Circular No. 123/2012/TT-BTC guiding the implementation of certain Articles of the Law on Corporate Income Tax No. 14/2008/QH12 and guiding the implementation of Decree No. 124/2008/NĐ-CP dated December 11, 2008, and Decree No. 122/2011/NĐ-CP dated December 27, 2011 of the Government detailing the implementation of certain provisions of the Law on Corporate Income Tax.

CIRCULAR

Guidelines for implementing certain provisions of the Law on Corporate Income Tax number 14/2008/QH12 and guidelines for implementing Decree number 124/2008/NĐ-CP

dated December 11, 2008, and Decree number 122/2011/NĐ-CP dated December 27, 2011

of the Government detailing the implementation of certain provisions of the Law on Corporate Income Tax

Pursuant to the Law on Corporate Income Tax number 14/2008/QH12 dated June 3, 2008;

Pursuant to Decree number 124/2008/NĐ-CP dated December 11, 2008 of the Government detailing the implementation of certain provisions of the Law on Corporate Income Tax;

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Pursuant to Decree number 122/2011/NĐ-CP dated December 27, 2011 of the Government amending and supplementing certain provisions of Decree number 124/2008/NĐ-CP of the Government detailing and guiding the implementation of certain provisions of the Law on Corporate Income Tax;

Pursuant to the Law on Tax Administration No. 78/2006/QH11 dated November 29, 2006;

Considering the proposal of the Director General of the State Revenue总局局长关于企业所得税的实施和执行的建议，财政部部长如下指导企业所得税：

These Circulars detail and guide the implementation of certain provisions of the Law on Corporate Income Tax number 14/2008/QH12 dated June 3, 2008, Decree number 124/2008/NĐ-CP dated December 11, 2008 of the Government detailing the implementation of certain provisions of the Law on Corporate Income Tax; Decree number 122/2011/NĐ-CP dated December 27, 2011 amending and supplementing certain provisions of Decree number 124/2008/NĐ-CP of the Government detailing and guiding the implementation of certain provisions of the Law on Corporate Income Tax.

Pursuant to the Decree No. 118/2008/NĐ-CP dated November 27, 2008 of the Government stipulating the functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Finance;

The taxpayer of corporate income tax is an organization engaged in production and business activities with taxable income (hereinafter referred to as a business enterprise), including:

PART I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of Regulation

a) Enterprises established and operating in accordance with the Enterprise Law, Investment Law, Credit Institutions Law, Insurance Business Law, Securities Law, Petroleum Law, Commercial Law, and other regulatory legal documents in the forms of: Joint-stock company; Limited liability company; Partnership company; Private enterprise; State-owned enterprise; Law firm office, private notary office; Parties in a joint venture contract; Parties in a product sharing contract, oil and gas joint venture enterprise, joint management company.

Article 2. Taxpayer

1. b) Public and non-public institutions engaged in production and business activities with income in all fields.

c) Organizations established and operating under the Law on Cooperatives.

d) Enterprises established according to foreign laws (hereinafter referred to as foreign enterprises) having a permanent establishment in Vietnam.

A permanent establishment of a foreign enterprise is a production and business base through which the foreign enterprise conducts part or all of its production and business activities in Vietnam generating income, mainly including:

- Branches, management offices, factories, workshops, means of transportation, mines, oil wells, gas wells, or other natural resource extraction sites in Vietnam;

- Construction sites, construction projects, installation, assembly;

- Service provision bases, including consulting services provided through employees or other organizations and individuals;

- Agents for foreign enterprises;

- Representatives in Vietnam in cases where they are authorized representatives signing contracts on behalf of foreign enterprises or non-authorized representatives signing contracts on behalf of foreign enterprises but regularly engage in the delivery of goods or provision of services in Vietnam.

In cases where a Double Taxation Agreement signed by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam provides different rules regarding a permanent establishment, such agreements shall be followed.

e) Other organizations outside those mentioned in points a, b, c, and d of Clause 1 of this Article that engage in production and business activities of goods or services and have taxable income.

Foreign organizations producing and trading in Vietnam not in accordance with the Investment Law, the Enterprise Law, or having income generated in Vietnam shall pay corporate income tax according to separate guidelines issued by the Ministry of Finance. If these organizations engage in capital transfer activities, they shall follow the corporate income tax payment guidelines set out in Article 14 of Chapter IV of this Circular.

METHODS AND BASIS FOR CALCULATING TAX

2. Foreign organizations producing and operating in Vietnam not in accordance with the Investment Law, the Enterprise Law, or generating income in Vietnam shall pay corporate income tax according to specific guidelines issued by the Ministry of Finance. If these organizations engage in capital transfer activities, they shall pay corporate income tax in accordance with the guidance provided in Article 14, Chapter IV of this Circular.

Chapter II

METHODS AND BASIS FOR CALCULATING TAX

Article 3. Tax Calculation Method

1. The corporate income tax payable for a tax period equals taxable income multiplied by the tax rate.

Corporate income tax payable is determined according to the following formula:

In cases where a business has set aside funds for scientific and technological development, the corporate income tax payable shall be determined as follows:

Where a business has paid corporate income tax or a similar tax on corporate income outside Vietnam, the business may deduct the amount of corporate income tax already paid, but not exceeding the amount of corporate income tax payable as prescribed by the Law on Corporate Income Tax.

2. The tax period is determined according to the Gregorian calendar year. In cases where a business applies a fiscal year different from the Gregorian calendar year, the tax period is determined according to the applied fiscal year. The first tax period for newly established businesses and the last tax period for businesses changing their business form, ownership form, merging, splitting, dissolving, or going bankrupt shall be determined in accordance with the accounting period as prescribed by the law on accounting.

3. In cases where the first tax period of a newly established business from the date of issuance of the Business Registration Certificate or the Business Registration License or the Establishment Permit or Investment Certificate is less than three months, or the last tax period for businesses changing their business form, ownership form, merging, splitting, dissolving, or going bankrupt is less than three months, such periods shall be combined with the next tax period (for newly established businesses) or the previous tax period (for businesses changing their business form, ownership form, merging, splitting, dissolving, or going bankrupt) to form a single corporate income tax period. The first tax period or the last tax period shall not exceed fifteen months.

4. In cases where a business implements a change in the corporate income tax period (including changes from the Gregorian calendar year to a fiscal year or vice versa), the corporate income tax period of the year of change shall not exceed twelve months. Businesses enjoying corporate income tax incentives during the transition period who implement a change in the tax period may choose between continuing to enjoy incentives during the year of change or paying taxes at the general tax rate for the year of change and enjoying incentives in the subsequent year.

Example 1: Business A (Business A) applied the Gregorian calendar year for its corporate income tax period in 2011. At the beginning of 2012, it chose to switch to a fiscal year starting from April 1st of that year to March 31st of the following year. Therefore, the corporate income tax period for the year of change (2012) would be from January 1, 2012, to March 31, 2012 (three months), and the subsequent corporate income tax period would be from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2013.

Example 2: In the same case, if Business A enjoys corporate income tax incentives (exempt from tax for two years and reduced by 50% for the next three years), and the exemption began in 2009, then Business A will enjoy the following incentives (exempt from tax in 2009 and 2010, and reduced by 50% in 2011, 2012, and 2013).

If the business chooses to reduce 50% of the tax according to the corporate income tax period in 2012, the business will continue to reduce 50% of the corporate income tax for the year of change and the subsequent tax period (fiscal year 2012 from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2013).

If the business chooses not to enjoy the 50% reduction in corporate income tax for the corporate income tax period in 2012 (the tax period in 2012 is declared and paid at the general tax rate), the business will enjoy a 50% reduction in corporate income tax for the fiscal year 2012 (from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2013) and the fiscal year 2013 (from April 1, 2013, to March 31, 2014).

5. Public institutions generating business activities subject to corporate income tax, which record revenue but cannot determine costs and income from these activities, shall declare and pay corporate income tax based on a percentage of sales revenue and service revenue, specifically as follows:

+ For services: 5%;

+ For goods trading: 1%;

+ For other activities (including education, healthcare, artistic performances): 2%.

Example 3: Public institution A generates rental house activity, with annual rental revenue of 100 million VND. Since the institution cannot record and determine costs and income from this rental activity, it chooses to declare and pay corporate income tax based on a percentage of sales revenue and service revenue as follows:

The corporate income tax payable = 100,000,000 VND x 5% = 5,000,000 VND.

6. Businesses with revenues, expenses, taxable income, and taxable income denominated in foreign currency must convert foreign currency into Vietnamese Dong at the average exchange rate on the inter-bank foreign exchange market published by the State Bank of Vietnam at the time of occurrence of revenues, expenses, and taxable income denominated in foreign currency, except where otherwise provided by law. For foreign currencies without a direct exchange rate with the Vietnamese Dong, they must be converted through another foreign currency with an exchange rate against the Vietnamese Dong.

Article 4. Determination of Taxable Income

1. Taxable income for the tax period is determined by deducting exempted income and losses carried forward from previous years from taxable income according to regulations.

Taxable income is determined using the following formula:

2. Taxable income

Taxable income for the tax period includes income from production and business activities of goods and services and other income.

Taxable income for the tax period is determined as follows:

Income from production and business activities of goods and services equals the revenue from such activities minus deductible costs of those activities. If a business has multiple production and business activities with different tax rates, the business must calculate the income of each activity separately and multiply it by the corresponding tax rate.

Income from transferring real estate; transferring projects (not tied to land use rights transfer or land lease rights); transferring project implementation rights, transferring exploration, exploitation, processing mineral rights according to legal provisions must be accounted for separately to declare and pay corporate income tax at a rate of 25%, without enjoying corporate income tax incentives, and cannot be offset against income or losses from other production and business activities. In cases where a business engages in transferring real estate; transferring projects (not tied to land use rights or land lease rights); transferring project implementation rights, transferring exploration, exploitation, processing mineral rights according to legal provisions, the business may offset profits and losses among these activities when declaring and paying corporate income tax.

Article 5. Revenue

1. Revenue for determining taxable income is determined as follows:

Revenue for determining taxable income includes all money from selling goods, processing fees, service provision fees including subsidies, surcharges, premiums that the enterprise enjoys regardless of whether the money has been collected or not.

a) For enterprises subject to value-added tax under the deduction method, revenue does not include value-added tax.

Example 4: Enterprise A is a taxpayer subject to value-added tax under the deduction method. The value-added tax invoice includes the following items:

Selling price: 100,000 VND.

VAT (10%): 10,000 VND.

Payment amount: 110,000 VND.

Revenue for determining taxable income is 100,000 VND.

b) For enterprises subject to value-added tax under the direct method on value-added, revenue includes value-added tax.

Example 5: Enterprise B is a taxpayer subject to value-added tax under the direct method on value-added. The sales invoice only records the selling price as 110,000 VND (including VAT).

Revenue for determining taxable income is 110,000 VND.

2. The time point for determining revenue for determining taxable income is determined as follows:

a) For sales activities, it is the time point when ownership or usage rights of goods are transferred to the buyer.

b) For service provision activities, it is the time point when the service is completed for the buyer or the time point when the service provision invoice is issued.

In cases where the time point for issuing the service provision invoice occurs before the completion of the service, the time point for determining revenue for tax purposes is calculated based on the time point of issuing the service provision invoice.

c) Other cases as provided by law.

3. Revenue for determining taxable income in certain situations is determined as follows:

a) For goods and services sold on installment or deferred payment basis, it is the one-time sale price, excluding installment interest and deferred payment interest.

b) For goods and services used for exchange, gift, donation, internal consumption (excluding goods and services used to continue the production and business process of the enterprise), it is determined based on the market price of similar or equivalent products, goods, and services at the time of exchange, gift, donation, or internal consumption.

c) For processing activities, it is the total income from processing activities including labor fees, fuel, power, auxiliary materials, and other expenses serving the processing activities.

d) For goods entrusted to agents or consignees and received by agents or consignees under agency or consignment contracts sold at fixed prices and earning commissions, it is determined as follows:

- Enterprises entrusting goods to agents (including multi-level marketing agents) or consignees is the total sales price.

- Enterprises receiving agency or consignment sales at fixed prices specified by the entrusting enterprise is the commission earned according to the agency or consignment contract.

e) For leasing activities, it is the rental payment made by the lessee per period according to the lease contract. In cases where the lessee pays rent in advance for several years, the revenue for determining taxable income can be allocated over the number of years of advance payment or determined as a lump sum payment.

Enterprises base their accounting system conditions, actual invoices and vouchers, and cost determination, and may choose one of two methods for determining revenue for determining taxable income as follows:

- It is the annual rental income determined by dividing the advance payment by the number of years of advance payment.

- It is the total rental income for the number of years of advance payment.

In cases where enterprises are currently enjoying corporate income tax incentives and choose the method of determining revenue for determining taxable income as the total amount of rent paid in advance for several years, the determination of the amount of corporate income tax exempted or reduced annually is based on the total corporate income tax for the number of years of advance payment divided by the number of years of advance payment.

g) For credit activities and financial leasing activities, it is the loan interest and financial leasing revenue generated during the tax period.

h) For transportation activities, it is the total transportation revenue from passengers, goods, and luggage generated during the tax period.

i) For the activity of supplying electricity and clean water, it is the amount of electricity and clean water supply recorded on the value-added tax invoice. The revenue determination date for income tax calculation is the day confirming the meter reading index and recorded on the electricity and clean water billing invoice.

Example 6: The electricity bill records the meter reading from December 5 to January 5. The revenue of this invoice is calculated for January.

k) For the golf course business, it is the money from selling membership cards, golf playing tickets, and other revenues during the tax period determined as follows:

- For the form of selling daily golf playing tickets and membership cards, the revenue basis for determining corporate income tax is the amount received from selling tickets and cards generated within the tax period.

- For the form of selling multi-year prepaid membership cards, the revenue basis for determining corporate income tax for each year is the actual amount received from selling the card divided by the number of years of card usage.

l) For the insurance business, the revenue for calculating taxable income includes the total amount received from providing insurance services and other goods and services, including surcharges and additional fees without value-added tax, including:

- Revenue from insurance business operations:

For insurance and reinsurance activities, it is the amount receivable for original insurance premiums; reinsurance acceptance premiums; reinsurance ceding commissions; insurance policy management fees; agency service fees including loss assessment, claim settlement review, third-party compensation requests, and full compensation processing (excluding internal loss assessment between affiliated companies within the same independent insurance company) after deducting expenses to reduce revenue such as: refunding insurance premiums; reducing insurance premiums; refunding reinsurance acceptance premiums; reducing reinsurance acceptance premiums; refunding reinsurance ceding commissions; reducing reinsurance ceding commissions.

In cases where insurance companies participate in co-insurance, the revenue for calculating taxable income for each party is the original insurance premium receivable allocated according to the co-insurance ratio for each party excluding value-added tax.

For insurance contracts agreed to pay in installments, the revenue for calculating taxable income is the amount receivable generated in each installment period.

In cases where there are collection transactions among subsidiaries or between dependent branches and the main office of the insurance company, the revenue for calculating taxable income does not include the collected revenue portion.

