Law on Teachers No. 73/2025/QH15

LAW

TEACHERS

 

       Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam amended and supplemented by Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;

       The National Assembly enacts the Teachers Law.

 

PART I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

       Article 1. Scope of Regulation

       This Law stipulates the professional activities, rights, and obligations of teachers; teacher titles and occupational standards for teachers; recruitment and utilization of teachers; salary policies and incentives for teachers; training, development, and international cooperation for teachers; honoring, rewarding, and handling violations against teachers; management of teachers.

       Article 2. Applicability

       1. Teachers are recruited to perform teaching and educational tasks at educational institutions within the national education system.

       2. State administrative agencies for education, educational management agencies, and educational institutions within the national education system.

       Organizations and individuals related to the professional activities of teachers.

       1. Teachers are the core force of the education sector, holding an important position in society, respected, protected, and honored.

       2. Teachers play a decisive role in ensuring educational quality; they are crucial in building human resources, establishing a learning society, a digital society, and a modern culture with distinct national characteristics.

       Article 4. Definitions

       In this Law, the following terms shall be understood as follows:

       1. Teacher is a teacher who teaches and educates preschool education programs, general education programs, continuing education programs, preparatory university education programs, special education programs for persons with disabilities; teaches and educates vocational training programs at the primary and intermediate levels in vocational education institutions.

       2. Lecturer is a teacher who teaches training programs from college level upwards; training and development programs for civil servants, public officials, and employees in state agency schools and political organizations; training and development programs for officers, non-commissioned officers, professional military personnel, workers, and defense civil servants; leadership cadre training and development programs for state management tasks, knowledge of national defense and security in people's armed forces schools.

       3. Educational Management Agency is a specialized agency in the field of education or a unit with the function and authority to assist state management agencies at all levels in education.

       4. Non-State Educational Institution is a privately established educational institution or a private educational institution within the national education system.

       5. Educational Management Cadre is a person responsible for state management of education and training within the scope of the authority granted in the educational management agency.

       6. Head of an Educational Institution is the principal or director of an educational institution, responsible for managing and directing the operations of the educational institution.

       7. Educational Institution Management Cadre is a person holding a managerial position, responsible for directing and organizing the implementation of one or more tasks within the educational institution.

       8. Transfer of Teachers is the transfer of teachers from one public educational institution to another public educational institution or the transfer of teachers from a public educational institution to an educational management agency according to the requirements of the competent authority.

       9. Relocation of Teachers is the transfer of teachers from one public educational institution to another public educational institution or another organization according to individual wishes.

       Article 5. Principles of Management and Development of Teachers

       1. Ensuring consistency with the Party's guidelines and the State's policies and laws.

       2. Implementing standardization and improving the quality of the teaching workforce.

       3. Promoting gender equality.

       4. Respecting and ensuring the right to autonomy and creativity in professional activities of teachers.

       5. Implementing decentralization and coordination among state management agencies in the management and development of teachers.

       6. Ensuring the right to autonomy linked to accountability of educational institutions in the management and development of teachers.

       Article 6. State Policy on Building and Developing the Teaching Staff

       1. The State plays a leading role in building and developing the teaching staff, ensuring the quantity, structure, and quality of the teaching staff.

       2. Attracting and utilizing individuals with high qualifications, talent, special aptitude, and high vocational skills to become teachers.

       3. Encouraging teachers to participate in teaching and education in areas inhabited by ethnic minority groups, mountainous regions, border areas, islands, and areas with particularly difficult socio-economic conditions.

       4. Protecting the reputation, honor, and dignity of teachers in their professional activities.

       5. Prioritizing salary and preferential treatment for teachers.

       6. Encouraging teachers to innovate and be creative in their professional activities.

       7. Supporting continuous training and development of professional careers for teachers.

       8. Encouraging and creating conditions for Vietnamese citizens who are teachers to engage in studying, teaching, scientific research, and academic exchanges with educational institutions and organizations abroad; foreign teachers and scientists and overseas Vietnamese to participate in studying, teaching, scientific research, and academic exchanges with educational institutions and organizations in Vietnam.

