education curricula;

d) Prescribe criteria, conditions regarding physical infrastructure, management staff, teaching staff, curriculum, teaching methods, and educational services for institutions specified in Clause 1, Point a hereof.

3. Based on the provisions of the People's Council of the City, the Chairman of the People's Committee of the City shall have the authority to:

a) Approve establishment, merger, division, dissolution, renaming, and operation permits for public universities and colleges managed by the city; approve establishment, merger, division, dissolution, renaming, and operation permits for private universities and colleges within the city;

b) Approve establishment, merger, division, dissolution, renaming, and operation permits for foreign-invested higher education institutions and those with international educational partnerships on the city's territory after seeking input from the Ministry of Education and Training.

Article 17. Development of Healthcare and Social Security Systems

1. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate:

a) Policies for financial support from the City budget to cover costs of medical treatment outside the scope of reimbursement by the healthcare insurance fund on a phased basis;

b) Services, service prices for mobile, remote, and digital health services;

c) Policies for developing emergency response systems, medical transportation; pricing for emergency response services and patient co-payment rates when using emergency response services as a basis for supporting payment;

d) Policies to support healthcare activities at all levels within the City's jurisdiction; participation in supporting healthcare activities of the Capital, emergency response and medical transportation systems of healthcare facilities within the City's jurisdiction;

e) Social policies, social security, and welfare programs of the Capital with a focus on expanding coverage, increasing benefit levels to ensure a diverse, comprehensive, modern, sustainable, and universal social security system, prioritizing vulnerable groups, those at risk, people living in ethnic minority areas and mountainous regions, and those requiring urgent support.

2. Based on the provisions of the People's Committee of the City, the Chairman of the People's Committee of the City has the authority to:

a) Approve the application of special techniques by healthcare facilities under the management of the City in their professional field;

b) Recognize foreign-issued practice licenses for granting practice licenses for medical treatment in Vietnam.

Chapter V DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION, AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Article 18. Development of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Digital Transformation

1. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate mechanisms and policies for developing science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation that are in line with the development conditions of the Capital and the following requirements:

a) Science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation must be integrated into policy formulation, state management, and economic-social sector development planning. Prioritize addressing major issues facing the City; attract and retain scientific, technological, innovative, and digital talent through superior policies;

b) Prioritize controlled trials in science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation fields to serve as a basis for practical experience summaries and the replication of effective models nationwide;

c) Risk management in science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation activities within the City's jurisdiction;

d) State budget allocations for science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation are to be allocated flexibly, timely, effectively, transparently, based on output results linked to economic growth targets, digital economy and society development, labor productivity enhancement, and urban management efficiency.

2. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate:

a) Mechanisms and policies for preferential support and incentives for developing infrastructure in science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation fields within the City's jurisdiction;

b) Mechanisms and policies for preferential support and incentives for scientific research, technological development; technology transfer, intellectual property protection; entrepreneurship, innovation, digital transformation, commercialization of products, research outcomes; production, business operations, export of digital products; development of digital assets;

c) Establishment, organizational structure, operation, management mechanisms of the City's Science and Technology Development Fund;

d) Establishment, organizational structure, operation, management mechanisms of the Venture Capital Fund using the City budget to invest in entrepreneurship, supporting the entrepreneurial ecosystem; allocation of the City budget for capital contribution into the Venture Capital Fund.

Management and use of funds from the Venture Capital Fund shall be conducted according to market principles, accepting risks, ensuring transparency and effectiveness;
e) Cases where direct assignment or tendering is provided for scientific, technological, innovative, digital transformation tasks, projects using City budget resources;

g) Establishment or participation in establishing enterprises, management, operation, capital contribution into enterprises to commercialize research outcomes, technology development under the intellectual property rights of public higher education institutions, public vocational training institutions, and other public science and technology organizations within the City's jurisdiction and employees working at such institutions.

3. The People's Committee of the City has the authority to:

a) Specify cost-sharing in the implementation of scientific, technological, innovative tasks using City budget resources;

b) Specify methods for mobilizing and utilizing resources from private funding, public-private partnership models, and other forms in science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation fields;

c) Specify advanced management practices based on data analytics, application of digital technologies, artificial intelligence; mechanisms for sharing public-private data according to data utilization contracts;

d) Specify measures to ensure safety, risk management, and application of artificial intelligence in state management.

c) Specifying advanced governance methods based on digital data, application of digital technology, artificial intelligence; mechanisms for sharing public-private sector data under a data exploitation contract;

d) Specifying measures to ensure safety, risk management, and application of artificial intelligence in state administration within the territory;

(d) Issue technical standards and publish national standards in fields to be applied in the City with higher requirements or where no national technical standards exist; select advanced and modern international, regional, foreign standards for recognition and application.
The implementation of this provision must ensure interoperability, technical, management, and data connectivity with central government agencies, other localities, and the national technical standard system; it should not create barriers to production, business, and trade activities.

4. Entities and individuals performing scientific, technological, innovation, and digital transformation tasks using the City's budget may apply a streamlined tendering process to select service providers or suppliers when executing such tasks, except where direct procurement is required by law.

5. Expenditure for research and development activities of enterprises, organizations, and public institutions within the City as stipulated by law shall be considered in calculating taxable income at 200% of actual costs but must ensure that after applying additional expenditure, enterprises, organizations, and public institutions do not incur losses.
The use of the science and technology development fund by enterprises, organizations, and public institutions according to paragraph (d) of this article is deemed to be used for its intended purpose as per the law on science, technology, and innovation.