- Insurance brokerage revenue: Commission income after deducting brokerage commissions, reductions, and refunds of brokerage commissions.

m) For construction and installation activities, it is the value of the project, the value of the project component, or the value of the accepted construction and installation work volume.

- In cases where construction and installation include material and equipment packages, the revenue is the amount from construction and installation activities including the value of materials and equipment.

- In cases where construction and installation do not include material and equipment packages, the revenue is the amount from construction and installation activities excluding the value of materials and equipment.

n) For business activities conducted under joint venture contracts:

- In cases where the parties to the joint venture contract divide business results based on sales revenue of goods and services, the taxable revenue is the revenue of each party divided according to the contract.

- In cases where the parties to the joint venture contract divide business results based on products, the taxable revenue is the product revenue divided for each party according to the contract.

- In cases where the parties to the joint venture contract divide business results based on pre-tax profit, the revenue for determining pre-tax income is the amount of goods and services sold according to the contract. The parties to the joint venture contract must appoint one party to represent and be responsible for issuing invoices, recording revenue, costs, and determining pre-tax profit to be divided among the participating parties. Each party to the joint venture contract shall independently fulfill its corporate income tax obligations according to current regulations.

- In cases where the parties to the joint venture contract divide business results based on post-tax profit, the revenue for determining taxable income is the amount of goods and services sold according to the contract. The parties to the joint venture contract must appoint one party to represent and be responsible for issuing invoices, recording revenue, costs, and filing and paying corporate income tax on behalf of the remaining participating parties.

o) For gaming business with rewards (casinos, electronic games with rewards, entertainment with betting), it is the amount received from this activity including special consumption tax minus the amount paid out as rewards to customers.

p) For securities trading business, it is the income from brokerage services, proprietary trading, underwriting guarantees, portfolio management, financial and investment advisory services, fund management, issuance of fund certificates, market organization services, and other securities services as prescribed by law.

q) For derivative financial services, it is the amount received from providing derivative financial services executed within the tax period.

Article 6. Deductible expenses and non-deductible expenses when determining taxable income

1. Except for the expenses listed in Clause 2 of this Article, enterprises are allowed to deduct all expenses if they meet the following conditions:

a) The expense is actually incurred in connection with the enterprise's production and business activities;

b) The expense is supported by valid invoices and legal documents as prescribed by law.

2. Non-deductible expenses when determining taxable income include:

2.1. Expenses that do not satisfy the conditions stipulated in Clause 1 of this Article.

In cases where enterprises have costs related to the value of losses due to natural disasters, epidemics, fires, and other force majeure situations that are not compensated, such expenses shall be included in deductible costs when determining taxable income, specifically as follows:

Enterprises must clearly determine the total value of losses caused by natural disasters, epidemics, fires, and other force majeure situations according to the provisions of the law.

The uncompensated value of losses due to natural disasters, epidemics, fires, and other force majeure situations is determined by subtracting the compensation paid by organizations or individuals responsible for payment according to the law from the total value of losses.

a) Documentation for assets and goods damaged by natural disasters, epidemics, fires, which are included in deductible costs, is as follows:

- A letter from the enterprise sent to the directly managing tax authority explaining the loss of assets and goods due to natural disasters, epidemics, fires.

- An inventory record of the value of assets and goods damaged by the enterprise.

The inventory record of the value of damaged assets and goods must clearly state the value of the damaged assets and goods, the cause of damage, the responsibility of organizations and individuals for the damage; types, quantities, and values of recoverable assets and goods (if any); a list of goods in stock with confirmation signed by a legitimate representative of the enterprise and legally responsible.

- A confirmation letter from the People's Committee of the commune, ward, Industrial Park Management Board, Export Processing Zone Management Board, Economic Zone Management Board where the natural disaster, epidemic, fire occurred, stating that such events occurred during that period.

- Compensation claim documents accepted by insurance agencies (if any).

- Documents specifying the responsibility of organizations and individuals required to compensate (if any).

b) Goods damaged due to expiration or changes in natural biochemical processes that are not compensated can be included in deductible costs when determining taxable income.

Documentation for goods damaged due to expiration or changes in natural biochemical processes, which are included in deductible costs, is as follows:

- A letter from the enterprise sent to the directly managing tax authority explaining the damage to goods due to expiration or changes in natural biochemical processes.

- An inventory record of the value of damaged goods by the enterprise.

The inventory record of the value of damaged goods must clearly state the value of the damaged goods, the cause of damage; types, quantities, and values of recoverable goods (if any), accompanied by a list of goods in stock with confirmation signed by a legitimate representative of the enterprise and legally responsible.

- Compensation claim documents accepted by insurance agencies (if any).

- Documents specifying the responsibility of organizations and individuals required to compensate (if any).

c) Enterprises send letters to the directly managing tax authority explaining the loss of assets and goods due to natural disasters, epidemics, fires; goods damaged due to expiration or changes in natural biochemical processes that are not compensated, at the latest when submitting the annual corporate income tax declaration form as prescribed in the year the assets and goods were lost or damaged. Other documents (including inventory records of the value of damaged assets and goods; confirmation letters from the People's Committee of the commune, ward, Industrial Park Management Board, Export Processing Zone Management Board; compensation claim documents accepted by insurance agencies (if any); documents specifying the responsibility of organizations and individuals required to compensate (if any) and other relevant materials) are kept by the enterprise and presented to the tax authority upon request.

2.2. Depreciation expenses on fixed assets fall under one of the following categories:

a) Depreciation expenses on fixed assets not used for producing and trading goods and services.

Fixed assets serving employees working at the enterprise, such as rest rooms between shifts, mid-shift dining rooms, changing rooms, toilets, medical examination and treatment rooms, training centers, vocational training facilities, and equipment and furniture installed in rest rooms between shifts, mid-shift dining rooms, changing rooms, toilets, medical examination and treatment rooms, training centers, vocational training facilities; clean water tanks, parking lots, employee transportation vehicles, direct employee housing built by the enterprise, can be depreciated and included in deductible costs when determining taxable income.

b) Depreciation expenses on fixed assets without proof of ownership by the enterprise (excluding financial lease fixed assets).

c) Depreciation expenses on fixed assets not managed, monitored, and recorded in the enterprise's accounting books according to current asset management and accounting regulations.

d) Excess depreciation beyond the current limits set by the Ministry of Finance regarding the management, use, and depreciation of fixed assets.

Enterprises must notify the directly managing tax authority of the chosen method of depreciation of fixed assets before implementing it (for example, notifying the choice of straight-line depreciation method...). Each year, enterprises independently decide the rate of depreciation of fixed assets according to the current regulations of the Ministry of Finance on the management, use, and depreciation of fixed assets, including accelerated depreciation (if conditions are met).

A business operating with high economic efficiency may deduct depreciation at a rate up to twice the straight-line depreciation method but not exceeding two times the determined depreciation amount to quickly update technology. When implementing accelerated depreciation, the business must ensure profitability.

Fixed assets contributed as capital, transferred during division, separation, consolidation, merger, conversion of business form, if re-evaluated according to regulations, the enterprise receiving such fixed assets shall deduct depreciation into deductible expenses based on the re-evaluated original cost. For other types of assets that do not meet the criteria for fixed assets when contributed, transferred during division, separation, consolidation, merger, conversion of business form, and these assets are re-evaluated according to regulations, the enterprise receiving such assets shall deduct into deductible expenses based on the re-evaluated price.

For self-made fixed assets, the original cost of the fixed asset subject to depreciation and included in deductible expenses is the total production costs incurred to form such asset.

For assets such as tools, equipment, packaging materials, etc., which do not meet the conditions to be classified as fixed assets according to regulations, the purchase cost of such assets shall be gradually allocated into production and business operation expenses within the period but not exceeding two years.

e) The portion of depreciation corresponding to the original cost exceeding VND 1.6 billion per vehicle for new passenger cars with up to nine seats registered for use and recorded for fixed asset depreciation from January 1, 2009 onwards (excluding passenger transport vehicles, tour buses, and hotel vehicles); the portion of depreciation for fixed assets being civil aircraft and yachts not used for commercial cargo transportation, passenger transportation, or tourist transportation.

Passenger cars with up to nine seats dedicated to passenger transport, tourism, and hotel operations are those registered under the name of the enterprise, where the enterprise's Certificate of Enterprise Registration or Business Registration Certificate includes one of the following business activities: passenger transport, tourism, hotel business, and has been licensed according to laws on transport, passenger transport, tourism, and hotel business.

Civil aircraft and yachts not used for commercial cargo transportation, passenger transportation, or tourist transportation are civil aircraft and yachts of enterprises that have registered and recorded fixed asset depreciation, but their Business Registration Certificate or Enterprise Registration Certificate does not include the business activity of cargo transport, passenger transport, or tourism.

g) Depreciation for fixed assets that have been fully depreciated.

h) Depreciation for construction projects on land used both for production and business operations and for other purposes shall not be deducted into deductible expenses for the value of the construction project on land corresponding to the area not used for production and business operations.

In cases where construction projects on land such as office headquarters, factories, retail stores serving production and business operations are built on leased or borrowed land from organizations, individuals, or households (not directly leasing from the state or within industrial zones), the enterprise can only deduct depreciation into deductible expenses according to the current depreciation rates for such projects set by the Ministry of Finance if they meet the following conditions:

- There is a land lease or borrowing contract between the enterprise and the land owner, and the enterprise representative must bear legal responsibility for the accuracy of the contract.

- The invoice for the construction project handover payment accompanying the construction contract, contract termination, and project settlement must be named, address, and tax code of the enterprise.

- The construction project on land must be managed, monitored, and accounted for according to the current regulations on fixed asset management.

i) In cases where fixed assets owned by the enterprise are temporarily halted due to seasonal production for less than nine months; temporarily halted for repair, relocation, regular maintenance, with a duration of less than twelve months, and then the fixed assets continue to serve production and business operations, during the temporary halt period, the enterprise can deduct depreciation, and the depreciation expense during the halt period can be included in deductible expenses when determining taxable income.

The enterprise must retain and provide complete documentation and reasons for the temporary halt of fixed assets when requested by the tax authority.

k) Long-term land use rights cannot be deducted and allocated into deductible expenses when determining taxable income; land use rights with a term, if having full invoices and certificates and complying with legal procedures, participating in production and business operations, can be gradually allocated into deductible expenses according to the permitted land use period stated in the land use right certificate.

In cases where the enterprise purchases tangible fixed assets such as buildings and structures attached to long-term land use rights, the land use value must be separately determined and recorded as intangible fixed assets; the original cost of tangible fixed assets such as buildings and structures is the actual purchase price paid plus (+) related direct costs to put the tangible fixed assets into use. The land use value is determined according to the price stated in the real estate (asset) purchase contract consistent with market prices but not lower than the land price stipulated by the Provincial People's Committee or the City People's Committee directly under the central government at the time of purchase. In cases where the enterprise purchases tangible fixed assets such as buildings and structures attached to long-term land use rights and cannot separate the land use value, the land use value is determined according to the price stipulated by the Provincial People's Committee or the City People's Committee directly under the central government at the time of purchase.

2.3. Excess raw material, material, fuel, energy, goods consumption beyond reasonable levels.

The enterprise shall independently establish and manage consumption quotas for raw materials, materials, fuels, energy, and goods used in production and business activities. These quotas shall be established at the beginning of the year or the start of each production period and kept within the enterprise while being fully presented to the tax authority upon request.

Specifically, for the main product consumption quotas of the enterprise, the enterprise shall have the responsibility to notify the directly managing tax authority within three months from the beginning of the year or three months from the start of production and business operations (for newly established enterprises or when the enterprise supplements new products that require quota notification but have not yet been notified). The list of main product consumption quotas of the enterprise shall be decided by the enterprise itself.

In cases where the enterprise adjusts or supplements the previously notified consumption quotas during its production and business operations, it must inform the directly managing tax authority. The final deadline for notifying the tax authority about adjustments or supplements to the consumption quotas is the deadline for submitting the corporate income tax settlement declaration as stipulated for the settlement year. For certain raw materials, materials, fuels, and goods for which the State has issued consumption quotas, these shall be implemented according to the State's issued quotas. If the enterprise fails to notify the tax authority of the quotas within the prescribed time limit, the tax authority may determine the costs of raw materials, materials, and goods during inspections and audits based on tax management laws.

2.4. Enterprises purchasing goods or services without invoices are permitted to prepare a Purchase Receipt Form (according to Form No. 01/TNDN attached hereto) but shall not attach a receipt form to payment vouchers for sellers or service providers in the following cases: purchasing agricultural, forestry, or aquatic products directly from producers or catchers; purchasing handcrafted products made from rattan, straw, bamboo, reed, coconut shells, coir, or recycled agricultural products from non-commercial producers; purchasing sand, gravel, or stones directly from individuals who extract them; purchasing scrap materials from individuals who collect them; purchasing used household items or personal assets directly from individuals who sell them; and certain services purchased from individuals who do not engage in commercial activities.

The Purchase Receipt Form must be signed by the legal representative or authorized person of the enterprise and they shall bear legal responsibility for the accuracy and truthfulness of the information provided. If the purchase price listed on the form exceeds the market price at the time of purchase, the tax authority shall determine the price based on the market price of similar goods or services at the time of purchase to recalculate the deductible expenses when determining taxable income.

2.5. Expenditures for wages, salaries, and bonuses paid to employees under any of the following circumstances:

a) Wages, salaries, and other payments recorded as production and business expenses in the accounting period but were not actually paid or lack the required payment documentation as stipulated by law.

b) Bonuses and life insurance premiums paid to employees that are not specifically detailed regarding eligibility conditions and amounts in any of the following documents: Employment Contracts; Collective Labor Agreements; Financial Regulations of Companies, Corporations, or Groups; Bonus Regulations established by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, General Director, or Director according to the company’s financial regulations.

- Where an employment contract between the enterprise and foreign workers includes provisions for educational expenses for the children of foreign workers studying in Vietnam up to secondary level, if such expenses are considered wages or salaries and comply with wage and salary regulations and have all required invoices and documentation, they can be included in deductible expenses when determining corporate income tax.

- Where an employment contract between the enterprise and employees includes provisions for housing expenses paid by the enterprise to employees, if such expenses are considered wages or salaries and comply with wage and salary regulations and have all required invoices and documentation, they can be included in deductible expenses when determining corporate income tax.

c) Wages, salaries, and allowances due to employees that remain unpaid beyond the deadline for submitting the annual tax settlement report, except when the enterprise has set aside a reserve fund to supplement the next year's wage fund to ensure uninterrupted wage payments and not use it for other purposes. The annual reserve amount is determined by the enterprise but shall not exceed 17% of the actual wage fund.

The actual wage fund is the total amount of wages actually paid during the settlement year up to the final submission deadline for the tax settlement report (excluding the amount reserved from the previous year's wage reserve fund used in the current tax settlement year).

Establishing a wage reserve fund must ensure that after setting aside the reserve, the enterprise does not incur losses; if the enterprise incurs losses, it cannot reserve the full 17%.