       9. Mobilizing social resources for the construction and development of the teaching staff.

Chapter II

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES, RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF TEACHERS

       Article 7. Professional Activities of Teachers

       1. The professional activities of teachers are specialized, innovative, and creative activities aimed at helping learners develop comprehensively in terms of character and ability through teaching, education, and setting examples for learners.

       2. The content of the professional activities of teachers includes:

       a) Preparing and organizing teaching, education, and evaluation for learners;

       b) Studying and enhancing;

       c) Scientific research;

       d) Serving the community;

       e) Other professional activities.

       3. The professional activities of teachers specified in points a and b of Clause 2 of this Article shall be carried out according to the school year or course.

       4. The professional activities of teachers are defined according to the level of education to perform the following tasks:

       a) Kindergarten teachers carry out the task of nurturing, caring for, educating, and protecting children according to the kindergarten education program;

       b) Elementary school teachers, lower secondary school teachers, upper secondary school teachers, and preparatory university teachers carry out the task of teaching subjects and educational activities according to the general education program and the preparatory university program;

       c) Teachers of continuing education carry out the task of teaching and educating according to the continuing education program;

       d) Vocational education teachers and lecturers carry out the task of teaching, educating, and guiding learners according to the initial, intermediate, college-level training programs, and other vocational training programs; carrying out the task of scientific research;

       e) University lecturers carry out the task of teaching, educating, and guiding learners according to the university education program; carrying out the task of scientific research;

       f) Lecturers in state agency schools, political organization schools, and people's armed forces schools carry out the task of teaching and guiding learners according to the training and enhancement programs.

       Article 8. Rights of Teachers

       1. Teachers working in public educational institutions shall exercise their rights in accordance with the laws on civil servants and other relevant laws. Teachers working in non-public educational institutions shall exercise their rights in accordance with the labor laws and other relevant laws.

       2. In addition to the provisions of Clause 1 of this Article, teachers also have the following rights:

       a) To teach and educate in accordance with their specialized training; to independently allocate time and arrange content according to the education program; to select and use teaching materials and learning resources for teaching and educational activities; to comment, evaluate, participate in rewarding and disciplining students in accordance with the law and the organizational and operational regulations of the educational institution;

       b) To conduct scientific research and transfer scientific research products, enjoying preferential policies in scientific research activities; to participate in managing and operating enterprises established by higher education institutions and operating in the fields of science development, innovation, application, and technology transfer in accordance with the law;

       c) To be respected and protected in terms of reputation, honor, and personality; to be treated equally in professional activities and career development;

       d) To enjoy summer vacation and other holidays as prescribed by law;

       đ) To receive training and further education to improve qualifications;

       e) To participate in teaching and scientific research at other agencies, organizations, and units in accordance with the law and the organizational and operational regulations of the educational institution.

       Article 9. Obligations of Teachers

       1. Teachers working in public educational institutions shall fulfill their obligations in accordance with the laws on civil servants and other relevant laws. Teachers working in non-public educational institutions shall fulfill their obligations in accordance with the labor laws and other relevant laws.

       2. In addition to the provisions of Clause 1 of this Article, teachers also have the following obligations:

       a) To teach and educate in accordance with educational goals and principles; to fully and qualitatively implement the education program;

       b) To maintain professional qualities, reputation, honor, personality, and teacher ethics; to set a good example in professional activities and social interactions; to ensure academic integrity;

       c) To promote personal qualities and abilities, and to identify and nurture talents of students;

       d) To respect, treat fairly, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of students;

       đ) To perform scientific research tasks; to study and apply educational sciences; to update and enhance practical skills and access new technologies in accordance with the law;

       e) To participate in building a safe, democratic, innovative, and creative educational environment.

       Article 10. Regulations on Teacher Ethics

       1. The regulations on teacher ethics include the rules of conduct of teachers in their relationships with students, colleagues, families of students, and the community.