Article 19. Controlled Testing

1. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate:

a) Criteria, conditions for selection, procedures, and formalities for approval, adjustment, conclusion, and completion of controlled testing of technologies, processes, solutions, products, services, new business models, and other models;

b) Mechanisms for guiding and controlling the testing process; mechanisms for protecting participants in the testing; rights, obligations, and responsibilities of agencies, organizations, and individuals during the controlled testing process;

c) Policies to encourage, support, and fund controlled testing activities; sources of funding to ensure the operations of agencies, organizations, and individuals involved in approving, guiding, and controlling the testing process; use of government agency databases, infrastructure, public assets to support controlled testing;

d) Policies for prioritizing procurement and investment from the City's budget and supporting market development for projects that have been evaluated as effective.

2. The People's Committee of the City shall be responsible for:

a) Deciding on approval and issuing test regulations for each testing project; deciding temporary non-application of certain legal provisions within the scope of limited testing for specific testing projects where such provisions are not sufficiently detailed or no longer suitable; adjusting the scope of testing, temporarily suspending, extending, or concluding testing;

b) Notifying relevant government management agencies; organizing guidance and control over the testing process;

c) Reporting to the People's Council of the City on the status, results of controlled testing; recommending authorities with jurisdiction to improve related laws.

3. The implementation of controlled testing must ensure compliance with requirements for national defense, security, public order and safety, public interest, protection of participants' rights.

Article 20. Development of High-Tech Zones

1. The high-tech zone within the territory of the City includes types of high-tech zones, concentrated high-tech number zones, high-tech agriculture zones and other concentrated and linked application types, as well as the development of high technology in other fields.

2. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate:

a) The establishment, adjustment, investment construction, management, and development of high-tech zones; the functions and tasks of high-tech zones;

b) Mechanisms, preferential policies, support mechanisms, and funding sources for infrastructure development in high-tech zones, investment projects, and activities within such zones;

c) Mechanisms, policies, models regarding management and governance of high-tech zones, as well as other contents to serve the development of high-tech zones within the territory of the City;

d) Mechanisms and policies for the development of urban high technology within the territory of the City.

3. The Hoa Lac High-Tech Zone is a research, development, testing, application of high technology, human resource training for high technology, production of high-tech products, and key innovation and creativity hub of the country and the Capital; it serves as a testbed for mechanisms and policies related to the management and development of high technology and other high-tech zones nationwide.

4. The authority managing the high-tech zone in the City shall perform functions of state management and other functions regarding the high-tech zone according to the provisions of the People's Committee of the City.

Chapter VI DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPITAL'S REVENUE

Article 21. Financial Management and Budget Use

1. The central budget supplement with targeted objectives shall cover all increased revenue from the central budget, after implementing over-fulfillment rewards for revenues according to the laws on state budget, for the following revenues:

a) Corporate income tax (excluding corporate income tax from oil and gas exploration and production activities and additional corporate income tax under global anti-base erosion rules);

b) Personal income tax;

c) Special consumption tax, except any refund of special consumption tax (if applicable) and special consumption tax on imported goods;

d) Environmental protection tax.

2. The central budget supplement with targeted objectives shall cover all increased revenue from the following revenues enjoyed by the City at 100% compared to the forecasted amounts as stipulated in the instructions of the Prime Minister:

a) Export duties, import duties, and additional import duties;

b) Special consumption tax on imported goods;

c) Fees from services provided by central government agencies (excluding fees from oil and gas exploration and production activities). Fees collected from service activities provided by public institutions and organizations to which competent authorities have assigned the provision of public services shall be remitted to the state budget in accordance with laws.

d) Levies collected by central government agencies, except stamp duty as stipulated in the laws on state budget.

3. The targeted supplement from the central budget for the City's budget as provided in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not exceed the total increase in revenue from the central budget within the territory compared to the actual revenue collected in the previous year, ensuring that the central budget does not fall short of revenue. The determination of such targeted supplements is based on the aggregate of all revenues without separately accounting for each revenue. In cases where necessary, the Government may decide an appropriate level of targeted supplement consistent with the actual needs for state budget management and to ensure the primacy of the central budget.
Revenues stipulated in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article do not include revenues that are not managed by the City for collection, which do not arise within the territory of the City but are only accounted for at the City level; revenues already approved by competent authorities for specific expenditure tasks; or revenues recorded as receipts and expenditures with funds retained by the spending units according to laws.
Revenues stipulated in points a, c, d, and e of paragraph 4 of this Article shall not be used to determine targeted balanced supplements from the central budget to the City's budget.

4. The City's budget shall enjoy all of the following revenues:

a) Land use fees under the management authority of the City;

b) Rent revenue for land under the management authority of the City;

c) Revenue from carbon credit transactions, results of greenhouse gas emission reductions from programs and projects according to the mechanism of carbon credit trading and offsetting using the City's budget;

d) Revenue from fees and levies established by the People's Council of the City outside the list of fees and levies as stipulated in laws on fees and levies;

e) Other revenues specified in this Law that are not yet provided for in laws on state budget.

5. The People's Council of the City shall have authority to:

a) Specify contents of expenditure from resources implementing the City's salary policy;

b) Specify contents of expenditure from increased revenue in the City's budget, over-fulfillment rewards for revenues shared between the central and local budgets, and targeted supplements from increased revenue in the central budget as provided in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, other than those already specified by laws on state budget;

c) Specify issuance of local government bonds, project bonds, construction bonds, urban bonds, green bonds; borrowing from credit institutions, state funds;

d) Specify the self-financing regime for administrative management expenses for state agencies, Communist Party of Vietnam agencies, and lower-level People's Committees under the City's jurisdiction;

e) Specify guarantee arrangements for public sector units under the City's jurisdiction to borrow from credit institutions for investment in high-tech equipment;

f) Specify reorganization, restructuring, establishment of state financial funds outside the budget, innovation in organizational models and mechanisms of operation towards multi-objective, multifunctional structures ensuring efficiency and streamlined operations.

g) Specifies or delegates to the People's Committee of the City to specify regulations, standards, expenditure limits, and cost-sharing mechanisms for tasks utilizing city budget funds not otherwise specified in higher-level state agency documents;

h) Specifies the use by the Commune People's Council of the city budget to support other administrative units at the commune level within the city;

i) Specifies the allocation of public investment capital within the annual investment plan ceiling for implementing planning tasks, preparatory investment tasks, and project execution for medium-term investment projects, finalizing project accounts, and urgent projects when approved by competent authorities without depending on the annual investment limit allocated to each project; specifies the allocation of regular expenditure funds to proactively allocate and submit budget forecasts for planning, preparatory investment, project account closure, and other necessary tasks within the city's fiscal year;
The allocation must ensure discipline in disbursement of various funds, avoiding arrears in construction projects;

k) Decides on the structure of city budget expenditures to align with local economic and social development tasks; utilization of surplus and city treasury funds;

l) Decides on the use of city budget funds for investment projects, works, or projects outside the city's administrative boundaries;

m) Decides on the use of city budget funds to support central agencies, other domestic localities, or foreign countries.