If in the previous year, the enterprise had set aside a wage reserve fund but by December 31 of the following year, the enterprise had not used or had not fully utilized the wage reserve fund, the enterprise must reduce its costs for the following year.

Example 7: When submitting the tax settlement report for 2011, Enterprise A set aside a wage reserve fund of 10 billion VND. By December 31, 2012, Enterprise A had only used 7 billion VND from the 2011 wage reserve fund, so Enterprise A must reduce its wage costs for the following year (2012) by 3 billion VND (10 billion - 7 billion). When preparing the tax settlement report for 2012, if Enterprise A needs to set aside a reserve fund again, it shall continue to do so according to the regulations.

d) Wages and remuneration of individual business owners, single-member limited liability company owners (owned by an individual); fees paid to founders, members of the board of members, board of directors who do not directly participate in production and business management.

2.6. ||| The cost of providing uniforms in kind to employees without invoices or supporting documents; the portion of uniform costs in cash or in kind exceeding five million VND per person per year.

In cases where businesses provide uniforms both in cash and in kind to employees, the maximum amount deductible for calculating taxable income shall not exceed five million VND per person per year.

For industries with specific characteristics, such costs shall be implemented according to specific regulations of the Ministry of Finance.

2.7. Rewards for inventions and improvements where the enterprise does not have a specific regulation on rewarding inventions and improvements, and does not have a verification committee for inventions and improvements.

2.8. Subsidies for transportation expenses for annual leave not in accordance with the Labor Code; the portion of subsidies for employees traveling domestically and internationally exceeding two times the prescribed level according to the guidelines of the Ministry of Finance for state civil servants and public officials.

Travel expenses and rental accommodation costs for employees on business trips, if supported by legitimate invoices and documents as stipulated, can be included in deductible expenses when determining taxable income. In cases where enterprises allocate travel and accommodation expenses to employees, the deductible expense allocation shall be in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Finance for state civil servants and public officials.

In cases where enterprises purchase airline tickets through e-commerce websites for employees on business trips to support the business's production and operation activities, the basis for deducting these expenses includes electronic air tickets, boarding passes, and payment receipts from the enterprise involving individuals in the transportation journey.

2.9. These expenditures are incorrect in terms of recipients, purposes, or exceed the prescribed limits.

a) Additional expenses for female workers that can be included in deductible costs include:

- Costs for retraining female workers in new occupations when their previous jobs are no longer suitable and they need to switch to other occupations according to the enterprise’s development plan.

This cost includes: tuition fees (if applicable) + salary grade difference (ensuring 100% of the salary for those attending training).

- Salaries and allowances (if any) for teachers working at kindergartens organized and managed by the enterprise.

- Costs for additional health check-ups during the year, such as occupational diseases, chronic illnesses, or gynecological examinations for female workers.

- Postnatal benefits for female workers after giving birth for the first or second time.

- Overtime allowances for female workers due to objective reasons preventing them from taking postnatal leave or breastfeeding leave and requiring them to continue working for the enterprise under current regulations; including situations where they are paid based on production output while still working during the required leave period.

b) Additional expenses for ethnic minority workers that can be included in deductible costs include: tuition fees (if applicable) plus salary grade differences (ensuring 100% of the salary for those attending school); housing support, social insurance, and medical insurance for ethnic minority workers who have not been supported by the State according to prescribed regulations.

2.10. The portion deducted for compulsory insurance funds for employees exceeding the prescribed limit; the portion deducted for union fees for employees exceeding the prescribed limit.

2.11. The amount set aside for the Unemployment Assistance Reserve Fund (except in cases where enterprises not required to participate in unemployment insurance under the law are permitted to establish such a reserve fund); the payment of unemployment benefits to employees not in accordance with current regulations.

2.12. Expenditure on contributions forming management costs for higher levels.

The portion contributed to the funds of Associations (such Associations established in accordance with the law) exceeding the prescribed limit of the Associations.

2.13. Payment for electricity and water charges in contracts for electricity and water between the owner leasing production and business premises and the supplier of electricity and water without sufficient supporting documents in any of the following cases:

a) In the case where the enterprise directly pays electricity and water charges to the electricity and water suppliers without an itemized list (in accordance with Form No. 02/TNDN issued together with this Circular) attached to the payment invoices for electricity and water and the lease contract for production and business premises.

b) In the case where the enterprise pays electricity and water charges to the owner leasing business premises without an itemized list (in accordance with Form No. 02/TNDN issued together with this Circular) attached to the payment receipts for electricity and water provided by the lessor of production and business premises consistent with actual consumption and the lease contract for production and business premises.

2.14. The portion of fixed asset rental expenses exceeding the allocation based on the number of years for which the lessee has prepaid rent.

Example 8: Enterprise A leases fixed assets for 4 years at a total rental cost of 400 million VND paid in one lump sum. The annual rental expense recorded is 100 million VND. Any annual rental expense exceeding 100 million VND cannot be included as a reasonable expense when determining taxable income.

For repair expenses of leased fixed assets where the lease agreement stipulates that the lessee is responsible for repairs during the lease period, such repair expenses may be recorded as expenses or gradually allocated to expenses but the maximum period shall not exceed three years.

In cases where enterprises incur expenses to acquire non-fixed assets: expenses related to purchasing and using technical documents, patents, technology transfer licenses, trademarks, business advantages... these expenses shall be gradually allocated to operating expenses but the maximum period shall not exceed three years.

2.15. The portion of interest expenses on borrowed capital for production and business activities from entities other than credit institutions or economic organizations exceeding 150% of the basic lending rate published by the State Bank of Vietnam at the time of borrowing.

2.16. Payment of interest on loans used to contribute to registered charter capital or payment of interest on loans corresponding to the shortfall in registered charter capital according to the contribution schedule stated in the company's articles of association, including cases where the enterprise has commenced production and business operations.

2.17. Establishing and using provisions for inventory write-downs, investment losses, bad debt provisions, and product warranty provisions not in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Finance for establishing provisions.

2.18. Prepaid expenses within a specified period or cycle that have not been spent or fully spent by the end of the period or cycle.

Prepaid items include: prepayment for major repairs of fixed assets according to a cycle, prepaid amounts for activities that have been recorded as revenue but still require fulfillment of obligations under the contract (including cases where enterprises engage in multi-year asset leasing with advance payments and have fully recorded all revenues in the year of receipt), and other prepaid items.

In cases where enterprises have recognized revenue for corporate income tax purposes but have not yet incurred all associated expenses, they may pre-record expenses in accordance with regulations as deductible expenses corresponding to the recognized revenue when determining corporate income taxable income. At the end of the contract, the enterprise must calculate and accurately determine the actual expenses based on valid invoices and supporting documents to adjust the expenses upward (if actual expenses exceed the pre-recorded amount) or downward (if actual expenses are less than the pre-recorded amount) in the final tax period of the contract.

For fixed assets subject to periodic maintenance, enterprises may pre-record repair expenses according to estimates as annual expenses. If the actual repair expenses exceed the estimated amount, the enterprise may include the difference as additional deductible expenses.

2.19. The portion of expenses exceeding 10% of the total deductible expenses includes: advertising, marketing, promotional, brokerage commissions; hospitality, ceremonial, conference expenses; marketing support, cost support, payment discounts; gifts and donations to media agencies directly related to production and business activities. For newly established enterprises, the portion of expenses exceeding 15% of the total deductible expenses applies for the first three years from the date of establishment. The total deductible expenses do not include the controlled expenses stipulated herein; for trading activities, the total deductible expenses do not include the purchase price of goods sold.

The controlled advertising, marketing, promotional, and brokerage commission expenses mentioned above do not include:

- Brokerage commissions for insurance as prescribed by laws on insurance business; commissions paid to sales agents for selling goods and services at the correct price.

- Commissions paid to distributors of multi-level marketing companies. Organizations receiving such commissions must declare them as taxable income; individuals receiving commissions must have personal income tax deducted before payment.

- Expenses incurred domestically or internationally (if applicable) such as: market research costs: surveys, interviews, information collection, analysis, and evaluation; development and support costs for market research; consulting fees for conducting market research, development, and support; exhibition and trade fair costs: costs for setting up booths or rooms to display products; rental costs for space to display products; material and tool costs for displaying products; transportation costs for displayed products.

- Gifts and donations given to individuals who have made contributions to the revolution, war invalids, and disabled veterans; officers and soldiers stationed on islands, remote areas, and particularly difficult regions.

The limit of 15% of deductible expenses for the first three years does not apply to newly established enterprises resulting from mergers, divisions, spin-offs, consolidations, or changes in enterprise form or ownership.

2.20. Exchange rate differences arising from revaluation of monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at year-end (excluding exchange rate differences arising from revaluation of foreign currency payables at year-end).

Exchange rate differences occurring during the construction investment process to form fixed assets shall be handled according to the Circular of the Ministry of Finance on handling exchange rate differences in enterprises.

2.21. Sponsorship expenses for education that do not comply with the objects specified in sub-item a of this point or do not have documentation confirming the sponsorship as specified in sub-item b below:

a) Sponsorship for education includes: sponsorship for public, private, and private schools under the national education system as prescribed by laws on education, where the sponsorship is not intended to contribute capital or purchase shares in these schools; sponsorship for educational facilities serving teaching, learning, and school activities; sponsorship for regular school activities; scholarships for students and trainees at secondary education institutions, vocational training institutions, and higher education institutions as prescribed by the Education Law, either directly to students and trainees or through organizations authorized to raise funds; sponsorship for competitions in subjects taught in schools where participants are learners; sponsorship to establish educational scholarship funds as prescribed by laws on education and training.

b) Documentation confirming sponsorship for education includes: A confirmation record of the sponsorship signed by the representative of the business sponsor and the legal representative of the educational institution receiving the sponsorship, students, or trainees (or organizations authorized to raise funds) receiving the sponsorship (according to Model 03/TNDN issued together with this Circular), accompanied by invoices or receipts for purchased goods (if the sponsorship is in kind) or payment vouchers (if the sponsorship is in cash).

2.22. Sponsorship expenses for healthcare that do not comply with the objects specified in sub-item a of this point or do not have documentation confirming the sponsorship as specified in sub-item b below:

a) Sponsorship for healthcare includes: sponsorship for healthcare establishments established in accordance with laws on healthcare, where the sponsorship is not intended to contribute capital or purchase shares in these hospitals or healthcare centers; sponsorship for medical equipment, medical supplies, and medicines; sponsorship for regular hospital activities; sponsorship in cash provided to patients through organizations authorized to raise funds as prescribed by laws.

b) Documentation confirming sponsorship for healthcare includes: A confirmation record of the sponsorship signed by the representative of the business sponsor and the representative of the recipient organization (or organizations authorized to raise funds) according to Model 04/TNDN issued together with this Circular, accompanied by invoices or receipts for purchased goods (if the sponsorship is in kind) or payment vouchers (if the sponsorship is in cash).

2.23. Sponsorship expenses for disaster relief that do not comply with the objects specified in sub-item a of this point or do not have documentation confirming the sponsorship as specified in sub-item b below:

a) Sponsorship for disaster relief includes: sponsorship in cash or kind provided directly to organizations established and operating in accordance with laws for disaster relief purposes; individuals affected by disasters through organizations authorized to raise funds as prescribed by laws.

b) Documentation confirming sponsorship for disaster relief includes: A confirmation record of the sponsorship signed by the representative of the business sponsor and the representative of the disaster-affected organization (or organizations authorized to raise funds) as the recipient organization (according to Model 05/TNDN issued together with this Circular), accompanied by invoices or receipts for purchased goods (if the sponsorship is in kind) or payment vouchers (if the sponsorship is in cash).

2.24. The subsidy for building benevolent houses for poor people not in accordance with the objects specified in sub-item a of this point or without the documentation to determine the subsidy as stipulated in sub-item b below:

a) The recipient of the subsidy is a poor household as defined by the Prime Minister. Form of subsidy: financial or in-kind support to build benevolent houses for poor households directly or through an organization authorized to collect donations under the law.

b) Documentation to determine the subsidy for building benevolent houses for poor people includes: A confirmation record of the subsidy signed by the representative of the sponsoring enterprise, the beneficiary (or the organization authorized to collect donations) as the recipient (in form number 06/TNDN issued together with this Circular); a poverty certificate from local authorities; accompanied by invoices and receipts for purchased goods (if the subsidy is in-kind) or payment vouchers (if the subsidy is financial).

2.25. The business management expenses allocated by foreign companies to their permanent establishments in Vietnam exceeding the amount calculated according to the following formula:

Foreign company's business management expenses allocated to their permanent establishments in Vietnam can only be counted from the date of establishment of the permanent establishment in Vietnam.

The basis for determining the expenses and revenue of foreign companies is the audited financial report of foreign companies by an independent auditing firm clearly showing the revenue of foreign companies, foreign company's management expenses, and the portion of foreign company's management expenses allocated to their permanent establishments in Vietnam.

Permanent establishments of foreign companies in Vietnam that have not implemented accounting records, invoices, and receipts; have not submitted taxes using the declaration method shall not be considered reasonable expenses for business management costs allocated by foreign companies.

2.26. Expenses compensated by other sources of funds; Expenses already paid from the enterprise's science and technology development fund.

2.27. Expenses not corresponding to taxable revenue.

In cases where enterprises actually spend on activities to prevent and control HIV/AIDS at workplaces as guided by the Ministry of Health, including: Training costs for enterprise staff on HIV/AIDS prevention and control, organizing communication activities for enterprise employees to prevent and control HIV/AIDS, fees for counseling, testing, and HIV screening, costs to support HIV-infected employees, these expenses will be included in deductible costs when determining taxable income.

2.28. Expenses related to insurance business operations, lottery sales, securities trading, and other special business activities not conducted in accordance with specific guidelines issued by the Ministry of Finance.

2.29. Administrative fines include: traffic law violations, business registration system violations, accounting and statistics system violations, tax law violations, and other administrative penalties as prescribed by law.

2.30. Costs for basic construction investment during the investment phase to form fixed assets; support for local areas; support for social organizations; charitable contributions excluding subsidies for education, healthcare, disaster relief, and building benevolent houses for poor people as specified in Points 2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24 Clause 2 of this Article; costs for purchasing golf club membership cards, golf playing fees.

When starting production and business operations, if an enterprise has incurred regular expenses to maintain its production and business activities (excluding construction investment costs to form fixed assets) and these expenses meet the conditions stipulated, such expenses may be included in deductible costs when determining taxable income.

2.31. Input VAT deducted or refunded; input VAT on fixed assets being cars with up to nine seats exceeding the prescribed limit as stipulated in laws on VAT; corporate income tax; personal income tax.

- Personal income tax not included in deductible costs when determining taxable income is the tax amount withheld by the enterprise from the income of taxpayers and remitted to the state budget. If the enterprise enters into a labor contract specifying that wages and salaries paid to employees do not include personal income tax, then the personal income tax paid by the enterprise on behalf of the employee is considered a wage expense and included in deductible costs when determining taxable income.