       2. The Minister of Education and Training shall issue the rules of conduct for teachers.

       Article 11. Prohibited Actions

       1. Teachers working in public educational institutions shall not engage in actions prohibited for civil servants under the laws on civil servants and other relevant laws. Teachers working in non-public educational institutions shall not commit prohibited acts in the field of labor as prescribed by the labor laws and other relevant laws.

       2. In addition to the provisions of Clause 1 of this Article, teachers shall not engage in the following actions:

       a) To discriminate against students in any form;

       b) To cheat or intentionally distort results in admission activities and student assessment;

       c) To force students to participate in additional classes in any form;

       d) To force students to pay money or provide goods beyond the provisions of the law;

       đ) To exploit their position and professional activities to commit illegal acts;

       3. The actions that organizations and individuals are not allowed to take against teachers include:

       a) Not implementing fully the systems and policies for teachers as prescribed by law;

       b) Publishing or disseminating information that imputes responsibility to teachers in professional activities without the conclusion of competent authorities;

       c) Other actions not allowed by law.

Chapter III

TEACHER TITLES AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

       Article 12. Teaching Title

       1. The teaching title is the name that reflects the level and professional competence of teachers at each educational level and training degree.

       2. The teaching title is determined based on the requirements of professional activities at each educational level and training degree.

       3. The appointment and change of teaching titles shall be carried out in accordance with the educational institution within the national education system.

       4. The determination of equivalent teaching titles at each educational level and training degree shall be implemented according to the regulations of the Minister of Education and Training.

       5. The Government shall specify detailed regulations for Clauses 1, 2, and 3 of this Article.

       Article 13. Professional Standards for Teachers

       1. Professional standards for teachers are a system of criteria according to each teaching title, including ethical standards for teachers; training and development standards; professional competence and vocational standards.

       2. Professional standards for teachers are uniformly applied to teachers in public educational institutions and non-public educational institutions.

       3. Educational management agencies and educational institutions use professional standards for teachers in recruitment, placement, evaluation, training, and development of teachers; build and implement policies for developing teacher teams.

       4. Teachers use professional standards to self-assess their qualities and capabilities; develop and implement continuous plans for professional skill development and enhancement.

       5. The Minister of Education and Training shall provide detailed regulations on professional standards for teachers, except in cases provided for in Clause 6 of this Article.

       6. The Minister of Public Security and the Minister of National Defense shall provide detailed regulations on professional standards for teachers under their respective jurisdictions.

Chapter IV

TEACHER RECRUITMENT AND USE

       Article 14. Teacher Recruitment

       1. The content and methods of teacher recruitment are regulated as follows:

       a) Recruitment content is based on professional standards for teachers;

       b) Recruitment methods include competitive examinations or selection processes, which must include practical teaching exercises.

       2. Recruitment authority is regulated as follows:

       a) For public vocational education institutions and public higher education institutions, teacher recruitment is conducted by the heads of these educational institutions;

       b) For non-public educational institutions, teacher recruitment is conducted by the heads of these educational institutions in accordance with the organizational and operational regulations of the institutions;

       c) For schools of the People's Armed Forces, teacher recruitment authority is regulated by the Ministers of National Defense and Public Security;

       d) For educational institutions not covered by points a, b, and c of this clause, teacher recruitment authority is regulated by the Minister of Education and Training.

       3. Priority recruitment targets include:

       a) Individuals who have performed teaching duties in positions suitable for the positions being recruited;

       b) In vocational education, priority is given to individuals with high occupational skills and experience in production, business, and service activities relevant to the taught profession;

       c) Other priority recruitment cases as prescribed by law.

       4. Individuals who are not eligible to apply for recruitment include:

       a) Individuals who have lost civil capacity, are restricted in civil capacity, or have difficulties in understanding and controlling their actions;

       b) Individuals currently under criminal investigation; those serving sentences or decisions on criminal matters issued by courts; those subject to compulsory drug rehabilitation or compulsory educational measures;

       c) Individuals who have been convicted of offenses related to national security, offenses endangering human life, health, dignity, and reputation as stipulated in the Penal Code.