6. The People's Committee of the City has authority:

a) To issue economic and technical standards, cost limits in various fields; unit prices, service fee rates for the capital that are not specified or differ from national regulations, except for pricing and service fees under the authority of the city's People's Council as stipulated by this Law and related laws;

b) To decide on the establishment and issue management and usage rules for the Capital Award Fund according to the decisions of the city's People's Council.
The financial resources of the award fund are extracted from increased tax and fee revenues annually compared to the city budget forecast, and other legal sources determined by the city's People's Council;

c) To decide on flexible management of city budget expenditures for development investment and regular expenses within the total city budget funds approved annually by the city's People's Council, reporting at the nearest session and summarizing in the annual regular meeting.

Article 22. Investment Authority

1. The People's Council of the City has authority:

a) To decide on the investment project initiation for public works projects and PPP projects under national decision-making authority using local budget funds or other legal sources, except nuclear power plant projects;

b) To decide on the investment project initiation for city-based projects utilizing central government budget funds, official development assistance (ODA), foreign concessional loans within national decision-making authority, and to adjust such decisions if approved by the National Assembly and Prime Minister; to manage projects initiated under such decisions without increasing central government or ODA funding.

2. The Chairman of the People's Committee of the City has authority:

a) To decide on investment project initiation for matters within his purview according to laws governing public works and PPP;

b) To approve investment project initiation, excluding nuclear power plant projects, foreign investors' projects in telecommunications infrastructure, publishing, media, defense and security projects with high secrecy levels, and special economic zones or other functional areas as per relevant investment laws.

3. For projects under Article 3(4) of this Law, the People's Council may apply exceptional policies different from those stipulated by law, national resolutions, ordinances, or National Assembly Standing Committee resolutions upon approval by competent authorities and after consulting with central agencies; reporting to the National Assembly Standing Committee and the National Assembly at the nearest session.

4. The selection of investors for projects under Article 3(4) of this Law may apply special bidding procedures.

5. The People's Council decides:

a) Procedures, content, decision-making process, approval procedures for investment project initiation, approval of investment project initiation, adjustment of investment project initiation, and approval of such adjustments as per Articles 1 and 2 of this Law and PPP projects under the city's authority; strategic investor attraction projects;

b) Criteria, conditions, procedures, and bidding processes for selecting investors and contractors as per Article 3(4) of this Law;

c) Situations, authorities, procedures for urgent project implementation, emergency construction orders within the city;

d) Criteria, conditions, procedures for identifying projects requiring immediate implementation under point a of Article 3(4) of this Law to be submitted to competent authorities for review and decision.

6. For projects decided or approved by an authorized body of the City in accordance with the laws on public investment, private investment, and public-private partnership (PPP) investment, housing, tendering, which were delayed prior to the effective date of this Law, the People's Council of the City shall specify or decide upon special policies and measures different from those provided by law to resolve difficulties and obstacles, subject to the following principles:

a) There must be a conclusion of an inspection or investigation, or a judgment that has taken legal effect, in which the cause of the violation or irregularity is due to the fault of the state administrative body or both the state administrative body and the investor; such difficulties and obstacles may only be addressed after the implementation of the conclusions of the inspection or investigation, or the judgment that has taken legal effect, if the project remains delayed;

b) For projects currently undergoing criminal, administrative, or civil proceedings, the application of this provision shall only be implemented after a judgment that has taken legal effect or an order to suspend the case; in cases where the content of the judgment that has taken legal effect is different from the provisions issued by the People's Council of the City according to this provision, it shall be implemented in accordance with the judgment that has taken legal effect;

c) Strictly handle organizations and individuals who violate regulations as per Party guidelines and national laws, ensuring the rectification of economic violations, recovery of material benefits resulting from such violations; not legitimize irregularities or allow new irregularities to arise; monitor, supervise, and strictly handle organizations and individuals who exploit this provision for corruption, malpractice, or cover-up of violations;

d) Ensure consistency with objective realities and specific historical circumstances; ensure a harmonious balance between the interests of the State, the lawful rights and interests of relevant subjects, and the legitimate interests of third parties in the overall national interest as per legal provisions; ensure security, order, social safety, and minimize disputes and complaints, especially those involving foreign elements;

d) Projects must be classified according to criteria for reasons of delay; decisions on measures to resolve such issues must be consistent with the legal status, financial obligations, degree of violation, and capability to continue implementation of each project;

e) Fully disclose information about projects, difficulties, obstacles, and all procedures, processes, and decisions related to handling projects. Annually by December 31st, report to the Government on the situation if different policies or measures are applied compared to those issued by the Prime Minister, Minister, or equivalent body; report to the Standing Committee of the National Assembly if different from provisions made by the National Assembly or its Standing Committee;

g) The handling of delayed projects as provided in this provision must be completed before July 1, 2030.