- Corporate income tax paid on behalf of foreign contractors (withholding tax) is included in deductible costs when determining taxable income if the contract between the contractor and subcontractor specifies that the revenue received by the foreign contractor or subcontractor does not include corporate income tax (withholding tax).

Article 7. Other Income

Other income refers to taxable income during the tax period that does not fall under the business activities recorded in the enterprise's business registration. Other income includes the following items:

1. Income from capital transfer, securities transfer as guided in Chapter IV of this Circular.

2. Income from real estate transfer as guided in Chapter V of this Circular.

3. Income from project transfer (not attached to land use rights transfer, land lease rights transfer); income from transferring the right to implement projects, transferring the right to explore, extract, process minerals as prescribed by law.

4. Income from ownership and use of assets including all payments received for ownership and use of assets in various forms such as copyright fees; income from intellectual property ownership; income from technology transfer as prescribed by law. Leasing assets in all forms.

Income from intellectual property copyright fees, technology transfer is determined by the total amount received minus (-) the cost of creating intellectual property or transferred technology, minus (-) maintenance, upgrade, development costs of intellectual property or transferred technology and other deductible expenses.

Rental income from leasing assets is determined by the revenue from leasing activities minus (-) expenses: depreciation costs, maintenance, repair, preservation costs of the asset, rental costs of the asset for leasing (if any) and other related deductible expenses.

5. Income from asset transfer, liquidation (excluding real estate), other negotiable instruments. This income is determined by (=) the revenue from asset transfer, liquidation minus (-) the remaining value of the transferred, liquidated asset recorded in accounting books at the time of transfer, liquidation and related deductible expenses.

6. Income from interest on deposits, interest on loans, credit guarantee fees, and other fees in loan contracts.

- In cases where deposit interest income, loan interest income exceeds the interest payment expenses as prescribed, the remaining difference after offsetting is included in other income when determining taxable income.

- In cases where deposit interest income, loan interest income is less than the interest payment expenses as prescribed, the remaining difference after offsetting reduces other operating income when determining taxable income.

7. Income from foreign currency sales activities: equal to the total amount received from selling foreign currencies minus (-) the total purchase price of the sold foreign currencies.

8. Exchange rate differential income, specifically determined as follows:

During the tax year, if there is an exchange rate differential arising during the period and an exchange rate differential due to revaluation of foreign currency denominated debts at the end of the fiscal year, then:

- The exchange rate differential arising during the period directly related to the main business revenue and expenses of the enterprise is included in the main business expenses or income of the enterprise. The exchange rate differential arising during the period not directly related to the main business revenue and expenses of the enterprise, if it results in a loss, it is included in the main business expenses, if it results in a gain, it is included in other income when determining taxable income.

- Gains from exchange rate differentials due to revaluation of foreign currency denominated debts at the end of the fiscal year are offset against losses from exchange rate differentials due to revaluation of foreign currency denominated debts at the end of the fiscal year. After offsetting, if there is a remaining gain, it is included in other income, if there is a remaining loss, it is included in the main business expenses when determining taxable income.

The above exchange rate differentials do not include foreign exchange rate differentials due to revaluation of year-end balances which are: cash, deposits, funds in transit, receivables with foreign currency basis.

9. Refunds of provisions (excluding refunds of inventory write-down provisions, investment loss provisions, bad debt provisions; Refunds of warranty provisions for products and goods that have been accrued but are no longer used or fully utilized; Refunds of accrued employee benefit reserve provisions).

10. Previously written-off bad debts now recovered.

11. Unidentifiable payables.

12. Income from production and business operations of previous years that were overlooked and later discovered.

13. In cases where the enterprise receives fines, compensation from the counterparty for breach of contract exceeding the expenses paid for fines, compensation for breach of contract (these penalties do not include administrative fines as prescribed by laws on administrative violations), the remaining difference after offsetting is included in other income.

In cases where the enterprise receives fines, compensation from the counterparty for breach of contract less than the expenses paid for fines, compensation for breach of contract (these penalties do not include administrative fines as prescribed by laws on administrative violations), the remaining difference after offsetting is reduced from other income. If the entity does not generate other income in the year, it can be deducted from operating income.

14. Increases due to asset revaluation according to the law for capital contribution, asset transfer when splitting, merging, consolidating, converting business types, are specifically determined as follows:

Increases due to asset revaluation (excluding land use rights) is the difference between the revalued value and the remaining value of the asset recorded in accounting books and is included once in other income in the tax period when determining corporate income tax at the enterprise with revalued assets.

The increase due to the revaluation of land use rights for reallocation when dividing, splitting, merging, consolidating, or changing the form of business enterprises; or contributing to investment projects for constructing houses and infrastructure for sale shall be included in other income in the tax period when determining corporate income tax at the enterprise with revalued land use rights.

Specifically, the increase due to the revaluation of land use rights contributed to a business for production and business activities shall be gradually included in other income of the enterprise with revalued land use rights over a maximum period not exceeding 10 years starting from the year the land use rights were contributed. The enterprise must notify the number of years the enterprise allocates to other income when submitting the tax return settlement documents for the year it starts declaring this income (the year of revaluation of land use rights for contribution). In case the contributor transfers the capital contribution before the 10-year term, the income from the capital transfer activity must be included in the income from real estate business in that period.

The difference arising from the revaluation of land use rights includes: For perpetual land use rights, it is the difference between the revalued value and the recorded value of land use rights in accounting books; for land use rights with a term, it is the difference between the revalued value and the remaining unallocated value of land use rights.

An enterprise receiving assets through capital contributions, receiving assets through reallocation when dividing, splitting, merging, consolidating, or changing the form of business enterprises may deduct depreciation or allocate gradually into expenses according to the revalued price (except for cases where the value of land use rights is not deductible or allocated into expenses as prescribed).

15. Gifts, donations in cash or in kind; income received in cash or in kind from marketing support, cost support, payment discounts, promotional rewards, and other support.

16. Compensation for fixed assets on land and relocation support after deducting related costs such as relocation costs (transportation, installation), residual value of fixed assets, and other costs (if any). Specifically, compensation for fixed assets on land and relocation support of enterprises relocating according to the planning of competent state agencies, the remaining value after deducting related costs (if any) shall be used in accordance with relevant laws.

17. Income related to the consumption of goods and provision of services not included in revenue such as: bonuses for quick ship release, service rewards in the food and hotel industry after deducting costs to generate such income.

18. Income from the sale of waste materials and by-products after deducting recovery costs and consumption costs is determined specifically as follows:

- In the case where an enterprise generates income from selling waste materials and by-products created during the production process of products enjoying corporate income tax benefits, this income shall enjoy corporate income tax benefits.

- In the case where an enterprise generates income from selling waste materials and by-products created during the production process of products not enjoying corporate income tax benefits, this income shall be included in other income and shall not be subject to corporate income tax benefits.

19. The refund of export and import taxes on goods actually exported and imported occurring in the tax settlement year shall be deducted from costs in the tax settlement year. If the refund of export and import taxes on goods actually exported and imported occurring in previous tax settlement years, it shall be included in other income of the tax settlement year. If this income is directly related to the production and business activities enjoying corporate income tax benefits, this income shall enjoy corporate income tax benefits. If this income is not directly related to the production and business activities enjoying corporate income tax benefits, this income shall be included in other income and shall not be subject to corporate income tax benefits.

20. Income from domestic joint stock, joint venture, and economic association activities divided from pre-tax corporate income.

21. Income received from the production and business of goods and services abroad.

- Vietnamese enterprises investing abroad that have income from production and business activities abroad shall declare and pay corporate income tax according to the provisions of the current Corporate Income Tax Law of Vietnam, including cases where the enterprise is currently enjoying tax exemption or reduction benefits according to the regulations of the country where the enterprise invests. The corporate income tax rate applicable to income from abroad for calculation and declaration purposes is 25%, without applying the preferential tax rate (if any) that Vietnamese enterprises investing abroad are currently enjoying under the current Corporate Income Tax Law.

The tax authority has the right to determine the taxable income from production and business activities abroad of Vietnamese enterprises investing abroad in cases of violation of the regulations on declaration and payment of taxes.

- In the case where income from foreign investment projects has already been taxed as corporate income tax (or a similar tax to corporate income tax) abroad, when calculating the corporate income tax payable in Vietnam, Vietnamese enterprises investing abroad may deduct the amount of tax paid abroad or paid on behalf by the receiving country's partner (including taxes on dividends), but the deductible tax amount shall not exceed the corporate income tax calculated according to the provisions of the Corporate Income Tax Law of Vietnam. The amount of corporate income tax exempted or reduced for the portion of profits derived from foreign investment projects according to the laws of the investing country also shall be deducted when determining the corporate income tax payable in Vietnam.

The attached documents when declaring and paying tax by Vietnamese enterprises investing abroad for income from foreign investment projects include:

+ A document from the enterprise regarding the profit distribution of the foreign investment project.

+ Financial statements of the enterprise confirmed by an independent auditing organization.

+ The corporate income tax declaration form of the enterprise belonging to the foreign investment project (a certified copy by the authorized representative of the foreign investment project).

+ Settlement records of corporate income tax for the enterprise (if any).

+ Confirmation of the tax amount paid abroad or proof of the tax amount paid abroad.

- In the case where the foreign investment project has not yet generated taxable income (or is currently generating losses), when declaring annual corporate income tax settlement, Vietnamese enterprises investing abroad only need to submit audited financial statements by an independent auditing organization or by the competent authority of the investing country and the corporate income tax declaration form of the foreign investment project (submitting one certified copy by the authorized representative of the foreign investment project and stamped by the enterprise). Losses arising from foreign investment projects cannot be deducted from domestic income when calculating corporate income tax.

- Income from foreign investment projects is declared in the corporate income tax settlement of the following fiscal year after the income is generated abroad or declared in the corporate income tax settlement of the same fiscal year with the year the income is generated abroad if the enterprise has sufficient basis and documentation to determine the income amount and the corporate income tax paid by the foreign investment project.

For income from production and business activities of foreign investment projects in countries that have signed Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements with Vietnam, Vietnamese enterprises investing abroad declare and pay tax according to the provisions of the Agreement.

22. Income received in cash or in kind from sources of sponsorship except for the sponsorship mentioned in Clause 7, Article 8.

23. Other income as prescribed by law.

Article 8. Income Exempted from Tax

1. Income from crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and aquaculture of organizations established under the Cooperative Law.

2. Income from directly providing technical services serving agriculture including: income from irrigation and drainage services; plowing and harrowing services; canal and field ditch dredging services; pest and disease control services for crops and livestock; harvesting services for agricultural products.

3. Income from implementing scientific research and technology development contracts; Income from sales revenue of products during the experimental production period and income from sales revenue of products produced using new technology first applied in Vietnam, including income from transferring emission reduction certificates (CERs). The maximum tax exemption period does not exceed one (01) year, starting from the date of beginning to implement the scientific research and technology development contract; the date of beginning experimental product production; the date of beginning to apply new technology first used in Vietnam to produce products; the date of beginning to obtain emission reduction certificates (CERs).

a) Income from implementing scientific research and technological development contracts that are exempted from tax must meet the following conditions:

- Having a registration certificate for scientific research activities;

- Confirmed by the competent state management agency for science and technology;

b) Income from sales revenue of products produced using new technology first applied in Vietnam must ensure that the new technology first applied in Vietnam is confirmed by the competent state management agency for science and technology.

c) Income from transferring emission reduction certificates (CERs) must ensure that when selling or transferring emission reduction certificates (CERs), it must be confirmed by the competent environmental authority according to regulations.

4. Income from production and business operations of goods and services of enterprises employing disabled workers, former drug addicts, and HIV-infected individuals, averaging at least thirty percent (30%) of the total average number of employees in the enterprise.

Income exempted from tax as provided in this Clause does not include other income as prescribed in Article 7 3. For discounting transferable instruments and other securities:

Enterprises eligible for tax exemption as provided in this Clause are enterprises with an average of at least twenty (20) employees and do not include enterprises operating in the financial sector or real estate business.

Enterprises with income exempted from tax as provided in this Clause must meet the following conditions:

a) For enterprises employing disabled workers (including war invalids and veterans) must have confirmation from the competent health authority regarding the number of disabled workers.

b) For enterprises employing former drug addicts must have a certificate of successful rehabilitation from detoxification centers or confirmation from the relevant competent authority.

c) For enterprises employing HIV-infected individuals must have confirmation from the competent health authority regarding the number of HIV-infected workers.

5. Income from vocational training activities specifically for ethnic minority people, persons with disabilities, children in particularly difficult circumstances, social delinquents, persons undergoing drug rehabilitation, persons who have completed drug rehabilitation, and persons infected with HIV/AIDS. In cases where the vocational training institution also includes other categories of trainees, the portion of income exempted from tax shall be determined proportionally to the number of trainees who are ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities, children in particularly difficult circumstances, social delinquents, persons undergoing drug rehabilitation, persons who have completed drug rehabilitation, and persons infected with HIV/AIDS among the total number of trainees.

The income from vocational training activities exempted from tax under this Clause must satisfy the following conditions:

- The vocational training institution must be established and operate in accordance with the provisions of guiding documents on vocational training.

- There must be a list of trainees who are ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities, children in particularly difficult circumstances, social delinquents, persons undergoing drug rehabilitation, persons who have completed drug rehabilitation, and persons infected with HIV/AIDS.

6. Income distributed from capital contribution, share purchase, joint venture, and economic cooperation with domestic enterprises, after the receiving party has paid corporate income tax according to the Corporate Income Tax Law, including cases where the receiving party is exempted or granted tax reduction on corporate income tax.

Example 9: Enterprise B receives capital contribution from Enterprise A. Pre-tax income corresponding to the portion of capital contributed by Enterprise A in Enterprise B is 100 million VND.

- Case 1: Enterprise B does not enjoy preferential corporate income tax treatment and Enterprise B has fully paid corporate income tax including the income received by Enterprise A, then the income that Enterprise A receives from the capital contribution activity is 75 million VND [(100 million - (100 million x 25%)], Enterprise A is exempted from corporate income tax on this amount of 75 million VND.

- Case 2: Enterprise B enjoys a 50% reduction in corporate income tax payable and Enterprise B has fully paid corporate income tax including the income received by Enterprise A according to the reduced tax amount, then the income that Enterprise A receives from the capital contribution activity is 87.5 million VND [100 million - (100 million x 25% x 50%)], Enterprise A is exempted from corporate income tax on this amount of 87.5 million VND.

- Case 3: If Enterprise B is exempted from corporate income tax, then the income that Enterprise A receives from the capital contribution activity is 100 million VND, Enterprise A is exempted from corporate income tax on this amount of 100 million VND.

7. Grants received to be used for educational, scientific research, cultural, artistic, charitable, humanitarian, and other social activities in Vietnam.

In cases where the organization receiving grants uses such grants for purposes other than those intended, the organization receiving grants must pay corporate income tax at a rate of 25% on the amount of grants used for unintended purposes.

Organizations receiving grants as stipulated in this Clause must be established and operate in accordance with the law, and comply with legal regulations on accounting and statistics.