       5. Contracts with teachers include employment contracts implemented in accordance with the laws on civil servants and labor contracts implemented in accordance with the laws on labor.

       6. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on Clause 1, point a and point b of Clause 2, Clause 3, Clause 4 of this Article; and conditions, procedures, and formalities for recruiting foreign teachers.

       1. The subjects eligible for consideration to be accepted as teachers include those cases accepted as civil servants according to the laws on civil servants and the target groups benefiting from attraction and utilization policies stipulated in Article 25 of this Law.

       2. Based on the conditions registered for applying to become a teacher and the requirements of the position to be recruited, the recruitment authority shall examine the conditions and standards of the applicants and organize examinations and assessments.

       3. Based on the examination and assessment results, the head of the recruitment authority shall decide to accept candidates who meet the requirements, conditions, and standards of the position.

       4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on the conditions, procedures, and processes for accepting teachers.

       Article 16. Working System of Teachers

       1. The working system of teachers includes working hours, annual summer vacation, and other holidays as prescribed by law.

       2. The working hours of teachers are the time spent performing professional activities as stipulated in Clause 2 of Article 7 of this Law.

       3. The annual summer vacation and other holidays of teachers shall be arranged appropriately for teachers at different educational levels, training qualifications, and types of educational institutions as prescribed by the Government.

       4. The Minister of Education and Training shall provide detailed regulations on the working system for teachers at various educational levels and training qualifications, except for the cases stipulated in Clause 5 of this Article.

       5. The Minister of Public Security and the Minister of National Defense shall provide detailed regulations on the working system for teachers under their management authority.

       Article 17. Transfer of Teachers

       1. The transfer of teachers shall be carried out in the following cases:

       a) Arranging teachers due to restructuring of educational institutions or addressing the surplus or shortage of teachers;

       b) Resolving policies for teachers after completing the period of being transferred to work in areas with ethnic minority populations, mountainous regions, border areas, islands, and areas with particularly difficult socio-economic conditions;

       c) Supporting the improvement of teaching quality, education, and management in educational institutions;

       d) In accordance with the professional requirements and tasks of educational management agencies.

       2. The principles of transferring teachers are as follows:

       a) Transferred teachers must meet the requirements of the positions they will assume;

       b) Teacher transfer work must be conducted openly, transparently, objectively, and in compliance with the provisions of the law.

       3. Cases where transfers will not be implemented include:

       a) Female teachers who are pregnant or nursing children under 36 months old; teachers with special difficulties; teachers whose spouses are currently being transferred, assigned, or dispatched to work in areas with ethnic minority populations, mountainous regions, border areas, islands, and areas with particularly difficult socio-economic conditions. The transfer of teachers may still be carried out for these subjects if the teachers express a willingness to be transferred;

       b) Teachers who have not yet completed job position changes as required by laws on anti-corruption and other relevant laws.

       4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on the authority and subjects of teacher transfers; and regulations on retaining systems and policies during teacher transfers.

       Article 18. Assignment of Teachers

       The assignment of teachers in public educational institutions shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations on the assignment of civil servants under the laws on civil servants.

       Article 19. Transfer of Teachers

       1. The transfer of teachers must be agreed upon by the educational institution, agency, or unit from which the teacher is transferring and to which the teacher is transferring. The educational institution, agency, or unit from which the teacher is transferring and to which the teacher is transferring shall have the responsibility to report to the management authority as prescribed by law.

       2. The cases where transfer is not allowed include:

       a) Teachers who are currently under examination, disciplinary proceedings; being investigated, audited, inspected, prosecuted, or tried;

       b) Teachers who have not completed three years of service since their recruitment as teachers, except in cases where they voluntarily transfer to work at educational institutions in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, mountainous regions, border areas, islands, and areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions.

       3. The educational institution from which the teacher is transferring shall terminate the employment contract with the teacher; the educational institution, agency, or unit to which the teacher is transferring shall implement the reception of the teacher.

       4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on this matter.