Article 23. Management, Utilization, and Operation of Public Assets and Infrastructure

1. Within the scope of its management, the People's Committee of the City shall specify:

a) The utilization, operation, and exploitation of public assets at public sector enterprises for business purposes, leasing, joint ventures, partnerships, or other methods;

b) Leasing, purchasing, or acquiring infrastructure, assets from investment activities or non-governmental sources to manage, utilize, operate, exploit, or form public assets serving economic and social development, provision of public utilities, welfare services, and other public purposes;

c) Transfer of rights to collect fees for use, transfer of limited-term exploitation rights, leasing rights for exploitation, or other methods in the management, utilization, operation, and exploitation of infrastructure, facilities, other public assets invested or managed by the State, or as specified at point b of this clause.

2. The issuance and implementation of provisions under paragraph 1 of this Article must ensure the following principles:

a) Efficient management, utilization, operation, and exploitation of assets in accordance with their purpose, functionality, standards, norms, and regulations; prevention of corruption, waste, malpractice, interest groups, or local interests;

b) Equal and voluntary agreements between investors and asset owners for leasing, purchasing, or acquiring infrastructure, assets from investment activities or non-governmental sources;

c) Public disclosure of information and commitments in contracts regarding the transfer of rights to collect fees for use, transfer of limited-term exploitation rights, leasing rights for exploitation, or other methods in the management, utilization, operation, and exploitation of infrastructure, facilities, public assets invested or managed by the State, except confidential information as per law;

d) Ensuring monitoring, inspection, auditing; timely and strict handling of violations according to legal provisions.

Article 24. Management, Protection, and Utilization of Natural Resources

1. Cases for the Expropriation of Land within the Municipality:

a) Cases for expropriating land as provided by the Law on Land;

b) Expropriation of land to implement economic and social development projects for national and public interest as stipulated in point a, clause 4, Article 3 of this Law;

c) Expropriation of land in the vicinity of roads, railway stations, depots simultaneously with expropriating land for new road or urban rail corridor construction or expansion of existing road corridors according to the plan.

2. The People's Council of the Municipality has authority:

a) To specify the allocation, leasing, and conversion of land use; exemptions, reductions in land use fees, and rental fees.
Conversion of land use must be consistent with the land use plan and ensure transparency, efficiency, prevent loss, corruption, waste, negativity, interest groups, and localism;

b) To specify the contribution of land rights, adjustment of land for urban and rural renewal according to the capital city's planning;

c) To specify compensation and support policies when the State expropriates land;

d) To specify the utilization of riverbank and floating island lands for new construction projects and residential buildings in accordance with the overall plan of the capital city, dike management, and flood control plans of rivers with dikes, other relevant plans; constructing public space and public service facilities on remaining riverbank and floating island areas without raising the elevation to ensure no obstruction of water flow;

e) To specify conditions, procedures, and formalities for issuing construction permits, types of projects, and the proportion of agricultural land that can be used for construction serving direct agricultural production, processing, storage, exhibition, promotion of landscapes, education and experience at concentrated agricultural production areas;

f) To specify the management, protection, exploitation, utilization, and sustainable development of all forest areas within the Municipality to ensure the unity and continuity of the ecosystem, closely linking with regional ecological space;

g) To specify the development of green spaces in urban areas consistent with the plan for state-owned land not yet allocated or leased, unused land;

h) To decide on usage indicators;

i) To decide on each case of expropriation as stipulated in points b and c of clause 1 of this Article.

The expropriation must ensure a harmonious balance between the interests of citizens, the State, enterprises, without causing loss, corruption, waste, negativity, interest groups, localism, ensuring security, order, and social safety.
Clause 3. The People's Committee of the Municipality specifies procedures and formalities for implementing land expropriation as stipulated in points b and c of clause 1 of this Article.

3. The People's Committee of the City shall specify the procedures and formalities for the expropriation of land as provided in points b and c of paragraph 1 of this Article.

Article 25. Attraction, Utilization, and Development of Human Resources

1. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate policies for attracting, utilizing, training, and developing high-quality human resources working at agencies, organizations, units, and enterprises within its territory, including:

a) Policies on income, wages, bonuses, and other welfare benefits;

b) Housing and residence policies, as well as necessary working conditions;

c) Special mechanisms to attract, utilize experts, scientists, managers, chief engineers, architects, and highly skilled professionals in priority development fields of the Capital City;

d) Policies for developing human resources in industrial digital technology and other key sectors.

2. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate policies and use city budget funds to implement:

a) Support and investment in infrastructure, equipment for key educational and training institutions within its territory;

b) Social housing policies for civil servants, public officials, and staff within its territory;

c) Funding support for training, professional development, and skill enhancement both domestically and at foreign training institutions for civil servants, public officials, employees under the management of the City;

d) Modernization investment in some key vocational colleges with high quality standards that meet regional and international standards, aligned with the city's industry and profession priorities; implementing policies to support tuition fees for students enrolled in key professions and those approaching advanced regional and global standards.

Article 26. Attraction of Investment, Preferential Treatment, and Support for Business Development

1. Investment projects within the territory of the City are entitled to preferential treatment and support including:

a) New investment in sports fields, establishment of cultural industry centers, projects in cultural industries as detailed by the People's Committee of the City;

b) Establishment of new preschool education institutions, high-quality educational institutions with multiple levels; preschools and primary schools in economically and socially disadvantaged areas; special education institutions for people with disabilities and children from difficult circumstances;

c) Establishment of new high-quality modern healthcare facilities; healthcare facilities in economically and socially disadvantaged areas;

d) Investment in non-governmental social service institutions, private drug rehabilitation centers, voluntary home-based and community drug rehabilitation services;

e) High-tech, information technology, digital technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship activities in the scientific and technological fields of the Capital City;

f) Use of advanced technologies in environmental protection, climate change response, waste management, water treatment; construction and operation of high-tech industrial infrastructure projects; high-tech agricultural projects, traditional craft village development projects, investment in centralized animal slaughter facilities meeting national veterinary hygiene standards.