Article 9. Determination of Losses and Carryforward of Losses

1. Losses arising during the tax period are the negative difference in taxable income.

2. After finalizing the tax payment, if a business incurs losses, it must carry forward the entire amount continuously to the taxable income of subsequent years. The continuous carryforward period shall not exceed five years, starting from the year following the year in which the loss occurred.

Businesses temporarily carry forward losses to the quarterly taxable income of the following year upon filing provisional quarterly tax returns, and officially carry forward them to the annual taxable income of the following year upon filing the annual final tax return.

Example 10: In 2011, Company A incurred a loss of 10 billion VND, and in 2012, Company A generated a taxable income of 12 billion VND. Therefore, Company A must carry forward the entire 10 billion VND loss from 2011 to the taxable income of 2012.

Example 11: In 2011, Company B incurred a loss of 20 billion VND, and in 2012, Company B generated a taxable income of 15 billion VND. Then:

+ Company B must carry forward the entire 15 billion VND loss to the taxable income of 2012;

+ The remaining 5 billion VND loss must be carried forward continuously according to the principle of carrying forward losses from 2011 mentioned above into subsequent years, but not exceeding five years, starting from the year following the year in which the loss occurred.

- If a business has losses between quarters within the same fiscal year, it may offset the losses of previous quarters against subsequent quarters of the same fiscal year. When finalizing corporate income tax, the business determines the total loss for the year and carries forward the entire loss continuously into the taxable income of subsequent years following the provisions mentioned above.

- The business itself determines the amount of loss to be deducted from taxable income according to the aforementioned principle. In cases where additional losses occur during the carryforward period, these new losses (excluding losses carried over from previous periods) will be carried forward continuously and entirely, not exceeding five years, starting from the year following the year in which the loss occurred.

If the competent authority identifies a different amount of loss that can be carried forward compared to the amount determined by the business when reviewing or auditing the finalization of corporate income tax, the amount of loss to be carried forward will be determined based on the audit conclusion, ensuring continuous and full carryforward not exceeding five years, starting from the year following the year in which the loss occurred, as stipulated.

Beyond the five-year period starting from the year following the year in which the loss occurred, any uncarried-forward losses will not be allowed to be carried forward into subsequent years' income.

3. When a business changes its organizational form, ownership structure (including transferring or selling state-owned enterprises), merges, consolidates, splits, dissolves, or goes bankrupt, it must settle taxes with the tax authority up to the date of the decision to change the organizational form, ownership structure, merger, consolidation, split, dissolution, or bankruptcy issued by the competent authority. Losses incurred before such changes, mergers, or consolidations must be tracked in detail according to the year they were incurred and offset against the taxable income of the same year of the post-change, merged, or consolidated business, or continued to be carried forward into the taxable income of subsequent years of the post-change, merged, or consolidated business to ensure the principle of continuous carryforward not exceeding five years, starting from the year following the year in which the loss occurred.

Article 10. Establishment of a Science and Technology Development Fund for Enterprises

1. An enterprise established and operating in accordance with Vietnamese law may allocate up to 10% of its taxable income annually before calculating corporate income tax to establish a Science and Technology Development Fund for the enterprise. The enterprise shall determine the amount to be allocated to the Science and Technology Development Fund in accordance with regulations prior to calculating corporate income tax. Annually, if the enterprise has established a Science and Technology Development Fund, it must prepare a report on the allocation and use of the Science and Technology Development Fund and declare the allocation amount and the amount allocated on the corporate income tax return. The report on the use of the Science and Technology Development Fund must be submitted together with the corporate income tax return.

2. Within five years from the date of allocation, if the Science and Technology Development Fund is not used or is not used up to 70%, or is used for purposes other than intended, the enterprise must pay to the state budget the corporate income tax calculated on the portion of income that was allocated to the fund but not used or used for purposes other than intended, along with the interest generated from such corporate income tax.

The amount used for purposes other than intended shall not be included in the total amount used for the purpose of developing science and technology.

- The corporate income tax rate used to calculate the amount of tax to be recovered is the rate applicable to the enterprise during the period of allocating the fund.

- The interest rate applied to the recovered tax amount due to unused portions of the fund is the government bond interest rate for a one-year term applicable at the time of recovery, and the interest calculation period is two years.

3. The Science and Technology Development Fund for enterprises can only be used for investment in scientific research and technological development within Vietnam. Expenditures from the Science and Technology Development Fund must be supported by valid invoices and receipts in accordance with the law.

4. Enterprises shall not include expenditures from the Science and Technology Development Fund in their production and business operation costs when determining taxable income for the tax period. In cases where an enterprise invests in scientific research and technological development from the Science and Technology Development Fund and the expenditure is insufficient, the difference between the actual expenditure and the amount allocated to the fund will be included in the production and business operation costs when determining taxable income.

5. For enterprises undergoing changes in ownership form, mergers, or consolidations, the newly established enterprise resulting from such changes shall inherit and be responsible for managing and using the Science and Technology Development Fund of the enterprise prior to the change, merger, or consolidation.

If an enterprise has a Science and Technology Development Fund that has not been fully utilized upon division or separation, the newly established enterprise resulting from such division or separation shall inherit and be responsible for managing and using the Science and Technology Development Fund of the enterprise prior to division or separation. The division of the Science and Technology Development Fund shall be decided by the enterprise and registered with the tax authority.

Article 11. Corporate Income Tax Rate

1. The corporate income tax rate is 25%, except for cases specified in Clause 2 of this Article and cases where preferential tax rates are applied.

2. The corporate income tax rate for activities related to oil and gas exploration, development, and exploitation in Vietnam ranges from 32% to 50%. Based on the location of exploitation, exploitation conditions, and the reserves of the enterprise's investment projects for oil and gas exploration, development, and exploitation, the enterprise must submit project investment files to the Ministry of Finance for presentation to the Prime Minister to decide the specific tax rate for each project and business entity.

The corporate income tax rate for activities related to rare mineral resource exploration, development, and exploitation (excluding oil and gas) is set at 50%; In cases where rare mineral resources have 70% or more of their area located in special economic and social hardship areas listed in the preferential corporate income tax area directory issued together with Decree No. 124/2008/NĐ-CP dated December 11, 2008 of the Government, the corporate income tax rate is 40%.

Rare minerals referred to in this clause include platinum, gold, silver, tin, tungsten, antimony, precious stones, and rare earths.

Chapter III

PLACE OF TAX PAYMENT

Article 12. Principles for Determining Place of Payment

Enterprises pay taxes at the place where their headquarters is located. In cases where enterprises have production bases (including processing and assembly facilities) that operate independently in provinces or centrally-administered cities other than the province or city where the enterprise's headquarters is located, the tax payable is calculated and paid both at the headquarters and at the production base.

The allocation of the amount of tax payable as stipulated in this clause does not apply to cases where enterprises have construction projects, project components, or construction bases that operate independently.

Article 13. Determination of Tax Payable Amount

The amount of corporate income tax payable at the province or centrally-administered city where the independent production base is located is determined by multiplying the corporate income tax payable for the period by (x) the ratio of the costs of the independent production base to the total costs of the enterprise.

The cost ratio is determined by the ratio of the total costs of the independent production base to the total costs of the enterprise. The cost ratio is determined as follows:

Data for determining the cost ratio is based on the final accounts of corporate income tax of the enterprise in the preceding year adjacent to the tax calculation year, which the enterprise determines as the basis for calculating the tax payable and uses for declaring and paying corporate income tax for subsequent years.

For enterprises currently operating with independent production bases in different regions, data for determining the cost ratio of the headquarters and independent production bases is determined by the enterprise based on the final accounts of corporate income tax of the enterprise in 2008, and this ratio is used consistently from 2009 onwards.

For newly established enterprises, or for enterprises currently operating that establish or reduce independent production bases in different regions, the enterprise must determine the cost ratio for the first tax calculation period for these cases. From the next tax calculation period, the cost ratio is determined according to the principles stated above.

Independent accounting units of enterprises with industry-wide accounting that generate income outside of their main business operations shall pay taxes at the province or centrally-administered city where such production and business activities occur.

Chapter IV

INCOME FROM TRANSFER OF CAPITAL, SECURITIES TRANSFER

Article 14. Income from Capital Transfer

1. Scope of Application:

Income from capital transfer of a business is income obtained from transferring part or all of the capital that the business has invested in one or more organizations or individuals (including the case of selling the entire business). The time of capital transfer is the time when ownership rights over the capital are transferred.

In cases where a business transfers capital without receiving payment but instead receives assets or other material benefits (such as shares, fund certificates...), which generate income, such income must be subject to corporate income tax. The value of the asset, share, fund certificate... shall be determined based on the market price of the product at the time of receiving the asset.

2. Basis for Tax Calculation:

a) Taxable income from capital transfer is determined as follows:

Where:

- The transfer price is determined as the actual total value received by the transferring party according to the transfer contract.

In cases where the capital transfer contract stipulates installment or deferred payment, the revenue of the transfer contract does not include interest on installments or deferred payments as specified in the contract.

In cases where the transfer contract does not specify a payment price or the tax authority has grounds to determine that the payment price is not consistent with the market price, the tax authority has the right to inspect and set the transfer price. If a business transfers part of its capital contribution and the transfer price for this portion of the capital contribution is not consistent with the market price, the tax authority may reset the entire value of the business at the time of transfer to determine the corresponding transfer price based on the proportion of the transferred capital contribution.

The basis for setting the transfer price is based on the investigation materials of the tax authority or the transfer prices of similar cases at the same time, in the same economic organization, or similar transfer contracts at the time of transfer. In cases where the tax authority's determination of the transfer price is inconsistent, it can be based on the valuation of professional organizations authorized to determine the transfer price at the time of transfer according to regulations.

- The purchase price of the transferred capital is determined as follows for each case:

+ If it is the transfer of capital contribution to establish a business, the purchase price is the value of the capital contribution based on accounting books, files, and vouchers at the time of capital transfer, confirmed by the parties involved in the capital investment or joint venture contract, or the audit result of an independent auditing company for a wholly foreign-owned enterprise.

+ If it is capital acquired through acquisition, the purchase price is the value of the capital at the time of acquisition, determined based on the acquisition contract and payment vouchers.

In cases where a business uses foreign currency for accounting (approved by the Ministry of Finance) and transfers capital contributions in foreign currency, the transfer price and the purchase price of the transferred capital are determined in foreign currency; in cases where a business uses Vietnamese dong for accounting and transfers capital contributions in foreign currency, the transfer price must be determined in Vietnamese dong based on the average transaction rate in the inter-bank foreign exchange market published by the State Bank of Vietnam at the time of transfer.

- Transfer costs are actual expenses directly related to the transfer, supported by legal invoices and receipts. In cases where transfer costs occur abroad, the original documents must be certified by a notary or independent auditor in the country where the costs occurred and translated into Vietnamese (with confirmation by an authorized representative).

Transfer costs include: costs for necessary legal procedures for the transfer; fees and taxes payable when handling transfer procedures; transaction, negotiation, and contract signing costs, and other costs supported by proof.

Example 12: Business A contributes 4 trillion VND including 3.2 trillion VND for factory buildings and 800 billion VND in cash to establish a joint venture producing toilet paper. Then, Business A transfers the aforementioned capital contribution to Business B for 5.5 trillion VND. The capital contribution of Business A on the accounting books at the time of transfer is 4 trillion VND, and the costs related to the capital transfer are 700 billion VND. The taxable income from the capital transfer in this case is 800 billion VND (5.5 trillion - 4 trillion - 700 billion).

b) When a business has income from capital transfer, this income is considered other income and declared as taxable income when calculating corporate income tax.

c) For foreign organizations operating or earning income in Vietnam but not operating under the Investment Law and the Enterprise Law (collectively referred to as foreign contractors) engaging in capital transfer activities, they shall declare, withhold, and pay the corporate income tax due as follows:

The organization or individual receiving the capital transfer is responsible for determining, declaring, withholding, and paying on behalf of the foreign organization the corporate income tax due. In cases where the recipient of the capital transfer is also a foreign organization not operating under the Investment Law and the Enterprise Law, the Vietnamese-established enterprise where the foreign organizations invest capital is responsible for declaring and paying on behalf of the corporate income tax due from the foreign organization's capital transfer activities.

The declaration and payment of tax shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of legal documents governing tax administration.

Article 15. Income from the Transfer of Securities

1. Scope of application:

The income from the transfer of securities of a business entity is the income derived from the transfer of shares, bonds, fund certificates, and other types of securities as prescribed.

In the case where a Joint Stock Company issues additional shares to raise capital, the difference between the issue price and the par value shall not be included in the taxable income for corporate income tax calculation.

In the case where a Joint Stock Company carries out division, split, merger, or consolidation and exchanges shares at the time of division, split, merger, or consolidation, if such actions generate income, this income must be subject to corporate income tax.

In the case where a business entity transfers securities and receives assets or material benefits other than money (such as shares, fund certificates, etc.), and if such transactions generate income, they must be subject to corporate income tax. The value of the asset, shares, fund certificates, etc., is determined based on the market selling price of the product at the time of receiving the asset.

2. Basis for Tax Calculation:

Taxable income from the transfer of securities in a period is calculated by subtracting the purchase price of the transferred securities and related transfer costs from the selling price of the securities.

- The selling price of the securities is determined as follows:

+ For listed securities and unlisted securities of public companies that have registered for trading at the securities trading center, the selling price of the securities is the actual selling price (matching price or negotiated price) according to the announcement of the Securities Trading Center.

+ For securities of companies not falling under the above cases, the selling price of the securities is the transfer price recorded in the transfer agreement.

- The purchase price of the securities is determined as follows:

+ For listed securities and unlisted securities of public companies that have registered for trading at the securities trading center, the purchase price of the securities is the actual purchase price (matching price or negotiated price) according to the announcement of the Securities Trading Center.

+ For securities purchased through auction, the purchase price of the securities is the price recorded in the auction result announcement of the organization conducting the share auction and the payment receipt.

+ For securities not falling under the above cases, the purchase price of the securities is the transfer price recorded in the transfer agreement.

- Transfer costs are actual expenses directly related to the transfer, supported by legal receipts and invoices.

Transfer costs include: costs for necessary legal procedures for the transfer; fees and charges payable when processing the transfer procedures; securities deposit fees as stipulated by the State Securities Commission and receipts from the securities company; agency fees for securities based on receipts from the entrusted unit; transaction, negotiation, contract signing costs, and other costs supported by evidence.

If a business entity has income from the transfer of securities, this income shall be classified as other income and declared as taxable income when calculating corporate income tax.

Chapter V

INCOME FROM THE TRANSFER OF REAL ESTATE

Article 16. Taxpayers

1. Enterprises subject to income tax from real estate transfer transactions include: enterprises of all economic sectors and industries with income from real estate transfer activities; real estate trading enterprises with income from land leasing activities.