       Article 20. Teachers in Public Educational Institutions Teaching Across Schools and Levels

       1. Teaching across schools and levels refers to the situation where teachers are assigned by the education management authority to teach and educate simultaneously at two or more educational institutions at the same level or different levels; at two or more levels within an educational institution with multiple levels; or at two or more training programs within an educational institution with multiple training programs.

       2. The assignment of teachers to teach across schools and levels must be based on the geographical area, specialty, professional skills, working schedule, and ensure the benefits and policies for teachers.

       3. Educational institutions with teachers teaching across schools and levels shall coordinate in arranging and assigning teaching and education tasks and create favorable conditions for teachers to fulfill their duties.

       4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on this matter.

       Article 21. Teachers Holding Management Positions in Educational Institutions

       1. Teachers holding management positions in educational institutions must meet the standards, conditions, capabilities, and reputation as prescribed by law.

       2. Teachers holding management positions in educational institutions shall enjoy the benefits and policies of managerial positions; if they teach according to the prescribed workload, they shall also enjoy the benefits and policies of teachers.

       Article 22. Evaluation of Teachers

       1. Teachers shall be evaluated periodically annually or during the school year; evaluated when changing job positions, appointment, dismissal, planning, training, promotion, reward, punishment, and implementing other policies as prescribed by law and the regulations of the educational institution.

       2. The content of the evaluation of teachers shall be based on the professional standards of teachers and other relevant legal provisions.

       3. The procedures and formalities for evaluating teachers in public educational institutions shall be implemented in accordance with the regulations on civil servants and other relevant legal provisions; the procedures and formalities for evaluating teachers in private educational institutions shall be implemented in accordance with the regulations of the educational institution.

       4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations for this Article.

Chapter V

POLICY ON SALARY AND BENEFITS FOR TEACHERS

       Article 23. Salary and Allowances for Teachers

       1. The salary and allowances for teachers in public educational institutions are stipulated as follows:

       a) The salary of teachers is ranked highest in the administrative and public service pay scale;

       b) Special allowances and other allowances according to the nature of the work and the region as prescribed by law;

       c) Teachers in preschool education; teachers working in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, mountainous regions, border areas, islands, and areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions; teachers teaching specialized schools; teachers implementing inclusive education; teachers in certain special fields shall enjoy higher salary and allowance benefits compared to teachers working under normal conditions.

       2. The salary of teachers in private educational institutions shall be implemented in accordance with the labor laws.

       3. Teachers working in fields with special policies shall enjoy such special policies as prescribed by law and may only enjoy the highest level of such policies if they overlap with the policies for teachers.

       4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on this matter.

       Article 24. Support Policies for Teachers

       1. Support policies for teachers include:

       a) Subsidies based on job characteristics and regions;

       b) Training and development support;

       c) Regular health care and occupational health care support;

       d) Mobility allowances for teachers engaged in literacy work, universal education, special assignments, supplementary teaching, inter-school teaching, and teaching at remote schools;

       đ) Other support policies for teachers as prescribed by laws on civil servants, labor laws, and other relevant laws.

       2. In addition to the policies stipulated in Clause 1 of this Article, teachers working in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, mountainous regions, border areas, islands, and areas with particularly difficult economic and social conditions; teachers teaching specialized schools; teachers implementing inclusive education; teachers teaching ethnic minority languages; teachers providing enhanced Vietnamese language instruction to ethnic minority students; and teachers teaching subjects requiring special skills or arts shall enjoy certain support policies as follows:

       a) They may be provided with official housing rental according to the law on housing or guaranteed collective accommodation when working in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, mountainous regions, border areas, islands, and areas with particularly difficult economic and social conditions. If collective accommodation or official housing cannot be arranged, they will be supported with rental housing subsidies equivalent to the official housing rental subsidy rate as prescribed by law;

       b) They will be supported with travel expenses during their time working in areas with particularly difficult economic and social conditions according to the law;

       c) Allowances and subsidies based on specific categories.

       3. Localities and educational institutions shall have support policies for teachers that ensure their living standards and career development, consistent with local practical conditions and financial resources.

       4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on this matter.