2. Enterprises, organizations, and individuals implementing projects as specified in points a, b, c, e, and f of paragraph 1 of this Article are entitled to the following preferential treatments and supports:

a) Exemption from land rent and water surface rent for 10 years, with a 50% reduction on the remaining duration of the project;
Start-up enterprises, scientific and technological organizations, and intermediary support organizations for innovation and entrepreneurship are entitled to a 50% reduction in production and business premises rental costs at city innovation centers;

b) Income from project implementation is subject to a corporate income tax rate of 5%, with a four-year exemption period followed by a 50% reduction on the remaining nine years.
The time for tax exemptions and reductions for enterprise income from new investment projects as specified in this paragraph shall be calculated from the year when taxable income from the project is first earned.

3. Enterprises, organizations, and individuals investing in projects as specified in point d of paragraph 1 of this Article are entitled to the following preferential treatments and supports:

a) Exemption from land use fees upon establishment, exemption from corporate income tax on income from activities of non-governmental social service institutions, private drug rehabilitation centers, voluntary home-based and community drug rehabilitation services;

b) Interest rate support for loans from the city budget for five years according to the regulations of the People's Council of the City;

c) Contributions and sponsorships from organizations and enterprises for advisory, publicity, anti-drug, drug rehabilitation activities, development of new models in drug rehabilitation, post-rehabilitation management are considered legitimate expenses when accounting; contributions and incentives for organizations, individuals with achievements in anti-drug work can be deducted from personal income tax before calculation.
Contributions and sponsorships from individuals for advisory, publicity, anti-drug, drug rehabilitation activities, development of new models in drug rehabilitation, post-rehabilitation management, and incentives for organizations, individuals with achievements in anti-drug work can be deducted from the individual's taxable income when calculating personal income tax within the City.

4. Enterprises, organizations, and individuals investing in underground parking lots or multi-level parking facilities are entitled to the following preferential treatments and supports:

a) Exemption from land rent and underground space usage fees for the entire duration of the project;

b) Full support for import duties on equipment and production lines used directly in the construction of underground and multi-level parking lots, utilizing high-tech;

c) Permission to use up to 25% of the total floor area according to the plan for investment and operation services supporting vehicle storage and parking activities;

d) Interest rate support for loans from the city budget for five years according to the regulations of the People's Council of the City.

5. Strategic investors are entitled to the following preferential treatments and supports:

a) Exemption or reduction of land rent, water surface rent in accordance with the provisions of the People's Council of the City;

b) Enjoy preferential treatment regarding customs procedures and tax procedures for goods exported and imported under an investment project implemented by a strategic investor within the territory of the City when such goods meet the conditions for applying preferential treatment as provided by law on customs and taxation, except for the condition related to export and import volume;

c) Support for human resource development; infrastructure and social infrastructure projects; costs associated with high-tech products; research and development;

d) Other incentives and support decided by the People's Council of the City to meet urgent needs in attracting strategic investors.

6. Start-up enterprises operating in the field of science and technology within the Capital City shall enjoy the following incentives and supports:

a) Exemption from corporate income tax for a period of five years from the time when corporate income tax is due on income generated from entrepreneurial activities by start-up enterprises, scientific research organizations, innovation centers, and intermediary organizations supporting entrepreneurship and innovation operating within the territory of the City;

b) Exemption from personal income tax and corporate income tax of individuals or entities receiving income from the transfer of equity interests in a start-up enterprise operating within the territory of the City;

c) Exemption from certain criteria for evaluating tender documents, bidding proposals, and capability and experience assessment forms when participating in tenders for projects of the City, including requirements related to revenue, financial resources, similar contracts, and other requirements that are suitable for the characteristics of start-up enterprises.
When evaluating and ranking tender documents and bidding proposals, a contractor operating as a start-up enterprise within the territory of the City shall be given preferential treatment as if it were a supplier with domestic production costs accounting for 25% or more according to the law on procurement; the method of giving preferential treatment is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the law.

7. Individuals participating in scientific, technological, and innovation activities within the City shall enjoy the following incentives and supports:

a) Exemption from personal income tax for five years on income derived from wages or salaries of experts, scientists, individuals with special talents, and entrepreneurs working at start-up enterprises, scientific research organizations, innovation centers, and intermediary organizations supporting entrepreneurship and innovation operating within the territory of the City;

b) Income earned from performing key scientific and technological tasks in the Capital City as determined by the list decided by the People's Committee is non-taxable personal income.
Key areas of science and technology for the Capital City include digital technologies, information and communication technologies, biotechnology, new materials technology, manufacturing - automation technology, environmental technology, carbon emission reduction, climate change response, and other fields as determined by the People's Council of the City.

8. The People's Council of the City shall stipulate:

a) List of priority sectors, industries, and professions for attracting strategic investors in the Capital City; criteria and conditions for strategic investors;

b) Situations where strategic investors are not entitled to incentives due to failure to meet capital requirements, disbursement schedule, other conditions for strategic investors, and failure to fulfill commitments with the City; responsibilities for compensating received incentives;

c) Criteria, conditions, application forms, procedures, and formalities for implementing incentives and supports as provided in paragraphs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of this Article and other incentives and supports based on the City's budget capacity;

d) Policies to support private sector enterprises within the territory of the City by industry or profession; level of tax, fee, and other state budget contributions; job creation results; implementation of corporate social responsibility.

9. Authority of the People's Council and the Chairman of the People's Committee of the City over enterprises with State capital under the jurisdiction of the City:

a) The People's Council of the City decides on the list of enterprises in which the State holds shares, equity contributions, and implements state capital investment; stipulates mechanisms for paying salaries, remuneration, bonuses to direct representatives of the owner, supervisors, and representatives of state-owned capital at enterprises;

b) The Chairman of the People's Committee of the City decides on state capital investment in enterprises according to the list decided by the People's Council of the City; sources of investment funds include local budget and retained profits for reinvestment and business development; salary, remuneration, and bonus payments are based on performance evaluation index results, labor productivity, and capital preservation of the enterprise.