2. Income from real estate transfer activities includes: income from transferring land use rights, land lease rights (including projects attached to the transfer of land use rights and land lease rights as prescribed by law); income from land leasing activities of real estate trading enterprises as prescribed by the Law on Land without distinction whether there is infrastructure or architectural works attached to the land; income from transferring houses and construction works attached to the land, including assets attached to such houses and construction works if their value is not separately priced at the time of transfer, regardless of whether there is a transfer of land use rights or land lease rights; income from transferring assets attached to the land; income from transferring ownership or usage rights of housing.

Income from land leasing activities of real estate trading enterprises does not include cases where enterprises only lease houses, infrastructure, and architectural works on the land.

Article 17. Basis for Tax Calculation

The basis for calculating income tax from real estate transfers is taxable income and tax rate.

Taxable income equals income subject to tax minus losses from previous years' real estate transfer activities (if any).

1. Taxable income.

Income subject to tax from real estate transfers is determined by deducting the cost of real estate and related transfer expenses from the revenue generated from real estate transfer activities.

a) Revenue from real estate transfer activities.

a.1) Revenue from real estate transfer activities is determined based on the actual transfer price of real estate according to the real estate transfer or sale contract in compliance with the law (including additional charges and fees if applicable).

In case the land transfer price according to the real estate transfer or sale contract is lower than the land price set by the People's Committee of the province or centrally-administered city at the time of signing the real estate transfer contract, it shall be calculated based on the land price set by the People's Committee of the province or centrally-administered city at the time of signing the real estate transfer contract.

- The time for determining taxable revenue is the time when the seller delivers the real estate to the buyer, irrespective of whether the buyer has registered ownership rights or land use rights with the competent state agency.

- In case an enterprise receives advance payments from customers for land transfer or leasing under investment projects for infrastructure, houses for transfer or leasing, the time for determining provisional corporate income tax revenue is the time of receiving payment from customers, specifically:

+ If the enterprise receives customer payments and can identify corresponding costs for recorded revenue (including pre-drawn costs for unfinished project items corresponding to recorded revenue), the enterprise declares and pays provisional corporate income tax based on revenue minus costs.

+ If the enterprise receives customer payments but cannot identify corresponding costs for recorded revenue, the enterprise declares provisional corporate income tax at a rate of 1% on received revenue, which is not included in the taxable revenue for corporate income tax in the year.

+ When delivering real estate, the enterprise recalculates the corporate income tax payable. If the provisional corporate income tax paid is less than the tax payable, the enterprise must pay the remaining tax to the State Budget. If the provisional corporate income tax paid exceeds the tax payable, the enterprise may offset the excess tax against the corporate income tax payable in the next period or have the excess tax refunded.

a.2) Revenue for calculating taxable income in certain cases is determined as follows:

- In case an enterprise leases land, the revenue for calculating taxable income is the amount paid by the lessee according to the lease contract. If the lessee pays rent in advance for multiple years, the revenue for calculating taxable income can be allocated over the number of years of advance payment or determined based on a lump-sum payment. The option for a lump-sum payment can only be chosen when the enterprise ensures its financial obligations to the State and fulfills its obligations to lessees throughout the lease term.

In cases where enterprises are currently enjoying corporate income tax incentives and choose the method of determining revenue for determining taxable income as the total amount of rent paid in advance for several years, the determination of the amount of corporate income tax exempted or reduced annually is based on the total corporate income tax for the number of years of advance payment divided by the number of years of advance payment.

In case before 2012, an enterprise leased land and received advance payments for multiple years, and determined taxable revenue through allocation over the number of years of advance payment, if the enterprise still has remaining lease terms in 2012, it may choose to allocate taxable revenue annually or determine it based on a lump-sum payment for the remaining lease term.

- In case a credit organization receives the value of land use rights as collateral to replace the fulfillment of secured obligations if there is a transfer of land use rights as collateral for a loan, the revenue for calculating taxable income is the agreed transfer price of land use rights.

- In case land use rights are seized as collateral for enforcement, the revenue for calculating taxable income is the agreed transfer price of land use rights between the parties or the price determined by the Valuation Board.

Determination of revenue for the cases mentioned in sub-item a2 must comply with the principles stated in sub-item a1 of this point.

b) Costs of real estate transfer:

b.1) Principles for determining costs:

- The deductible expenses for determining the taxable income from real estate transfer activities during the tax period must correspond to the revenue used to calculate the taxable income.

- In cases where an investment project is completed in phases and transferred gradually according to the completion progress, common costs used for the project and direct costs used for the completed portion of the project shall be allocated based on the land transfer area to determine the taxable income of the transferred land area; including: internal road construction costs; green space costs; water supply and drainage system construction costs; electricity substation costs; compensation costs for assets on the land; Compensation, support, resettlement costs and organization implementation costs for land clearance and compensation approved by competent authorities that have not yet been deducted from the land use fee, land lease fee according to the regulations on land use fee collection, land lease fee collection, land use fee, land lease fee payable to the State budget, other costs invested on land related to land use rights transfer, land lease rights transfer.² The allocation of these costs shall be carried out according to the following formula:

Costs allocated to the transferred land area

In cases where a business has long-term infrastructure construction activities spanning multiple years and only settles the value of the infrastructure when all work is completed, when consolidating the real estate transfer costs for the transferred land area, the business may temporarily allocate actual infrastructure investment costs according to the ratio of the transferred land area using the above formula and pre-deduct corresponding infrastructure construction costs according to recognized revenue when determining taxable income. After completing the infrastructure construction process, the business will recalculate and adjust the temporarily allocated and pre-deducted infrastructure investment costs for the transferred area to match the total infrastructure value. If additional tax is paid due to adjustments compared to the required real estate transfer income tax, the business may deduct the excess tax from the next tax period's tax liability or be refunded according to current regulations; if the tax already paid is insufficient, the business is responsible for paying the remaining tax according to the regulations.

b.2) Deductible real estate transfer costs include:

- The cost of land transfer rights is determined in accordance with the origin of land use rights, specifically as follows:

+ For state-granted land with land use fees and land lease fees, the cost is the actual amount of land use fees and land lease fees paid to the state budget;

+ For land acquired from other organizations or individuals, it is based on the contract and legal payment vouchers when acquiring land use rights or land lease rights; in cases without contracts or legal payment vouchers, the cost is calculated according to the price set by the provincial or centrally-administered municipal People's Committee at the time the business acquires the real estate transfer;

+ For land with a capital contribution origin, the cost is the value of land use rights or land lease rights recorded in the asset valuation document at the time of capital contribution;

+ In cases where a business exchanges a construction project for state-owned land, the cost is determined according to the value of the exchanged project, except in cases where specific regulations of competent state agencies apply;

+ The auction price in cases of land use right or land lease right auctions;

+ For land of businesses with origins from inheritance under civil law; received, given, or gifted without determining the cost, it is determined according to the prices of various types of land decided by the provincial or centrally-administered municipal People's Committee based on the framework price of various types of land prescribed by the Government at the time of inheritance, receipt, gift, or grant;

For land inherited, received, given, or gifted before 1994, the cost is determined according to the prices of various types of land decided by the provincial or centrally-administered municipal People's Committee in 1994 based on the framework price of various types of land prescribed in Decree No. 87/CP dated August 17, 1994 of the Government;

+ For mortgaged land guaranteeing loans or land seized as security for enforcement, the cost of the land is determined according to specific circumstances as guided in the points mentioned above;

- Land damage compensation costs.

- Crop damage compensation costs.

- Resettlement compensation, support costs, and organization implementation costs for compensation, support, and resettlement as prescribed by law.

These compensation, damage, support, resettlement costs, and organization implementation costs for compensation, support, and resettlement, if not accompanied by invoices, shall be recorded in a detailed list indicating: name; address of the recipient; compensation and support amounts; signature of the recipient and confirmed by the local authority of the commune or ward where the land is being compensated or supported according to the legal regulations on compensation, support, and resettlement when the state reclaims land.

- Fees and charges related to land use right issuance as prescribed by law.

- Land improvement costs, site leveling costs.

- Infrastructure construction costs such as roads, electricity, water supply, drainage, telecommunications...

- Value of infrastructure and architectural structures on the land.

- Other costs related to the transferred real estate.

In cases where a business engages in multiple industries, separate accounting for each activity's costs is required. If individual activity costs cannot be separately accounted for, common costs shall be allocated according to the ratio of revenue from real estate transfers to the total revenue of the business.

In cases where an enterprise engages in multiple different business activities, it must separately account for each activity's expenses. Where it is not possible to separately account for the expenses of each activity, the common expenses shall be allocated in proportion to the ratio between revenue from the transfer of real estate and the total revenue of the enterprise.

The costs that have been paid by the State or financed from other sources shall not be included in the transfer expenses of real estate.

2. The corporate income tax rate for the activity of transferring real estate is 25%.

3. Determining the amount of corporate income tax payable:

The corporate income tax payable during the tax period for the activity of transferring real estate equals the taxable income from the activity of transferring real estate multiplied (x) by the tax rate of 25%.

Income from transferring real estate must be determined separately for tax declaration and payment. The preferential tax rate; exemption and reduction periods provided for in Chapter VI of this Circular shall not apply to income from the activity of transferring real estate.

In cases where the activity of transferring real estate results in a loss, such loss shall not be offset against income from production and business activities and other income but may be carried forward to offset against taxable income from the activity of transferring real estate in subsequent years (if any). The maximum carryforward period shall not exceed five consecutive years, starting from the year following the year in which the loss occurred.

Tax declaration documents, tax payment documents, and tax payment receipts arising from the transfer of real estate at the location of the transferred real estate shall serve as the basis for finalizing tax settlement procedures at the main office location.

4. Where a credit institution receives the value of real estate as collateral for a loan to replace the fulfillment of secured obligations, upon being permitted to transfer the real estate according to the provisions of the law, the credit institution must declare and pay corporate income tax from the activity of transferring real estate to the State Budget. In cases where the real estate collateral is auctioned off, the proceeds shall be used for repayment according to the Government's regulations on securing loans for credit institutions, and tax declaration and payment shall be made in accordance with the regulations. After settling the aforementioned amounts, the remaining funds shall be returned to the businesses that mortgaged the real estate to secure the loan.

Where a credit institution is permitted to transfer mortgaged real estate according to the law to recover capital, if the cost basis of the real estate cannot be determined, it shall be calculated as the loan principal due under the mortgage contract plus unpaid interest up to the time of forced sale of the mortgaged real estate under the credit agreement, plus any transfer-related expenses supported by valid invoices and receipts.

5. Where an enforcement agency auctions off real estate as collateral for enforcement, the proceeds shall be handled in accordance with the Government's Decree on Seizure and Auction of Land Use Rights to Secure Enforcement. The entity authorized to auction the real estate shall declare and deduct the corporate income tax from the transfer of real estate and pay it into the State Budget. On the relevant documents, it shall clearly state the declaration and payment of tax on behalf of the sale of enforcement collateral.

Where an enforcement agency transfers real estate as enforcement collateral, if the cost basis of the real estate cannot be determined, it shall be calculated as the debt amount specified in the court decision for enforcement plus any transfer-related expenses supported by valid invoices and receipts.

Chapter VI

TAX INCENTIVES FOR CORPORATE INCOME TAX

Article 18. Conditions and Principles for Applying Corporate Income Tax Incentives

1. Conditions for Applying Corporate Income Tax Incentives: Corporate income tax incentives shall only be applicable to enterprises that comply with accounting records, invoices, and documents as prescribed and declare and pay corporate income tax according to their declarations.

2. Principles for Applying Corporate Income Tax Incentives

a) During the period when enjoying corporate income tax incentives, if an enterprise engages in multiple production and business activities, the enterprise must separately account for income from production and business activities benefiting from corporate income tax incentives (including preferential tax rates, tax exemptions, and tax reductions) and income from non-benefiting production and business activities for separate tax declaration and payment.

If during the tax period, an enterprise does not separately account for income from production and business activities benefiting from tax incentives and income from non-benefiting production and business activities, the income from tax-benefited production and business activities will be determined by multiplying the total taxable income (excluding other income) by the percentage ratio of revenue or deductible expenses from tax-benefited production and business activities to the total revenue or total deductible expenses of the enterprise during the tax period.

b) New enterprises established from investment projects eligible for corporate income tax incentives are those registering for business for the first time, except in the following cases:

b.1) Enterprises established in cases of division, separation, merger, or consolidation as provided by law.

b.2) Enterprises established due to changes in business form or ownership (including cases where new enterprises are established but continue the business operations of old enterprises in terms of assets, business locations, business fields, etc.).

b.3) Newly established private enterprises or limited liability companies where the business owner is an individual business operator and there has been no change in the previous business field.

b.4) Newly established private enterprises, general partnerships, limited liability companies, joint-stock companies, or cooperatives where the legal representative is the person with the highest capital contribution who has participated in business operations as a legal representative, partner, or person with the highest capital contribution in currently operating or dissolved enterprises but less than twelve months have passed since the dissolution of the old enterprise to the establishment of the new enterprise.

An investment project is a set of proposals for medium and long-term capital investment to carry out investment activities as prescribed by laws on investment.

For new enterprises established from domestic investment projects with an investment capital scale under fifteen (15) billion Vietnamese dong and not included in the List of Investment Fields Subject to Conditions, the documentation to confirm the investment project is the business registration certificate.

For new enterprises established from domestic investment projects with an investment capital scale from fifteen (15) billion Vietnamese dong to under three hundred (300) billion Vietnamese dong and not included in the List of Investment Fields Subject to Conditions, investors must follow procedures to register investments according to the model at provincial-level state management agencies for investment.

3. Corporate income tax incentives for new enterprises established from investment projects apply only to income from production and business activities meeting the conditions for investment incentives recorded in the initial business registration certificate of the enterprise. For enterprises already engaged in production and business activities, if there is a change in the business registration certificate but such change does not affect the fulfillment of the tax incentive conditions as prescribed, the enterprise continues to enjoy tax incentives for the remaining period. Enterprises currently operating that supplement business fields or expand business scales (installing new production lines, expanding scale, etc.) will not benefit from corporate income tax incentives for income from these supplementary business fields or expanded business scales.

4. For new enterprises established from investment projects in areas with investment incentives, if they generate income from production and business activities both within and outside the investment incentive area, the enterprise must separately calculate income from production and business activities within the investment incentive area to enjoy corporate income tax incentives.

5. Within the same tax period, if an enterprise has income subject to different preferential corporate income tax rates and periods of tax exemption or reduction, the enterprise may choose the most advantageous tax incentive condition.

6. During the period of enjoying corporate income tax incentives, if an enterprise fails to meet any of the tax incentive conditions stipulated in this Circular in a given tax year, the enterprise will not enjoy tax incentives for that tax year and must pay corporate income tax at the rate of twenty-five percent (25%).

7. If during the same tax period, an enterprise generates losses from business activities benefiting from tax incentives, income from non-benefiting business activities, or other income from business activities (excluding income from real estate transfer, project transfer (not tied to land use rights or land lease rights); income from project implementation rights transfer, mineral exploration, exploitation, and processing rights transfer as prescribed by law), the enterprise may offset these against taxable income from profitable business activities chosen by the enterprise.