       Article 25. Policies for Attracting and Valuing Teachers

       1. The beneficiaries of attracting and valuing policies include:

       a) Individuals with high qualifications, talent, exceptional abilities, and high professional skills;

    b) Individuals working in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, mountainous regions, border areas, islands, and areas with particularly difficult economic and social conditions;

    c) Teachers engaged in teaching, education, and scientific research in key and essential fields according to socio-economic development needs.

    2. Attracting and valuing policies include preferential recruitment and acceptance; salaries and allowances; training and development; planning and appointment; working conditions and equipment; welfare benefits, and other policies as prescribed by law.

    3. Localities and educational institutions shall have attracting and valuing policies for teachers consistent with local practical conditions and financial resources.

    4. The Government shall provide detailed regulations for this Article.

    Article 26. Retirement Benefits for Teachers

    1. The retirement age for teachers shall be implemented according to the Labor Code and other relevant laws, except in cases specified in Clause 2 of this Article and Article 27 of this Law.

    2. Teachers in preschool education institutions who wish to do so may retire earlier than the normal retirement age but not more than five years earlier. If they have contributed to social insurance for at least fifteen years, their pension percentage will not be reduced due to early retirement.

    Article 27. Extended Retirement Age for Teachers in Public Educational Institutions

    1. Beneficiaries eligible for extended retirement age include professors, associate professors, or those with doctoral degrees, and teachers working in specialized fields.

    2. An extended retirement age can be implemented when the educational institution has a need; the teacher is in good health, willing, and meets the institution's criteria.

    3. The period of extended retirement age is defined as follows:

    a) Not exceeding five years for teachers with doctoral degrees;

    b) Not exceeding seven years for teachers with associate professor titles;

    c) Not exceeding ten years for teachers with professor titles.

    4. During the implementation of the extended retirement age policy as stipulated in Clause 3 of this Article, teachers shall not hold management positions.

    5. The Government shall provide detailed regulations on the procedures and processes for extended retirement age; retirement at an extended age for teachers in specialized fields.

Chapter VI

TRAINING, DEVELOPMENT, AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR TEACHERS

    Article 28. Standard Qualifications for Teacher Training

    1. Except for cases specified in Clause 2 of this Article, standard qualifications for teacher training are as follows:

    a) Hold a college degree in education or higher for kindergarten teachers;

    b) Hold a bachelor's degree or higher in a relevant education field corresponding to the subject taught or a bachelor's degree or higher in a related field with a teaching qualification certificate for primary school teachers, lower secondary school teachers, and upper secondary school teachers;

    c) Hold a master's degree or higher for university-level teachers; hold a doctoral degree for postgraduate-level teachers, thesis advisors for master's theses, and doctoral dissertations;

    d) Standard qualifications for teachers in vocational education institutions shall be implemented according to the Vocational Education Law.

2. The Government shall specify the required qualifications for teachers teaching special subjects, ethnic minority languages, teachers teaching fields and trades in the health, culture, arts, physical education, and sports sectors; and teachers performing training and development tasks at state agency schools, political organizations, and people's armed forces units.

3. The Government shall specify the implementation timeline for the required qualifications for kindergarten, primary, and lower secondary school teachers as stipulated in points a and b of Clause 1 of this Article. The use of teachers who have not yet met the required qualifications as specified in points a and b of Clause 1 of this Article during the implementation period shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations of the Minister of Education and Training.

Article 29. Training and Development of Teachers

1. The training and development program for teachers includes:

a) Training to meet the required qualifications; advanced training;

b) Professional development based on occupational standards;

c) Development based on job title and leadership position standards;

d) Continuous development.

2. The State shall support funding for the implementation of the teacher training and development programs as specified in Clause 1 of this Article.

3. The Government shall provide detailed regulations for this Article.

Article 30. Responsibilities and Rights of Teachers when Participating in Training and Development

1. The responsibilities of teachers when participating in training and development include:

a) Fully participating and completing the training and development program;

b) Adhering to the internal rules and regulations of the training and development institution;

c) Having a sense of lifelong learning and continuous career development;

d) Providing feedback on the content of the program and the organization of training and development activities;

đ) Applying the results of training and development to their professional activities.