Article 27. Development of Free Economic Zones, Free Trade Areas and New Forms of Economy

1. The Free Economic Zone, Free Trade Area in the City shall be established by the People's Committee of the City after approval by the People's Council of the City.
The mechanisms and policies concerning organization and operation of free economic zones, free trade areas are implemented according to the provisions of the People's Council of the City.

2. The People's Council of the City shall specify the scope, conditions, industries, trades, fields of activity, management measures, ensuring security, public order, social safety, and other issues arising for the development of:

a) Investment activities in products and services to meet the needs of elderly people and support, encourage the use of labor from elderly people, linked with sustainable urban development, social welfare, health care, innovation and economic-social development of the Capital City and its surrounding areas;

b) Investment activities in products and services organized and operated during nighttime hours, aimed at effectively exploiting the potential of the city, promoting economic, cultural, and tourism development;

c) Investment activities in products and services organized and operated in low space, high space;

d) Urban economy, creative economy and high-value-added service sectors; new investment activities in products and services.

Chapter VII LINKAGE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AREAS

Article 28. Objectives and Principles of Regional Linkage and Development

1. Hanoi is the core, hub, connecting force, driving force for regional linkage and development, serving as a growth pole for the Capital Region, the Red River Delta region, the Central Highlands and Northern Mountains region, and the entire country.

2. The State prioritizes resources to promote regional linkage and development between Hanoi City and other localities within the Capital Region (hereinafter referred to as regional linkage and development of the Capital Region), and between Hanoi City and other localities in the Red River Delta, Central Highlands and Northern Mountains regions (hereinafter referred to as regional linkage and development).

3. Regional linkage and development, including regional linkage and development of the Capital Region, shall ensure the following principles:

a) Consensus, transparency, fairness, harmonization of interests between Hanoi City and other localities;

b) Implementation of coordinated development through programs, plans, projects for regional linkage and development;

c) Ensuring uniformity in spatial organization, investment in common infrastructure, and implementation of regional linkage and development between Hanoi City and other localities; consistent with national-level planning, overall capital city planning, provincial planning.

4. The planning, investment, and project development for regional linkage and development, including the Capital Region's projects, shall ensure the following requirements:

a) Coordination, uniformity in technical standards and common infrastructure criteria among localities;

b) Coordinated exploitation of mineral resources; environmental management, water resource management; air pollution control, water pollution control; disease control;

c) Development of production and supply chains in industrial, agricultural, logistics, scientific, technological, educational, training, medical, labor, cultural, tourism sectors.

Article 29. Investment and Management of Linked Projects, Regional Development Projects, Capital Region Linked and Regional Development Projects

1. The proposal and implementation of linked projects, regional development projects, capital region linked and regional development projects shall be carried out as follows:

a) The People's Committee of the City of Hanoi, relevant localities report to the same level People's Council for examination and agreement on the implementation of the project;

b) The People's Committees of the City of Hanoi and relevant localities participating in the project shall jointly select one provincial People's Committee as the principal authority responsible for implementing the project.

2. Central budget and local budgets allocate funds to implement linked projects, regional development projects, capital region linked and regional development projects that utilize state budgetary funds according to the following provisions:

a) The central budget prioritizes allocation of funds for the project;

b) Prioritize allocation from increased revenue sources of the central budget to ensure investment in linked projects, regional development projects, capital region linked and regional development projects before other programs, tasks, or projects;

c) The Prime Minister decides on the list of projects supported by the central budget as provided for in this Article based on the proposal of the People's Committee of the City of Hanoi.

3. Localities participating in implementing linked projects, regional development projects, capital region linked and regional development projects have the following rights:

a) To apply provisions of the Capital Region Law and implementing regulations thereof to prepare, review, approve, and implement linked projects, regional development projects, capital region linked and regional development projects according to the resolution of the same level People's Council after reaching agreement with the People's Council of the City of Hanoi;

b) Localities within the Capital Region may use their budgets to directly invest in linked projects, regional development projects of the Capital Region on the territory of other localities within the Capital Region to address issues related to infrastructure, environment, clean water supply, drainage, and other works for common benefits.

4. The Capital Region Development Fund shall be established and operate as follows:

a) The Capital Region Development Fund is a state financial fund outside of the budget decided by the People's Council of the City of Hanoi on the basis of agreement with the same level People's Councils of localities within the Capital Region;

b) Financial resources for the Fund are formed from central budgets, local budgets within the Capital Region, and other legitimate financial sources such as donations and support;

c) The Fund is used to invest in linked projects, regional development projects of the Capital Region, prioritizing infrastructure projects, important infrastructure projects, environmental pollution control projects, mineral exploitation projects; disaster response, disease control projects with regional characteristics.

5. Localities engaged in linked and regional development activities, capital region linked and regional development activities have the following duties and powers:

a) Cooperate with the City of Hanoi in developing and organizing the implementation of programs, plans, and projects;

b) Balance local budget funds to implement projects within their territory; participate in contributing maintenance, repair, and operation costs for shared infrastructure according to usage and benefit levels;

c) Share environmental costs, including costs related to controlling, reducing, and mitigating pollution relevant to the locality;

d) Provide information and data for regional integration and development activities; capital region linked and regional development activities;

e) Cooperate in monitoring, inspecting, and auditing the implementation of regulations on regional integration and development, capital region linked and regional development.

Article 30. Protection of the Environment in the Capital Region

1. Coordination for environmental protection in the Capital Region with respect to issues affecting multiple provinces shall include managing and improving air quality according to affected air regions; managing wastewater according to river basins and drainage systems; managing solid waste according to generation - collection - transportation - treatment chains.
The People's Committee of Hanoi shall play a coordinating role within the regional environmental coordination mechanism for the Capital Region, based on ensuring harmonious interests, shared responsibilities, and compliance with laws.