In cases where the enterprise was incurring losses during previous tax periods (if still within the loss carryforward period), the enterprise must transfer losses corresponding to each income-generating activity. If the enterprise cannot separately identify the losses of each activity, the enterprise shall first transfer the losses into the income from activities enjoying corporate income tax incentives. Any remaining losses shall then be transferred into the income from activities not enjoying such incentives (excluding income from real estate transfer activities, project transfer activities (not tied to land use rights transfer or land lease rights transfer); income from transferring project implementation rights, exploration, exploitation, and processing of mineral rights as prescribed by law). After transferring losses according to the aforementioned principle, if the enterprise still incurs losses and generates profits from different business activities (excluding income from real estate transfer activities, project transfer activities (not tied to land use rights transfer or land lease rights transfer); income from transferring project implementation rights, exploration, exploitation, and processing of mineral rights as prescribed by law), the enterprise may offset these against the taxable income from income-generating activities. The remaining income after offsetting will be subject to the corporate income tax rate applicable to the remaining income-generating activities.

Example 13: In the 2012 tax period, Enterprise A incurred:

- A loss of 1 billion VND from software production activities eligible for tax incentives.

- A profit of 1 billion VND from computer sales activities not eligible for tax incentives.

- A profit of 2 billion VND from securities transfer activities (other income from business operations).

In this case, Enterprise A may choose to offset the loss from software production activities against either the profit from computer sales activities or the profit from securities transfer activities; the remaining income will be subject to corporate income tax at the applicable rate for the remaining income-generating activities.

Cụ thể: Bù trừ lỗ 1 tỷ đồng sản xuất phần mềm với lãi 1 tỷ đồng của hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính hoặc hoạt động chuyển nhượng chứng khoán.

=> DN còn thu nhập là 2 tỷ đồng và phải nộp thuế TNDN với mức thuế suất 25% (2 tỷ đồng x 25%).

Ví dụ 14: Trong kỳ tính thuế năm 2012, DN B có phát sinh:

- Lãi từ hoạt động sản xuất phần mềm được ưu đãi thuế là 2 tỷ đồng (hoạt động này đang áp dụng thuế suất thuế TNDN 10%).

- Lãi từ hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính không thuộc diện ưu đãi thuế là 2 tỷ đồng.

- Lỗ từ hoạt động kinh doanh chứng khoán (thu nhập khác của hoạt động kinh doanh) là 1 tỷ đồng.

Kỳ tính thuế năm 2011, DN B có lỗ từ hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính là 1 tỷ đồng thì khi xác định thu nhập chịu thuế của năm 2012, DN B phải thực hiện chuyển lỗ như sau:

Cụ thể:

- Bù trừ giữa lãi và lỗ phát sinh trong năm 2012: doanh nghiệp lựa chọn bù trừ lỗ của hoạt động kinh doanh chứng khoán vào thu nhập của hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính, hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính còn lãi là (2 tỷ - 1 tỷ) = 1 tỷ đồng.

- Chuyển lỗ của hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính năm 2011 để bù trừ với lãi của hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính năm 2012: (1 tỷ - 1 tỷ = 0 tỷ)

- Kê khai, tính và nộp thuế TNDN của hoạt động được ưu đãi thuế:

2 tỷ đồng x 10% = 200 triệu đồng

=> Thuế TNDN phải nộp là: 200 triệu đồng

Ví dụ 15: Trong kỳ tính thuế năm 2012, DN C có phát sinh:

- Lãi từ hoạt động sản xuất phần mềm được ưu đãi thuế là 2 tỷ đồng (hoạt động này đang áp dụng thuế suất thuế TNDN 10% ).

- Lãi từ hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính không thuộc diện ưu đãi thuế là 2 tỷ đồng.

- Lỗ từ hoạt động kinh doanh chứng khoán (thu nhập khác của hoạt động kinh doanh) là 1 tỷ đồng.

Kỳ tính thuế năm 2011, DN C có lỗ là 2 tỷ đồng tuy nhiên doanh nghiệp không tách riêng được khoản lỗ này là của hoạt động nào do vậy DN C phải thực hiện bù trừ lỗ vào thu nhập của hoạt động đang được ưu đãi trước (hoạt động sản xuất phần mềm).

Cụ thể: - Bù trừ giữa lãi và lỗ phát sinh năm 2012: doanh nghiệp lựa chọn bù trừ lỗ hoạt động kinh doanh chứng khoán vào hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính, hoạt động kinh doanh máy tính còn lãi là (2 tỷ - 1 tỷ) = 1 tỷ đồng

- Chuyển lỗ của năm 2011 để bù trừ với lãi của hoạt động sản xuất phần mềm năm 2012: 2 tỷ - 2 tỷ = 0 tỷ

Kê khai nộp thuế TNDN với mức thuế suất 25% của hoạt động kinh doanh không được hưởng ưu đãi thuế, cụ thể: 1 tỷ x 25% = 250 triệu đồng.

8. Việc ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp không áp dụng đối với:

a) Các khoản thu nhập khác quy định tại Điều 7 Thông tư này.

b) Thu nhập từ hoạt động tìm kiếm, thăm dò, khai thác dầu khí và tài nguyên quí hiếm khác.

c) Thu nhập từ kinh doanh trò chơi có thưởng, cá cược theo quy định của pháp luật.

d) Thu nhập từ hoạt động khai thác khoáng sản.

e) Thu nhập từ kinh doanh dịch vụ thuộc đối tượng chịu thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt theo quy định của Luật thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt.

9. Doanh nghiệp thành lập từ chuyển đổi loại hình doanh nghiệp, chuyển đổi sở hữu, chia, tách, sáp nhập, hợp nhất chịu trách nhiệm trả các khoản nợ tiền thuế, tiền phạt về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp của doanh nghiệp bị chuyển đổi, chia, tách, sáp nhập, hợp nhất và được kế thừa các ưu đãi về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp cho thời gian còn lại nếu tiếp tục đáp ứng các điều kiện ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp.

10. Doanh nghiệp trong thời gian đang được hưởng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp theo quy định, cơ quan có thẩm quyền kiểm tra, thanh tra kiểm tra phát hiện:

- Tăng số thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp được hưởng ưu đãi thuế so với đơn vị tự kê khai (kể cả trường hợp doanh nghiệp chưa kê khai để được hưởng ưu đãi thuế) thì doanh nghiệp được hưởng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp theo quy định đối với số thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp do kiểm tra, thanh tra phát hiện (bao gồm số thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp tăng thêm và số thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp thuộc đối tượng được ưu đãi thuế theo quy định đã kê khai nhưng chưa xác định số thuế được ưu đãi).

- Giảm số thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp được hưởng ưu đãi thuế so với đơn vị tự kê khai thì doanh nghiệp chỉ được hưởng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp theo theo quy định đối với số thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp do kiểm tra, thanh tra phát hiện.

- Tuỳ theo mức độ vi phạm của doanh nghiệp, cơ quan có thẩm quyền kiểm tra, thanh tra áp dụng các mức xử phạt vi phạm pháp luật về thuế theo quy định.

Điều 19. Thuế suất ưu đãi

1. Thuế suất ưu đãi 10% trong thời hạn mười lăm năm (15 năm) áp dụng đối với:

a) Doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư tại địa bàn có điều kiện kinh tế - xã hội đặc biệt khó khăn quy định tại Phụ lục ban hành kèm theo Nghị định số 124/2008/NĐ-CP ngày 11/12/2008 của Chính phủ.

b) Doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư tại khu kinh tế, khu công nghệ cao được thành lập theo Quyết định của Thủ tướng Chính phủ;

c) Doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư thuộc các lĩnh vực:

- Công nghệ cao theo quy định của pháp luật; nghiên cứu khoa học và phát triển công nghệ;

- Đầu tư phát triển nhà máy nước, nhà máy điện, hệ thống cấp thoát nước; cầu, đường bộ, đường sắt; cảng hàng không, cảng biển, cảng sông; sân bay, nhà ga và công trình cơ sở hạ tầng đặc biệt quan trọng khác do Thủ tướng Chính phủ quyết định;

- Sản xuất sản phẩm phần mềm.

2. Doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư thuộc lĩnh vực quy định tại điểm c Khoản 1 Điều này thuộc loại dự án có quy mô lớn, công nghệ cao hoặc mới cần đặc biệt thu hút đầu tư thì thời gian áp dụng thuế suất ưu đãi 10% có thể kéo dài thêm nhưng tổng thời gian áp dụng thuế suất 10% không quá 30 năm theo Quyết định của Thủ tướng Chính phủ căn cứ theo đề nghị của Bộ trưởng Bộ Tài chính.

3. Thuế suất ưu đãi 10% trong suốt thời gian hoạt động áp dụng đối với:

a) Phần thu nhập của doanh nghiệp có được từ hoạt động trong lĩnh vực giáo dục - đào tạo, dạy nghề, y tế, văn hoá, thể thao và môi trường (sau đây gọi chung là lĩnh vực xã hội hoá).

Danh mục chi tiết các hoạt động trong lĩnh vực xã hội hoá được thực hiện theo danh mục do Thủ tướng Chính phủ quy định.

b) Phần thu nhập của doanh nghiệp có được từ hoạt động xuất bản theo quy định của Luật Xuất bản.

Hoạt động xuất bản bao gồm các lĩnh vực xuất bản, in và phát hành xuất bản phẩm theo quy định tại Luật Xuất bản.

Xuất bản phẩm thực hiện theo quy định tại Điều 4 của Luật Xuất bản và Điều 2 Nghị định số 111/2005/NĐ-CP ngày 26/8/2005 của Chính phủ. Trường hợp các quy định của Luật Xuất bản, Nghị định số 111/2005/NĐ-CP và các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật có liên quan đến lĩnh vực xuất bản có sự thay đổi thì áp dụng theo các quy định mới tương ứng, phù hợp với các văn bản này.

4. Thuế suất ưu đãi 20% trong thời gian mười năm (10 năm) áp dụng đối với doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư tại địa bàn có điều kiện kinh tế - xã hội khó khăn quy định tại Phụ lục ban hành kèm theo Nghị định số 124/2008/NĐ-CP ngày 11/12/2008 của Chính phủ.

5. Thuế suất ưu đãi 20% trong suốt thời gian hoạt động được áp dụng đối với Hợp tác xã dịch vụ nông nghiệp, Quỹ tín dụng nhân dân và Tổ chức tài chính vi mô.

Đối với Hợp tác xã dịch vụ nông nghiệp, quỹ tín dụng nhân dân và tổ chức tài chính vi mô thành lập mới tại địa bàn có điều kiện kinh tế - xã hội đặc biệt khó khăn quy định tại Phụ lục ban hành kèm theo Nghị định số 124/2008/NĐ-CP ngày 11/12/2008 của Chính phủ sau khi hết thời hạn áp dụng thuế suất 10% quy định tại điểm a Khoản 1 Điều này thì chuyển sang áp dụng mức thuế suất 20%.

Tổ chức tài chính vi mô quy định tại Khoản này là tổ chức được thành lập và hoạt động theo quy định của Luật các tổ chức tín dụng.

6. Thời gian áp dụng thuế suất ưu đãi quy định tại Điều này được tính liên tục từ năm đầu tiên doanh nghiệp có doanh thu từ hoạt động được hưởng ưu đãi thuế.

7. Hết thời gian áp dụng mức thuế suất ưu đãi tại Khoản 1, Khoản 2, Khoản 4 Điều này, doanh nghiệp chuyển sang áp dụng mức thuế suất 25%.

Điều 20. Ưu đãi về thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế

1. Miễn thuế 4 năm, giảm 50% số thuế phải nộp trong 9 năm tiếp theo đối với:

a) Doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư tại địa bàn có điều kiện kinh tế - xã hội đặc biệt khó khăn quy định tại Phụ lục ban hành kèm theo Nghị định số 124/2008/NĐ-CP ngày 11/12/2008 của Chính phủ.

b) Doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư tại khu kinh tế, khu công nghệ cao được thành lập theo Quyết định của Thủ tướng Chính phủ;

c) Doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư thuộc các lĩnh vực:

- Công nghệ cao theo quy định của pháp luật; nghiên cứu khoa học và phát triển công nghệ;

- Đầu tư phát triển nhà máy nước, nhà máy điện, hệ thống cấp thoát nước; cầu, đường bộ, đường sắt; cảng hàng không, cảng biển, cảng sông; sân bay, nhà ga và công trình cơ sở hạ tầng đặc biệt quan trọng khác do Thủ tướng Chính phủ quyết định;

Để được hưởng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp theo trường hợp doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư vào các ngành nghề đầu tư phát triển nhà máy nước, nhà máy điện, hệ thống cấp thoát nước; cầu, đường bộ, đường sắt; cảng hàng không, cảng biển, cảng sông; sân bay, nhà ga và công trình cơ sở hạ tầng đặc biệt quan trọng khác do Thủ tướng Chính phủ quyết định thì doanh nghiệp phải phát sinh doanh thu, thu nhập từ quá trình hoạt động của các dự án đầu tư nêu trên. Trường hợp các doanh nghiệp thực hiện thi công, xây dựng các công trình này thì phần thu nhập từ hoạt động thi công, xây dựng các công trình này không được hưởng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp.

- Sản xuất sản phẩm phần mềm.

d) Doanh nghiệp thành lập mới trong lĩnh vực xã hội hoá thực hiện tại địa bàn có điều kiện kinh tế - xã hội khó khăn hoặc đặc biệt khó khăn quy định tại Phụ lục ban hành kèm theo Nghị định số 124/2008/NĐ-CP ngày 11/12/2008 của Chính phủ.

2. Miễn thuế 4 năm, giảm 50% số thuế phải nộp trong 5 năm tiếp theo đối với doanh nghiệp thành lập mới trong lĩnh vực xã hội hoá thực hiện tại địa bàn không thuộc danh mục địa bàn có điều kiện kinh tế - xã hội khó khăn hoặc đặc biệt khó khăn quy định tại Phụ lục ban hành kèm theo Nghị định số 124/2008/NĐ-CP ngày 11/12/2008 của Chính phủ.

3. Miễn thuế 2 năm và giảm 50% số thuế phải nộp trong 4 năm tiếp theo đối với doanh nghiệp thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư tại địa bàn có điều kiện kinh tế - xã hội khó khăn quy định tại Phụ lục ban hành kèm theo Nghị định số 124/2008/NĐ-CP ngày 11/12/2008 của Chính phủ.

4. Thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế quy định tại Điều này được tính liên tục từ năm đầu tiên doanh nghiệp có thu nhập chịu thuế từ dự án đầu tư được hưởng ưu đãi thuế; Trường hợp doanh nghiệp không có thu nhập chịu thuế trong ba năm đầu, kể từ năm đầu tiên có doanh thu từ dự án đầu tư thì thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế được tính từ năm thứ tư.