2. The rights of teachers when participating in training and development include:

a) Being provided with time to participate in training and development. The time spent on training and development programs as specified in Clause 1 of Article 29 of this Law shall be counted towards the continuous working time of the teacher;

b) Receiving financial support when assigned to participate in training and development programs as specified in Clause 1 of Article 29 of this Law.

Article 31. Objectives, Principles, Content, and Forms of International Cooperation for Teachers

1. International cooperation for teachers aims to contribute to building and developing a qualified, modernized, and internationally integrated teaching workforce; affirming the status of teachers as Vietnamese citizens in teaching, educational, and scientific research activities in the region and globally.

2. International cooperation for teachers shall comply with Vietnamese laws and international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a party.

3. The content of international cooperation for teachers includes:

a) Vietnamese citizen teachers participating in study, teaching, scientific research, academic exchange, and other international cooperation activities with foreign educational institutions and organizations;

b) Foreign citizen teachers participating in study, teaching, scientific research, academic exchange, and other international cooperation activities with Vietnamese educational institutions and organizations.

4. The forms of international cooperation for teachers include:

a) Exchange of teachers within the framework of international treaties and agreements on education;

b) Training and development of teachers abroad from state budget funds, foreign aid through the Vietnamese Government, or through cooperation between domestic and foreign educational institutions in accordance with the law;

c) Hiring foreign teachers to teach and work in educational institutions established under investment programs signed between Vietnam and foreign organizations and individuals;

d) Participation in regional and global educational organizations and professional associations;

đ) Attending forums, conferences, seminars, and educational activities in the region and globally;

e) Vietnamese citizen teachers going abroad and foreign citizen teachers coming to Vietnam for study, teaching, scientific research, and academic exchanges according to personal needs in self-funded or contractual forms.

5. The Government shall provide detailed regulations for this Article.

Chapter VII

HONORING, REWARDING, DISCIPLINING AND HANDLING VIOLATIONS AGAINST TEACHERS

Article 32. Teachers' Day

November 20th each year is Teachers' Day.

Article 33. Bestowing Titles of People's Teacher and Outstanding Teacher

Teachers, educational management officials, and educational institution management officials who meet the criteria set forth by law shall be bestowed titles of People's Teacher and Outstanding Teacher by the State.

Article 34. Rewards for Teachers and Agencies, Organizations, and Individuals Making Significant Contributions to Building and Developing the Teaching Workforce

1. The rewarding of teachers and agencies, organizations, and individuals making significant contributions to building and developing the teaching workforce shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Encouragement and Reward.

       2. In addition to the forms of competition and rewards prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article, localities and educational institutions may have other forms of honorific recognition and rewards for teachers and organizations, agencies, and individuals who have made significant contributions to building and developing the teaching staff, in accordance with the conditions of the locality and educational institution.

       Article 35. Disciplinary Measures Against Teachers

       1. The disciplinary measures against teachers who are civil servants working in public educational institutions shall be implemented in accordance with the regulations on disciplinary measures for civil servants as stipulated by the Civil Servant Law and other relevant laws.

       2. The disciplinary measures against teachers working under labor contracts in public educational institutions and non-public educational institutions shall be implemented in accordance with the regulations on disciplinary measures for workers as stipulated by the Labor Law, the organizational and operational regulations of the educational institution, and other relevant laws.

       3. The implementation of disciplinary measures against teachers must not affect the learning activities of students. The process of considering and implementing disciplinary measures against teachers must ensure humanistic values and protect the image and reputation of teachers.

       Article 36. Temporary Suspension from Teaching

       1. During the period of consideration and disciplinary action, the head of the educational institution may decide to temporarily suspend a teacher from teaching if continuing their teaching could create difficulties for the disciplinary process or affect the teacher's reputation and the psychological state of students; in cases where the head of the educational institution shows signs of violation, the competent authority that appoints the head of the educational institution shall issue a decision to temporarily suspend the teacher from teaching.