2. The main contents of the regional environmental coordination mechanism in the Capital Region include:

a) Sharing, connecting, and using common environmental data, emission sources, and pollutant sources;

b) Establishing an inter-regional monitoring system for environmental pollution;

c) Developing and organizing the implementation of regional environmental plans according to each component of the environment;

d) Coordinating inspections, supervision, and enforcement actions regarding environmental violations from multi-regional emission sources;

d) Mobilizing, allocating, and using common resources for inter-regional environmental protection tasks, projects, and programs.

3. Based on consensus with the provincial people's committees of the regions in the Capital Region, the People's Committee of Hanoi shall develop a coordination mechanism, cooperation content, responsibilities of relevant parties, and mechanisms for supervising regional coordination implementation in environmental management.

4. Based on consensus among the regions in the Capital Region, Hanoi, and other regions within the Capital Region, stricter environmental protection measures than those prescribed by competent state authorities shall be stipulated and implemented as follows:

a) The provincial people's assemblies shall prescribe subjects, wastewater discharge volumes, dust, industrial exhaust gas levels that must apply automatic continuous monitoring measures; higher environmental protection fees for wastewater, dust, and industrial exhaust gases;

b) The provincial people's committees shall establish technical standards for the environment regarding waste and timelines for their application.
The issuance of regulatory legal documents by the provincial people's assemblies and people's committees of other regions within the Capital Region as stipulated in this article shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions on issuing regulatory legal documents.

Chapter VIII MONITORING, INSPECTION, AND ACCOUNTABILITY

Article 31. Responsibilities of the National Assembly, National Assembly Organs, Delegation to the National Assembly, and Members of the National Assembly

1. The National Assembly shall review reports on the implementation of the Capital City Law at the request of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly or the Government.

2. The Standing Committee of the National Assembly shall be responsible for:

a) Supervising the implementation of the Capital City Law;

b) Based on legal provisions or to ensure national interests, national defense and security, and foreign affairs, deciding to repeal all or part of the documents issued by the Hanoi People's Council in accordance with this Law’s provisions;

c) Reviewing reports from the Hanoi People's Council on the implementation of the Capital City Law.

3. The Ethnic Affairs Committee and other National Assembly Committees, within their scope of duties and authority, shall be responsible for supervising the implementation of special mechanisms and policies and the issuance of regulatory legal documents by the city government in accordance with this Law; making recommendations to competent authorities on handling issues arising during the implementation of the Law.

4. The Delegation to the National Assembly and Members of the National Assembly, within their scope of duties and authority, shall be responsible for:

a) Supervising the implementation of the Capital City Law;

b) Making recommendations to competent authorities on handling issues arising during the implementation of the Law;

c) Participating in improving mechanisms, policies for the construction, development, and protection of Hanoi and the Capital Region.

Article 32. Responsibilities of the Government, Prime Minister, Ministries, and Equivalent Agencies

1. The Government shall have the following responsibilities:

a) Organize monitoring, inspection, and auditing of the implementation of the Capital City Law to ensure that the devolution and delegation provided for in this Law are carried out uniformly, in accordance with the law, effectively;

b) Directly monitor, evaluate, and control risks related to the implementation of special mechanisms and policies of the Capital City.

2. The Prime Minister shall have the following responsibilities:

a) Direct inter-ministerial coordination and handling of issues arising at the regional or sectoral level during the implementation of the special mechanisms and policies of the Capital City;

b) In accordance with legal provisions, or to safeguard national interests, defense, security, and foreign policy, suspend the implementation in full or in part of documents issued by the People's Council of the Municipality as provided for in this Law; suspend or repeal in full or in part the documents issued by the People's Committee and its Chairperson of the Municipality as provided for in this Law.

3. Ministries and agencies equivalent to ministries shall have the following responsibilities:

a) Implement national administrative management according to sectoral fields for activities within the territory of the Municipality in accordance with regulations, and in line with the provisions on devolution and delegation to the Municipality;

b) Cooperate with the People's Committee of the Municipality and provincial people's committees of regions with inter-regional development activities, Capital City regional development activities, in drafting, organizing implementation, and evaluating special mechanisms and policies;

c) Provide professional guidance; inspect and audit according to their authority on the enforcement of laws, special mechanisms, and policies as provided for in this Law;

d) Recommend to the Prime Minister the suspension or repeal of documents as provided for at point b of clause 2 of this Article.

Article 33. Responsibilities of Municipal Authorities, Agencies, and Organizations

1. At all levels within their scope of duties and authority, the People's Councils, People's Committees, and Chairpersons of the Municipality shall have the following responsibilities:

a) Timely organize and ensure the implementation of laws concerning the Capital City; secure resources for implementing mechanisms and policies as provided for in this Law;

b) Inspect, audit, and supervise the enforcement of provisions of the Capital City Law under their jurisdiction and bear responsibility for any violations or deficiencies occurring in the work of planning, development, and protection of the Capital City;

c) Publicize, be transparent, enhance accountability regarding the use of land funds, implementation of investment projects, administrative procedures, and other matters as provided by law to ensure public awareness, participation, and supervision of the enforcement of provisions in this Law;

d) Not devolve or delegate authorities specified in this Law except for those authorities stipulated at points b and c of clause 3 of Article 15 of this Law.
For authorities of the People's Councils, People's Committees, and Chairpersons of the Municipality as provided by other normative legal documents, devolution or delegation shall be carried out in accordance with the law.

2. The People's Council of the Municipality, within its scope of duties and authority, shall have the responsibilities specified in paragraph 1 of this Article and the following tasks:

a) Supervise the implementation of the Capital City Law;

b) Report annually to the Standing Committee of the National Assembly on the enforcement of the Capital City Law.