Ví dụ 16: Năm 2009, doanh nghiệp A thành lập mới từ dự án đầu tư sản xuất sản phẩm phần mềm, nếu năm 2009 doanh nghiệp A đã có thu nhập chịu thuế từ dự án sản xuất sản phẩm phầm mềm thì thời gian miễn giảm thuế được tính liên tục kể từ năm 2009. Trường hợp dự án sản xuất sản phẩm phầm mềm của doanh nghiệp A phát sinh doanh thu từ năm 2009, đến năm 2012 doanh nghiệp A vẫn chưa có thu nhập chịu thuế thì thời gian miễn giảm thuế được tính liên tục kể từ năm 2012.

5. Năm miễn thuế, giảm thuế xác định phù hợp với kỳ tính thuế. Thời điểm bắt đầu tính thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế tính liên tục kể từ kỳ tính thuế đầu tiên doanh nghiệp bắt đầu có thu nhập chịu thuế (chưa trừ số lỗ các kỳ tính thuế trước chuyển sang). Trường hợp, kỳ tính thuế đầu tiên doanh nghiệp có thu nhập chịu thuế, nhưng thời gian hoạt động sản xuất, kinh doanh hàng hoá, dịch vụ dưới 12 tháng thì doanh nghiệp có quyền đăng ký với cơ quan thuế tính thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế ngay kỳ tính thuế đầu tiên đó hoặc tính từ kỳ tính thuế tiếp theo. Trường hợp doanh nghiệp đăng ký thời gian miễn giảm thuế vào kỳ tính thuế tiếp theo thì phải xác định số thuế phải nộp của kỳ tính thuế đầu tiên để nộp vào Ngân sách Nhà nước theo quy định. Kỳ tính thuế hướng dẫn tại Khoản 3 Điều 3 không áp dụng để xác định ưu đãi miễn thuế, giảm thuế theo quy định tại Khoản này.

Điều 21. Các trường hợp giảm thuế khác

1. Doanh nghiệp hoạt động trong lĩnh vực sản xuất, xây dựng, vận tải được giảm số thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp phải nộp tương ứng với số tiền thực chi thêm cho lao động nữ hướng dẫn tại tiết a điểm 2.9 Khoản 2 Điều 6 Thông tư này nếu hạch toán riêng được.

Các đơn vị sự nghiệp, cơ quan văn phòng thuộc các Tổng công ty không trực tiếp sản xuất kinh doanh thì không giảm thuế theo điểm này.

2. Doanh nghiệp sử dụng lao động là người dân tộc thiểu số được giảm thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp phải nộp tương ứng với số tiền thực chi thêm cho lao động là người dân tộc thiểu số hướng dẫn tại tiết b điểm 2.9 Khoản 2 Điều 6 Thông tư này nếu hạch toán riêng được.

Điều 22. Thủ tục thực hiện ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp

Doanh nghiệp tự xác định các điều kiện ưu đãi thuế, mức thuế suất ưu đãi, thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế, số lỗ được trừ (-) vào thu nhập tính thuế để tự kê khai và tự quyết toán thuế với cơ quan thuế.

Cơ quan thuế khi kiểm tra, thanh tra đối với doanh nghiệp phải kiểm tra các điều kiện được hưởng ưu đãi thuế, số thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp được miễn thuế, giảm thuế, số lỗ được trừ vào thu nhập chịu thuế theo đúng điều kiện thực tế mà doanh nghiệp đáp ứng được. Trường hợp doanh nghiệp không đảm bảo các điều kiện để áp dụng thuế suất ưu đãi và thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế thì cơ quan thuế xử lý truy thu thuế và xử phạt vi phạm hành chính về thuế theo quy định.

Chương VII

TỔ CHỨC THỰC HIỆN

Điều 23. Hiệu lực thi hành

1. Thông tư này có hiệu lực từ ngày 10 tháng 9 năm 2012 và áp dụng cho kỳ tính thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp từ năm 2012 trở đi.

2. Doanh nghiệp đang được hưởng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp (bao gồm mức thuế suất ưu đãi, thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế) theo quy định tại các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp thì tiếp tục được hưởng các mức ưu đãi này cho thời gian còn lại. Trường hợp mức ưu đãi về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp bao gồm cả thuế suất ưu đãi và thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế thấp hơn mức ưu đãi theo quy định của Thông tư này thì được áp dụng ưu đãi thuế theo quy định của Thông tư này cho thời gian còn lại tính từ kỳ tính thuế năm 2009.

Việc xác định thời gian còn lại để được hưởng ưu đãi thuế được tính liên tục kể từ khi thực hiện quy định ưu đãi tại các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp.

Khoảng thời gian ưu đãi còn lại bằng số năm doanh nghiệp còn được hưởng ưu đãi thuế (thuế suất ưu đãi, thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế) theo hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này trừ (-) đi số năm doanh nghiệp đã hưởng ưu đãi thuế (thuế suất ưu đãi, thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế) theo các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp đến hết năm 2008. Việc xác định khoảng thời gian ưu đãi còn lại nêu trên phải đảm bảo nguyên tắc:

- Đến hết kỳ tính thuế năm 2008, doanh nghiệp đã hết thời gian được hưởng ưu đãi về thuế suất theo các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp thì không được chuyển sang áp dụng ưu đãi về thuế (thuế suất ưu đãi, thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế) cho thời gian còn lại theo hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này.

- Đến hết kỳ tính thuế năm 2008, doanh nghiệp đang trong thời gian được hưởng ưu đãi thuế (thuế suất ưu đãi, thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế) theo các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp thì tiếp tục hưởng số năm được áp dụng thuế suất và mức thuế suất ưu đãi, thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế cho thời gian còn lại theo hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này.

- Đến hết kỳ tính thuế năm 2008, doanh nghiệp đang được hưởng thuế suất ưu đãi, nhưng vừa hết thời gian được miễn thuế theo các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp thì không hưởng thời gian miễn thuế mà chỉ hưởng toàn bộ số năm giảm thuế theo hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này, tiếp tục hưởng số năm áp dụng thuế suất và mức thuế suất ưu đãi cho thời gian còn lại theo hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này.

- Đến hết kỳ tính thuế năm 2008, doanh nghiệp đang được hưởng thuế suất ưu đãi, đang trong thời gian giảm thuế theo các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp thì số năm giảm thuế còn lại bằng số năm giảm thuế theo hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này trừ (-) số năm doanh nghiệp đã giảm thuế đến hết kỳ tính thuế năm 2008, tiếp tục hưởng số năm áp dụng thuế suất và mức thuế suất ưu đãi cho thời gian còn lại theo hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này.

- Đến hết kỳ tính thuế năm 2008, doanh nghiệp đã hết thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế theo các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp thì không thuộc diện hưởng ưu đãi thuế (thuế suất ưu đãi, thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế) theo hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này.

3. Doanh nghiệp thuộc diện hưởng thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế theo quy định tại các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp mà đến hết kỳ tính thuế năm 2008 nếu:

a) Chưa có doanh thu thì thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế được tính từ năm đầu tiên doanh nghiệp có thu nhập chịu thuế; trường hợp không có thu nhập chịu thuế trong 3 năm đầu kể từ năm đầu tiên có doanh thu thì thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế được tính từ năm thứ tư.

b) Đã có doanh thu nhưng chưa đủ 3 năm, kể từ khi có doanh thu thì thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế được tính từ năm đầu tiên có thu nhập chịu thuế; trường hợp không có thu nhập chịu thuế trong 3 năm đầu kể từ năm đầu tiên có doanh thu thì thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế được tính từ năm thứ tư, cụ thể như sau:

Doanh nghiệp có kỳ tính thuế đầu tiên từ năm 2007 trở đi và đã có doanh thu thì thời gian miễn giảm thuế được tính liên tục kể từ năm đầu tiên có thu nhập chịu thuế. Trường hợp đến hết năm 2009 mà chưa có thu nhập chịu thuế thì thời gian miễn giảm thuế được tính từ năm 2010.

c) Đã có doanh thu từ 3 năm trở lên thì thời gian miễn thuế, giảm thuế được tính từ năm tính thuế 2009, cụ thể như sau:

Doanh nghiệp có kỳ tính thuế đầu tiên trước năm 2007 đã có doanh thu nhưng chưa có thu nhập chịu thuế và chưa tính thời gian miễn giảm thuế thì thời gian miễn giảm thuế được tính từ kỳ tính thuế năm 2009.

4. Doanh nghiệp hoạt động trong các lĩnh vực khác nhưng có phát sinh thu nhập từ hoạt động trong lĩnh vực giáo dục - đào tạo, dạy nghề, y tế, văn hoá, thể thao và môi trường (sau đây gọi chung là lĩnh vực xã hội hoá) nếu đủ điều kiện thuộc Danh mục loại hình, tiêu chí quy mô, tiêu chuẩn về lĩnh vực xã hội hoá do Thủ tướng Chính phủ quy định thì áp dụng thuế suất thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp 10% trong suốt thời gian hoạt động đối với phần thu nhập có được từ hoạt động trong lĩnh vực giáo dục - đào tạo, dạy nghề, y tế, văn hoá, thể thao và môi trường kể từ ngày 01/01/2009.

Doanh nghiệp có hoạt động trong lĩnh vực xã hội hoá trước ngày 01/01/2009 và đủ điều kiện thuộc Danh mục loại hình, tiêu chí quy mô, tiêu chuẩn về lĩnh vực xã hội do Thủ tướng Chính phủ quy định mà đang áp dụng mức thuế suất cao hơn mức 10% đối với phần thu nhập từ hoạt động xã hội hoá thì được chuyển sang áp dụng mức thuế suất 10% đối với phần thu nhập từ hoạt động xã hội hoá kể từ ngày 01/01/2009.

5. Doanh nghiệp đang hoạt động từ năm 2009 có dự án đầu tư xây dựng dây chuyền sản xuất mới, mở rộng quy mô, đổi mới công nghệ, cải thiện môi trường sinh thái, nâng cao năng lực sản xuất thì phần thu nhập từ dự án đầu tư này sẽ không được hưởng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp. Các dự án đầu tư trước năm 2009 đang được hưởng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp (theo diện ưu đãi đầu tư mở rộng) thì tiếp tục được hưởng ưu đãi cho thời gian còn lại và phần thu nhập tăng thêm của các dự án đầu tư mở rộng đang áp dụng thuế suất 28% được chuyển sang áp dụng thuế suất 25% .

Doanh nghiệp có dự án đầu tư mở rộng sản xuất đến ngày 31 tháng 12 năm 2008 đang đầu tư xây dựng dở dang và trong năm 2009 hoàn thành đi vào sản xuất, kinh doanh thì tiếp tục được hưởng thời gian miễn giảm thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp đối với phần thu nhập tăng thêm từ dự án đầu tư mở rộng mang lại theo Thông tư số 134/2007/TT-BTC ngày 23/11/2007 của Bộ Tài chính; Phần thu nhập tăng thêm của dự án này áp dụng thuế suất 25% và thời gian miễn giảm thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp đối với phần thu nhập tăng thêm tính từ năm 2009 dự án đi vào sản xuất, kinh doanh. Doanh nghiệp phải có thông báo với cơ quan thuế các dự án đầu tư mở rộng sản xuất đang đầu tư xây dựng dở dang khi nộp tờ khai quyết toán thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp của kỳ tính thuế năm 2008.

Doanh nghiệp có dự án đầu tư mở rộng sản xuất đến ngày 31/12/2008 đang đầu tư xây dựng dở dang, trong năm 2009 dự án vẫn tiếp tục quá trình đầu tư xây dựng dở dang và từ năm 2010 trở đi mới hoàn thành đi vào sản xuất, kinh doanh thì doanh nghiệp không được ưu đãi thuế TNDN đối với phần thu nhập tăng thêm từ dự án đầu tư mở rộng mang lại.

6. Từ ngày 01/01/2009, hợp tác xã dịch vụ nông nghiệp có thu nhập từ hoạt động dịch vụ nông nghiệp và quỹ tín dụng nhân dân được áp dụng thuế suất 20% kể cả trường hợp hợp tác xã dịch vụ nông nghiệp và quỹ tín dụng nhân dân được thành lập trước ngày 01/01/2009 nhưng chưa được hưởng ưu đãi thuế suất thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc đã hết thời gian hưởng ưu đãi thuế suất thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp (không bao gồm trường hợp hợp tác xã dịch vụ nông nghiệp và quỹ tín dụng nhân dân đang được áp dụng thuế suất 10%).

7. Không áp dụng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp đối với thu nhập từ hoạt động khai thác khoáng sản của các doanh nghiệp được thành lập và cấp giấy phép đầu tư về hoạt động khai thác khoáng sản từ ngày 01/01/2009. Trường hợp doanh nghiệp khai thác khoáng sản hoạt động trước ngày 01/01/2009 đang hưởng ưu đãi thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp theo quy định tại các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật trước đây về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp hoặc theo Giấy phép đầu tư hoặc Giấy chứng nhận ưu đãi đầu tư đã cấp thì tiếp tục được hưởng các mức ưu đãi này cho thời gian còn lại.

8. Doanh nghiệp có phát sinh thu nhập từ hoạt động xuất bản theo quy định của Luật Xuất bản được áp dụng thuế suất thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp 10% trong suốt thời gian hoạt động kể từ kỳ tính thuế năm 2012. Doanh nghiệp đang hoạt động có áp dụng mức thuế suất cao hơn mức thuế suất 10% đối với phần thu nhập từ hoạt động xuất bản theo quy định của Luật Xuất bản thì được chuyển sang áp dụng mức thuế suất 10% đối với phần thu nhập từ hoạt động xuất bản kể từ kỳ tính thuế năm 2012.

9. Thông tư này thay thế Thông tư số 130/2008/TT-BTC ngày 26/12/2008, Thông tư số 177/2009/TT-BTC ngày 10/9/2009, Thông tư số 40/2010/TT-BTC ngày 23/3/2010, Thông tư số 18/2011/TT-BTC ngày 10/2/2011 của Bộ Tài chính.

10. Bãi bỏ các nội dung hướng dẫn về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp do Bộ Tài chính và các ngành ban hành không phù hợp với hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này.

11. Việc giải quyết những tồn tại về thuế, quyết toán thuế, miễn thuế, giảm thuế và xử lý vi phạm pháp luật về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp trước kỳ tính thuế năm 2012 thực hiện theo các quy định tương ứng hướng dẫn về thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp ban hành trước kỳ tính thuế năm 2012.

12. Trường hợp nước Cộng hoà Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam có tham gia ký kết một Hiệp định hoặc Điều ước quốc tế mà Hiệp định hoặc Điều ước quốc tế đó có quy định về việc nộp thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp khác với nội dung hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này thì thực hiện theo quy định của Điều ước quốc tế đó.

Điều 24. Trách nhiệm thi hành

1. Cơ quan thuế các cấp có trách nhiệm phổ biến, hướng dẫn các doanh nghiệp thực hiện theo nội dung Thông tư này.

2. Doanh nghiệp thuộc đối tượng điều chỉnh của Thông tư này thực hiện theo các hướng dẫn tại Thông tư này.

Trong quá trình thực hiện nếu có vướng mắc, đề nghị các tổ chức, cá nhân phản ánh kịp thời về Bộ Tài chính để nghiên cứu giải quyết./.