       2. For teachers in public educational institutions, the duration of temporary suspension from teaching and salary during the suspension period shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Servant Law and other relevant laws.

       3. For teachers in non-public educational institutions, the duration of temporary suspension from teaching and salary during the suspension period shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Labor Law and other relevant laws.

       Article 37. Handling Violations Affecting the Reputation, Honor, and Dignity of Teachers

       1. Organizations and individuals who commit acts infringing upon the reputation, honor, and dignity of teachers shall be subject to disciplinary measures, administrative penalties, or criminal prosecution depending on the nature and severity of the violation; if damage is caused, compensation must be provided according to the law.

       2. Acts infringing upon the reputation, honor, and dignity of teachers occurring within the premises of an educational institution or while teachers are performing their professional duties must be strictly handled in accordance with the law.

Chapter VIII

TEACHER MANAGEMENT

       Article 38. State Management of Teachers

       1. The Government exercises unified state management over teachers.

       2. The Ministry of Education and Training is the lead agency responsible before the Government for state management of teachers and performs the following tasks:

       a) Drafting, submitting to the competent authority for promulgation, or promulgating within its jurisdiction and organizing the implementation of legal normative documents concerning teachers;

       b) Leading and coordinating with ministries, ministerial-level agencies, provincial People's Committees in formulating strategies, programs, plans for the development of the teaching workforce within their jurisdiction and submitting them to the competent authority for decision-making;

       c) Coordinating with ministries, ministerial-level agencies, provincial People's Committees in proposing the competent authority to approve the number of teaching positions in public educational institutions;

       d) Building and managing databases and statistics on teachers;

       đ) Inspecting the responsibility for state management of teachers;

       e) Other tasks as prescribed by law.

       3. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, and People's Committees at all levels, within the scope of their assigned tasks and powers, perform state management of teachers.

       Article 39. Management of Teachers in Educational Institutions

       1. The content of management of teachers in educational institutions includes:

       a) Developing plans for teacher development and job position proposals;

       b) Hiring within the authorized scope, signing contracts, terminating contracts, and resolving termination procedures for teachers;

       c) Appointing and changing teacher positions;

       d) Evaluating teachers;

       đ) Arranging, deploying, and utilizing teachers;

       e) Implementing temporary suspension from teaching for teachers; rewarding and disciplining teachers;

       g) Implementing salary systems, incentive policies, support, attraction, and utilization of teachers; training and development systems for teachers;

       h) Building and managing data on teachers; implementing reporting systems on teachers;

       i) Creating favorable and safe environments for teachers' professional activities;

       k) Conducting internal inspections, handling complaints and reports against teachers;

       l) Other contents as prescribed by law.

       2. Publicly funded educational institutions with autonomy rights and privately funded educational institutions implement the content of teacher management prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article.

       3. For publicly funded educational institutions without autonomy rights, the competent authority managing the educational institution shall implement teacher management or delegate the head of the educational institution to implement the content of teacher management prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article.

Chapter IX

IMPLEMENTING PROVISIONS

Article 40. Amending and supplementing Article 66 of the Social Insurance Law No. 41/2024/QH15

Supplement Clause 3a following Clause 3 as follows:
"3a. The monthly pension level for the subjects specified in Clause 2 of Article 26 of the Teachers Law shall be calculated as prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article; the retirement age lower than the stipulated age shall not reduce the percentage of the pension as prescribed in Clause 3 of this Article."

Article 41. Effective Date

1. This Law shall take effect from January 1, 2026.

2. The application of the Teachers Law to teachers in state agencies' schools, political organizations, and people's armed forces shall be regulated by the Government.

Article 42. Transitional Provisions

1. In cases where the competent authority has approved plans and recruitment schemes for teachers, and teacher career rank promotion plans before the effective date of this Law, such plans and schemes shall continue to be implemented according to the approved plans within twelve months from the effective date of this Law.

2. Teachers shall continue to enjoy the seniority allowance until the salary policy reform for civil servants, public officials, people's armed forces, and workers in enterprises is implemented.