3. The People's Committee of the Municipality, within its scope of duties and authority, shall have the responsibilities specified in paragraph 1 of this Article and the following tasks:

a) Ensure safety and convenience for the operations of central Party, State organs, political-social organizations, diplomatic missions, international organizations, and national and international programs/events on the territory of the Municipality;

b) Actively coordinate and support regions within the Capital City region, Red River Delta, North Central Highlands, and Northern Mountainous Region, as well as the entire country through expanding forms of inter-regional cooperation for common development;

c) Facilitate effective participation by agencies, organizations, and individuals in the process of planning, developing, and protecting the Capital City;

d) Propose to the People's Council of the Municipality for consideration and decision on applying laws as provided at paragraph 3 of Article 5 of this Law;

e) Organize evaluation of the effectiveness of normative legal documents issued in accordance with Article 8 of this Law after one year of implementation; conduct a preliminary summary and final review of the enforcement of such documents according to the law or upon request by the People's Council of the Municipality, Prime Minister, or Standing Committee of the National Assembly;

f) Report annually to the People's Council of the Municipality and the Government on the implementation of the Capital City Law.

4. The Municipal Vietnam Fatherland Front Committees and their member organizations shall have the responsibility to supervise and provide social feedback on the enforcement of the Capital City Law.

5. Within seven days from the date of issuance of a normative legal document as provided in Article 8 or Article 9 of this Law, the People's Councils, People's Committees, and Chairpersons of the Municipality shall have the following responsibilities:

a) Report to the Standing Committee of the National Assembly and the Government matters within their authority of the National Assembly and the Standing Committee of the National Assembly;

b) Report to the Government and Prime Minister matters within their authority of the Government and Prime Minister;

c) Report to Ministries and agencies equivalent to ministries matters within their authority of such Ministries.

6. The accountability responsibilities of the Municipality's authorities:

a) Provide explanations according to requests from competent state organs when significant issues arise that affect national interests, defense, security, foreign policy, public order and safety, or legal rights and legitimate interests of organizations and individuals.
The content of the explanation includes objectives, scope of impact, and risk assessment and socioeconomic consequences of applying special mechanisms and policies; results of implementation, effectiveness of resource utilization, impacts on the development of the Capital City, and national benefits; preventive measures, detection, and handling of limitations, inconsistencies, or errors arising during the exercise of authorities, mechanisms, and policies.

b) The content of the explanation must be made public in accordance with the law to ensure public supervision.

Article 34. Handling of Violations, Exemptions, and Waiver of Legal Liability

1. Strictly handle acts of corruption, embezzlement, harassment, and other violations by civil servants, public officials, and staff in the implementation of this Law.

2. The head of an agency, organization, or unit, a civil servant, public official, or person involved in drafting, promulgating, implementing the Capital City Law and documents issued in accordance with Articles 8 and 9 of this Law shall be exempted from legal liability in cases where there is no personal gain, they have performed their duties in accordance with the provisions on authority, procedures, and formalities, but still result in losses.

Chapter IX IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS

Article 35. Effective Date of Implementation

1. This Law shall come into force on July 1, 2026, except as provided for in paragraph 2 hereof.

2. The provisions set forth in paragraphs 4 of Article 8 and paragraph 6 of Article 36 of this Law shall take effect from the date of its enactment.
From the date of enactment of this Law, the drafting and promulgation of implementing documents for the Capital City Law shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

3. The Capital City Law No. 39/2024/QH15 is amended and supplemented by Laws Nos. 47/2024/QH15, 55/2024/QH15, 57/2024/QH15, 58/2024/QH15, 71/2025/QH15, and 72/2025/QH15. Such amended and supplemented Law No. 39/2024/QH15 shall cease to have effect from the date this Law comes into force.

Article 36. Transitional Provisions

1. Programs, projects, plans, tasks, planning, financial mechanisms, management mechanisms, self-financing mechanisms, and state-owned financial funds that have been approved and are being implemented before the effective date of this Law may continue to be carried out in accordance with the decisions already issued; where they comply with the provisions of this Law, they shall be transferred to implementation according to the mechanisms and authorities provided for in this Law without requiring re-approval.

2. Pilot programs, experiments, controlled trials, new governance models that are being implemented before the effective date of this Law may continue to be carried out in accordance with the approved plans; the People's Council and People's Committee of the City may adjust the content, scope, and duration of the pilot program to comply with the provisions of this Law without having to re-approve.

3. For organizational structures of government bodies, administrative organs, civil service systems, job positions that have been implemented before the effective date of this Law, they shall continue to be implemented until new regulations are issued by the People's Council, People's Committee, and Chairperson of the People's Committee of the City in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

4. For administrative procedures that have been fully and accurately completed and received by competent authorities before the effective date of this Law, they shall continue to be processed according to the legal provisions at the time of receipt.

5. Projects for urban rail transit and projects following the TOD model shall continue to be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Resolution No. 188/2025/QH15 on pilot programs, special policies, and exceptional measures for developing the urban rail transit network in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
The People's Council of Hanoi decides to adjust and supplement the urban rail transit project within the annexed Resolution No. 188/2025/QH15 according to the development needs of the city and reports the results of implementation to the Government.

6. Major projects currently being implemented in accordance with Resolution No. 258/2025/QH15 on pilot programs, special policies for implementing major projects in the capital region before the effective date of this Law may continue to be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Resolution No. 258/2025/QH15. In case an investor or project owner fails to complete the conditions for commencement within six months from the start date as provided in paragraph 2 of Article 5 of Resolution No. 258/2025/QH15, the People's Council of the City shall consider and decide on extending the time limit for completing the conditions for commencement and bear responsibility for this matter; the total extension period shall not exceed six months.

Major projects within the scope defined in paragraph 2 of Article 1 of Resolution No. 258/2025/QH15 that are implemented after the effective date of this Law shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of this Law, except where the competent authority deciding on the project's approval or consent decides to apply the provisions of Resolution No. 258/2025/QH15.

This Law was adopted by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its Sixteenth Session, First Regular Session on Februarymonth3 year 2026 4 2026.